中國大陸自改革開放以來，經濟成長一直是其發展政策的核心，環境永續的重要性長期被忽視。但由於政府環保法規漸趨嚴格，民眾環保意識也日益提高；備受影響的石化及化工跨國企業該如何因應，實值關注。由於生態問題突顯，本文以自然資源基礎觀點、動態能力、體制理論及領導理論之文獻進行探討，整合提出初步研究觀念架構，藉以探究綠色動態能力之相關影響因素。進一步，再藉由10 家於中國華東地區營運的石化及化工跨國企業子公司高階主管深度訪談資料之質性分析，本文提出了包含轉化型領導傾向、環境策略預應性、體制回應資本、綠色產品開發績效與綠色動態能力相關的四個研究命題；最後並提出本研究理論意涵及實務意涵之討論與後續研究方向之建議。

When economic growth played the very important role on the country development policy of China, environmental sustainability was neglected by the society for long. Nowadays, due to stricter government regulations and more sensitive environment consciousness of the community, petrochemical and chemical MNCs’ subsidiaries in China how to respond to this change becomes a matter of concernment. This study is based on the literature review of natural resource based view, dynamic capabilities, institutional theory and leadership theory to establish an integrative preliminary conceptual framework for green dynamic capabilities research. Further, through analysis of qualitative data of in-depth interviews with 10 petrochemical and chemical MNCs’ subsidiaries in China, this study provided 4 research propositions regarding green dynamic capabilities. Finally the study also made some implication discussions for theory and practice and suggested two future research directions.

誌謝…………………………………………………………………………………….i
中文摘要……………………………………………………………………………….ii
英文摘要……………………………………………………………………………….iii
目錄…………….………………………………………………………………………iv
表目錄…………………………………………………………………………………vi
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………………………vii
第一章 緒論………………………………………………………………………1
第一節 研究背景與研究動機…………………………………………………… 1
第二節 研究目的………………………………………………………………… 3
第三節 研究流程………………………………………………………………… 4
第二章 文獻探討…………………………………………………………………7
第一節 資源基礎觀點…………………………………………………………… 7
第二節 動態能力與綠色動態能力.………………………………………………11
第三節 自然資源基礎觀點……………………….………………………………16
第四節 高階領導風格：交易型與轉化型領導…………………..………………22
第五節 體制理論……………………………...…………………………..………25
第六節 綠色產品開發績效……………………………………….………………30
第三章 研究方法…………………………………………………….……………32
第一節 質性研究…………………………………………………….……………32
第二節 初步研究觀念架構………………………………………….……………33
第三節 研究設計與資料蒐集………………………………………….…………34
第四章 資料分析與研究成果…………………………………………….………35
第一節 標竿企業介紹………………………………………………….…………35
第二節 資料分析與研究成果……………………………………….……………39
第五章 結論與建議…………………………………………………….…………59
第一節 研究結論………………………………………………………….………59
第二節 研究意涵討論…………………………………………………….………59
第三節 研究限制與未來研究方向建議………………………………….………60
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………….…62
附錄一高新技術企業認定申請書…………………………………….…………73
附錄二企業訪談大綱…………………………………………………….………80
附錄三杜邦事業部門銷售額…………………………………………….………82
附錄四訪談個案 C 公司（永續發展型）摘要…………………………..……..83

一、 中文部分
中國科學技術部，2008，關於印發《高新技術企業認定管理辦法》的通知，
北京：科學技術部。
中國國務院，2011，國家環境保護”十二五”規劃，北京：中國國務院。
全國工業總會，2010，2010 全國工業總會白皮書－對大陸投資經營環境之
建言，台北：全國工業總會。
江蘇省人民政府，2013，江蘇省工業和信息產業結構調整指導目標(2012
年本)，南京：江蘇省人民政府。
江蘇省科學技術廳，2009，關於印發《江蘇省高新技術企業研究開發中心
管理辦法》的通知，南京：江蘇省科學技術廳。
杜邦(中國)網頁，2014，www.dupont.cn。
何筱媛、李明哲、高璐、王倩，2013，「2012 年環境輿情年度報告」，收錄
於中國社會輿情與危機管理報告，謝耕耘（編），42-74，北京：社會科文献。
李平、楊丹輝、李鵬飛、葉振宇、鄭州，2012，「工業綠色轉型研究」，收錄於中
國綠色經濟發展機制和政策創新研究（上冊），楊朝非、里杰蘭德[瑞典]主
編，北京：中國環境科學。
連偉雋，2013，「PX 設廠昆明千餘人上街頭」，中國時報，5 月5 日，A10 版。
陳文俊譯，Babbie, E.著，2005，社會科學研究方法，台北：雙葉書廊。
范麗恆譯，斯丹納‧苛費爾與斯林‧布林克曼著，2013，質性研究訪談，北京：
世界圖書。
麥朝成、伍忠賢，2013，中國大陸經濟，台北：五南。
齊若蘭譯，高爾著，2013，驅動大未來：牽動全球變遷的六個革命性巨變，
台北：遠見天下文化。
63
二、英文部分
Albino, V., Balice, A., & Dangelico, R. M. 2009. Environmental strategies and green
product development: An overview on sustainability-driven companies. Business
Strategy and the Environment, 18: 83-96.
Allenby, B. 1991. Design for environment: A tool whose time has come. SSA Journal,
September: 6-9.
Aragón-Correa, J. A. 1998. Strategic proactivity and firm approach to the natural
environment. Academy of Management Journal, 41: 556-567.
Aragón-Correa, J. A., & Sharma, S. 2003. A contingent resource-based view of
proactive corporate environmental strategy. Academy of Management Review,
28(1): 71-88.
Barney, J. 1986. Strategic factor markets: Expectations, luck, and business strategy.
Management Science, 32: 1231-1241.
Barney, J. 1991. Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of
Management,17: 99-120.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. 1986. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in
social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical
considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5(6): 1173-1182.
Bass, B. M. 1985. Leadership and performance beyond expectation. New York: Free
Press.
Bass, B. M. 1990. From transactional to transformational leadership: Learning to
share the vision. Organizational Dynamics, 18(3): 19-32.
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. 1994. Improving organizational effectiveness through
64
transformational leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. 1997. Full-range of Leadership development: Manual for
the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Palo Alto, CA: Mind Garden.
Bennis, W., & Nanus, B. 1985. Leaders. New York: Harper & Row.
Berman, S. L., Wicks, A. C., Kotha, S., & Jones, T. M. 1999. Does stakeholder
orientation matter? The relationship between stakeholder management models
and firm financial performance. Academy of Management Journal, 42: 488-506.
Berry, J. K., & Gordon, J. C.(Eds.). 1993. Environmental leadership:Developing
effective skills and styles. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Boons, F. 2002. Greening Products: A framework for product chain management.
Journal of Cleaner Production, 10(5): 495-505.
Bozeman, B. 1987. All organizations are public. San Francisco: Jossey–Bass.
Bryman, A., Stephens, M., & á Campo, C. 1996. The importance of context:
Qualitative research and the study of leadership. Leadership Quarterly, 7:
353-370.
Burns, J. M. 1978. Leadership. New York: Harper & Row.
Buysse, K., & Verbeke, A. 2003. Proactive environmental strategies: A stakeholder
management perspective. Strategic Management Journal, 24(5): 453-470.
Cairncross, F. 1991. Costing the earth. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Carson, R. 1962. Silent Spring. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Chen, Y. S., & Chang, C. H. 2013. The determinants of green product development
performance: Green dynamic capabilities, green transformational
leadership, and green creativity. Journal of Business Ethics, 116: 107-119.
Cheng, Y. T., & Van de Ven, A. H. 1996. Learning the innovation journey: Order out of
chaos? Organization Science, 7: 593-614.
Christmann P., & Taylor, G. 2001. Globalization and environment: Determinants of
65
firm self-regulation in China. Journal of International Business Studies,
32(3): 439-458.
Clark, K., & Fujimoto, T. 1991. Product development performance. Boston : Harvard
Business School Press.
Cohen, M. A., Eliashberg, J., & Ho, T.-H. 1996. New product development: The
performance and time-to-market tradeoff. Management Science, 42(2): 173-186.
Cohen, S. G., & Bailey, D. E. 1997. What makes teams work: Group effectiveness
research from the shop floor to the executive suite. Journal of Management, 23:
239-290.
Collis, D. J. 1994. Research note: How valuable are organizational capabilities?
Strategic Management Journal, Winter Special Issue 15: 143-152.
Connor, K. 1991. A historical comparison of resource-based theory and five schools
thought within industrial organization economics: Do we have a new theory of
the firm? Journal of Management, 17: 121-154.
Costanza, R.(Ed.). 1991. Ecological economics. New York: Columbia University Press.
Daly, H., & Cobb, J(Eds.) 1989. For the common good. Boston : Beacon Press.
Dangelivo, R. M., & Pujari, D. 2010. Mainstreaming green product innovation: Why
and how companies integrate environment sustainability. Journal of Business
Ethics, 95: 471-486.
DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. 1983. The iron cage revisited: Institutional
isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American
Sociological Review, 48: 147-160.
Dutton, J.A., & Dukerich, J. M. 1991. Keeping an eye on the mirror: Image and identity
in organizational adaptation. Academy of Management Journal, 34(3): 517-554.
Egri, C. P., & Herman, S. 2000. Leadership in the north American environmental sector:
Value, leadership styles, and contexts of environmental leaders and their
66
organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 43(4): 571-604.
Eisenhardt, K. M., & Martin, J. A. 2000. Dynamic capabilities: What are they?
Strategic Management Journal, 21: 1105-1121.
Fiskel, J. 1993. Design for environment: The new quality imperative. Corporate
Environmental Strategy, 1: 49-55.
Freeman, E. 1984. Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Boston: Pitman.
Frosch, R., & Gallopoulos, N.1989. Strategies for manufacturing. Scientific American,
September: 144-152.
Ghemawat, P. 1986. Sustainable advantage. Harvard Business Review, 64(5): 53-58.
Gladwin, T. N. 1993. The meaning of greening: A plea for organizational theory. In K.
Fischer & J Schot(Eds.). Environment strategies for industry: International
perspectives on research needs and policy implications: 37-62. Washington, DC:
Island Press.
Grant, R. M. 1991. The resource-based theory of competitive advantage: Implications
for strategy. California Management Review, 22: 114-135.
Hamel, G., & Prahalad, C. K. 1989. Strategic intent. Harvard Business Review, 67(3):
63-76.
Hart, S. L.1995. A natural – resource – based view of the firm. Academy of Management
Review, 20(4): 986-1014.
Hart, S. L. 1997. Beyond greening: Strategies for a sustainable world. Harvard Business
Review, 75(1): 66-76.
Henriques, I., & Sadorsky, P. 1999. The relationship between environmental
commitment and managerial perceptions of stakeholder importance. Academy
of Management Journal, 42(1): 87-99.
Hoffman, A. J. 1999. Institutional evolution and change: Environmentalism and the U.S.
chemical industry. Academy of Management Journal, 42(4): 351-371.
67
Imai, M. 1986.Kaizen.New York : Random House.
Hunt, C., & Auster, E. R. 1990. Proactive environmental management: Avoiding the
toxic trap. Sloan Management Review, 31(2): 7-18.
Ishikawa, K., & Lu, D.1985. What is total quality control? Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice Hall.
Jabbour, C. J. C., Santos, F. C. A., & Nagano, M. S. 2010. Contributions of HRM
Throughout the stages of environmental management: methodological
triangulation applied to companies in Brazil. The International Journal of
Human Resource Management, 21(7) June: 1049-1089.
Jung, D. I., Chow, C., & Wu, A. 2003. The role of transformational leadership in
enhancing organizational innovation: Hypotheses and some preliminary findings.
The Leadership Quarterly, 14: 525-544.
Kassinis, G., & Vafeas, N. 2006. Stakeholder pressures and environmental performance.
Academy of Management Journal, 49(1): 145-159.
Keoleian, G., & Menerrey, D. 1993. Life cycle design guidance manual. Cincinnati ,
OH: Environment Protection Agency.
Kusunoki, K., Novaka, I., & Nagata, A. 1998. Organizational capabilities in product
development of Japanese firms: A conceptual framework and empirical findings.
Organizational Science, 9(6): 699-718.
Lee, H., & Kelly, D. 2008. Building dynamic capabilities for innovation: An exploratory
study of key management practices. R&D Management, 38(2): 155-168.
Leonard-Barton, D. 1992. Core capabilities and core rigidities: A paradox in managing
new product development. Strategic Management Journal, 13: 111-125.
Lieberman, M., & Montgomery, D. 1988. First mover advantages. Strategic
Management Journal, 9〔special issue〕: 41-58.
Mahoney, J., & Pandian, J. 1992. The resource-based view within the conversation of
68
strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 13(5): 363-380.
Maxwell, D., Sheate, W., & van der Vorst, R. 2006. Functional and systems aspects of
the sustainable product and service development approach for industry. Journal
of Cleaner Production, 14(17): 1466-1479.
Miles, M. B. 1979. Qualitative data as an attractive nuisance: The problem of analysis.
Administrative Science Quarterly, 24: 590-601.
Mitchell, R. K., Agle, B. R., & Wood, D. J. 1997. Towards a theory of stakeholder
identification and salience: Defining the principle of who and what really counts.
Academy of Management Review, 22: 853-886.
Mumford, M. D., Scott, G. M., Gaddis, B., & Strange, I. M. 2002. Leading creative
people: Orchestrating expertise and relationships. The Leadership Quarterly, 13:
705-750.
Mumford, M. D. 2000. Managing creative people: Strategy and tactics for innovation.
Human Resource Management Review, 10: 313-351.
Murillo-Luna, J. L., Garcés-Ayerbe, C., & Rivera-Torres, P. 2008. Why do patterns of
environmental response differ? A stakeholders’ pressure approach. Strategic
Management Journal, 29: 1225-1240.
Meyer, A. D. 1982. Adapting to environmental jolts. Administrative Science Quarterly,
27:515-537.
Oldham, G. R., & Cummings, A. 1996. Employee creativity: Personal and contextual
factors at work. Academy of Management Journal, 39: 607-635.
Oliver, C. 1991. Strategic responses to institutional processes. Academy of Management
Review, 16(1): 145-179.
Oliver, C. 1997. Sustainable competitive advantage: Combining institutional and
resource-based views. Strategic Management Journal, 18: 697-713.
Ottman, J. A., Stafford, E. R., & Hartman, C. L. 2006. Green marketing myopia.
69
Environment, 48(5): 22-36.
Pavlou, P. A. & El Sawy, O.A. 2011, Understanding the elusive black box of dynamic
capabilities, Decision Sciences, 43(1): 239-273.
Peteraf, M. A. 1993. The connerstones of competitive advantage: A rexource-based view.
Strategic Management Journal, 14(3): 179-191.
Podsakoff, P. M., Mackenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H., & Fetter, R. 1990.
Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers’ trust in leader,
satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviros. Leadership Quterly, 1(2):
107-142.
Polman, P. 2012. Captain Planet. Harvard Business Review, June: 112-118
Polonsky, M., & Ottman, J. 1998. Stakeholders in green product development process.
Journal of Marketing Management, 14: 533-557.
Pujari, D., Wright, G., & Peaattie, K. 2003. Green and competitive: Influences on
environmental new product development performance. Journal of Business
Research, 56(8): 657-671.
Roberts, N., & King, P. 1989. The stakeholder audit goes public. Organizational
Dynamics, 17(3): 63-79.
Romm, J. 1994. Lean and clean management. New York: Kodansha International.
Roome, N. 1992. Developing environmental management strategies. Business Strategy
and the Environment, 1(1): 11-24.
Rooney, C. 1993. Economics of pollution prevention: How waste reduction pays.
Pollution Prevention Review, 3(Summer): 261-276.
Russo,M. V., & Fouts, P. A.1997. A resource-based perspective on corporate
environmental performance and profitability. Academy of Management
Journal, 40(3): 534-559.
Sarros, J. C., Cooper, B. K., & Santora, J. C. 2008. Building a climate for innovation
70
through transformational leadership and organizational culture. Journal of
Leadership & Organizational Studies, 15: 145-158.
Schmidheiny, S. 1992. Change course. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Schreyogg, G., & Kliesch-Eberl, M. 2007. How dynamic can organizational capabilities
be ? Towards a dual-process model of capability dynamization. Strategic
Management Journal, 28: 913-933.
Schumpeter, J.A. 1934. Theory of economic development, Cambridge, MA: Harvard
University Press.
Scott, W. R. 1987: The adolescence of institutional theory. Administrative Science
Quarterly, 32: 493-511.
Scott, W. R. 1983. The organization of environments: Network, cultural, and historical
elements. In J.W. Meyer & W. R. Scott (Eds.), Organizational environment:
Ritual and rationality: 155-175. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Shalley, C. E., & Gilson, L. L. 2004. What leaders need to know: A review of social and
contextual factors that can foster or hinder creativity. The Leadership Quarterly,
15: 33-53.
Shalley, C. E., Zhou, J., & Oldman, G. R. 2004. The effects of personal and contextual
characteristics on creativity: Where should we go from here? Journal of
Management, 30: 933-958.
Shin, S. J., & Zhou, J. 2003. Transformational leadership, conversation, and creativity:
Evidence from Korea. Academy of Management Journal. 46: 703-714.
Shin, S. J., & Zhou, J. 2007. When is educational specialization heterogeneity related to
creativity in research and development teams? Transformational leadership as a
moderator. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92: 1709-1721.
Shrivastava, P. 1994. Ecocentric leadership in the 21st century. Leadership Quarterly,
5(3/4): 223-226.
71
Smart, B.(Ed.) 1992. Beyond compliance: A new industry view of the environment.
Washington, DC: World Resources Institute.
Stikker, A. 1992. Sustainability and business management. Business Strategy and the
Environment, 3(Autumn): 1-8.
Teece, D. J., & Pisano, G. 1994. The dynamic capabilities of firms: An introduction.
Industrial and Corporates Change, 3(3): 537-556.
Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen,A.1997.Dynamic capabilities and strategic
management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7): 509-533.
Teece, D. J. 2007. Explicating dynamic capabilities: The nature and microfoundations of
(sustainable) enterprise performance. Strategic Management Journal, 28: 1319-
1350.
Unilever global website, 2014, www.unilever.com.
Venselaar, J. 1995. Environmental Training: Industrial Needs. Journal of Cleaner
Production, 3: 9-12.
Welford, R. 1995. Environment Strategy and Sustainable Development. London:
Routledge.
Wernerfelt, B. 1984. A resource-based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal,
5: 171-180.
Wernerfelt, B. 1995. A resource-based view of the firm: Ten years after. Strategic
Management Journal, 16: 171-174.
West, M. A. 2002. Sparkling fountains or stagnant ponds: An integrative model of
creativity and innovation implementation in work groups. Applied Psychology :
An International Review, 51: 355-387.
Willig, J.(Ed.).1994. Environmental TQM. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Winter, S. G. 2000. The satisfying principle in capability learning. Strategic
Management Journal, Special Issue (10-11): 981-996.
72
Winter, S. G. 2003. Understanding dynamic capabilities. Strategic Management Journal,
24: 991-995.
Woodman, R.W., Sawyer, J. E., & Griffin, R.W. 1993. Toward a theory of organizational
creativity. Academy of Management Review, 18: 293-322.
Wright, P. M., Dunford, B. B., & Snell, S. A. 2001. Human resource based view of the
firm. Journal of Management, 27: 701-721.
Wright, P. M. & McMahan, G. C. 1992. Theoretical perspectives for strategic human
resource management. Journal of Management, 18(2): 295-320.
Yammarino, F. J., Dubinsky, A. J., & Spangler, W. D. 1998. Transformational and
contingent reward leadership: Individual, dyad, and group levels of analysis.
Leadership Quarterly, 9: 27-54.
Ying, R. K. 1981. The case study crisis : Some answers. Administrative Science
Quarterly, 26: 58-65.
Young, J. 1991. Reducing waste, saving material. In L. Brown et al. (Eds.), State of the
world: 39-55. New York: Norton.
Zhang, A. Y., Tsui, A. S., & Wang, D. X. 2011. Leadership behaviors and group
creativity in Chinese organizations: The role of group processes. The Leadership
Quarterly, 22: 851-862.
Zucker, L. G. 1983. Organizations as institutions. In S. B. Bacharach (Ed.), Research in
the sociologh of organizations, 2: 1-47. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.