此研究藉著法國及英國的移民經驗，檢視來臺灣的國際移民可能產生的成本和利益。
英法兩國由於過去殖民歷史及當代經濟的發展成為移民歐洲的目的地。在移民的經濟及財政效果分析中，法國移民人口的技術能力偏低，和本國勞工在勞動市場上互補，但會導致負面的財政效果。英國移民的技術能力和本國人一致，且不會對英國的經濟和財政產生負面效果。臺灣的移民和法國移民一樣技術能力偏低，所以經濟效果亦同法國，但財政上則因為適用不同的法律而有不同的效果。
以融合政策而言，法國政府被歸類為同化主義者，而英國政府則為多元主義的代表。臺灣介於他們兩者之間，但社會上對移民排斥的態度將導致對移民或甚至對技術移民的隔閡。此研究最後並以法國和英國的經驗探討臺灣可行的政策。

This paper tries to examine the possible costs and benefits of international migration into Taiwan by drawing inferences from the experiences of France and Britain.
Due to past colonial expansion and the contemporary economic development, France and Britain both are the main destination countries of immigration flow to Europe. In analysis of economic and fiscal effects of immigration on host countries, France displays an example of low-skilled immigrant population, and hence immigrants tend to be complementary to native workers in the labour market, but lead to negative fiscal effects. The skill composition of immigrants in the UK, however, corresponds with the native-born, and their arrivals do not impose negative effect either on economic activity or on public finances. Immigrants in Taiwan are low skilled, like in France, so the economic effects are more or less the same as in France, while the fiscal effect differs due to different rules applied.
In terms of integration policies, the French government is classified as assimilationist and its British counterpart is regarded as multiculturalist. Taiwan is somewhere between the two, while the negative attitudes of the society create another barrier to immigrants and even to skilled migration. This paper concludes by specifying the policy recommendations where learned from the experiences of France and Britain.

摘 要 ........................................................................................................... ii
Abstract ....................................................................................................... iii
List of Tables .............................................................................................. vii
List of Figures ........................................................................................... viii
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 1
1.1 Motivation ............................................................................................ 1
1.2 A Brief History of French Immigration ............................................... 2
1.3 A Brief History of Britain Immigration ............................................... 4
2. ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF IMMIGRATION ................................... 7
2.1 Young Workforce in Labour Market ................................................... 8
2.2 Skilled Migration and Selective Immigration Policy ........................ 11
2.3 Negligible Effect on Employment and Wages of Native Workers .... 15
2.3.1 Complementarity of Immigrant Workers in France vs.
Substitutability of Immigrant Workers in Britain ................................. 16
2.3.2 Lower Degree of Labour Market Flexibility in France vs. Higher
Degree in Britain .................................................................................. 18
2.4 Changes in International Trade and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
.................................................................................................................. 19
2.5 Increase in Startup Activity................................................................ 21
2.6 Increase in Intangible Assets ............................................................. 23
3. FISCAL EFFECTS OF IMMIGRATION .......................................... 24
3.1 Fiscal Burden of Immigration in France vs. Fiscal Benefits of
Immigration in Britain ............................................................................. 25
3.2 Patterns of Welfare Claimed by Immigrant Cohorts ......................... 26
4. INTEGRATION OF IMMIGRANTS ................................................. 28
4.1 Integration Policy ............................................................................... 29
4.1.1 Assimilation and the French Republican Model ......................... 29
4.1.2 Multicultural Society of the UK ................................................... 30
4.2 Integration and Identity ...................................................................... 31
4.3 Job Market .......................................................................................... 34
5. THE CASE OF TAIWAN .................................................................... 41
5.1 A Brief History of Taiwanese Immigration ....................................... 41
5.2 Migrant Workers in Taiwan ............................................................... 44
5.2.1 Economic Effects.......................................................................... 47
5.2.2 Minimum Social and Fiscal Costs ............................................... 48
5.3 Skilled Migration ............................................................................... 48
5.4 Migrant Spouses in Taiwan................................................................ 50
5.4.1 Positive Effect on the Demographic Structure of Taiwan ........... 51
5.4.2 Negligible Effect on the Labour Market of Taiwan ..................... 52
5.4.3 Small and Negative Fiscal effects on Government Finance ........ 53
5.4.4 Integration and Immigration Policy of Taiwan and Social
Attitudes towards Immigration ............................................................. 54
5.4.5 Labor Market Assimilation of Migrant Spouses .......................... 55
5.4.6 Residential Assimilation .............................................................. 57
5.4.7 Children of New Taiwanese ......................................................... 58
6. POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TAIWAN AND
CONCLUSION .......................................................................................... 59
6.1 More Positive Social Attitudes Towards Migrant Workers Should Be
Developed ................................................................................................ 60
6.1.1 Acknowledge the Contributions by Migrant Workers ................. 60
6.1.2 Awareness of Smooth Labour Relations between Migrant Workers
and Employers ...................................................................................... 61
6.2 More Relaxed Immigration Policy towards Student Migration from
Asia........................................................................................................... 62
6.2.1 Brain Drain in Taiwan ................................................................. 62
6.2.2 Rapid Rise in the Number of Foreign Students ........................... 62
6.3 Long-term Immigration Policy in Need for Migrant Wives and
Children .................................................................................................... 65
6.3.1 Comprehensive Immigration Database ....................................... 65
6.3.2 Education-oriented Integration Policy for Migrant Wives and
Their Children ....................................................................................... 66
6.3.3 Avoid Differentiation and Promote Shared Civic Values and
Norms .................................................................................................... 68
6.4 Conclusion.......................................................................................... 69
References .................................................................................................. 71

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