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博碩士論文 etd-0110109-145813 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0110109-145813
論文名稱
Title
創業行為與創業意願之認知比較研究
Entrepreneur behavior and entrepreneur intention research
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
98
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2009-01-05
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2009-01-10
關鍵字
Keywords
創業行為、創業動機、創業認知、創業家
entrepreneur behavior, entrepreneurial cognition, entrepreneur intention, entrepreneur
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5820 次,被下載 4257
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5820 times, has been downloaded 4257 times.
中文摘要
創業相關研究中探討「創業家為何會創業?」之相關研究甚多,但探討「一般人為何不創業?」的相關研究卻不常見。本研究有鑑於此,欲比較創業家與一般人在創業行為上是否存有顯著的認知差異,試圖找出行為產生的關鍵因素,實現人人都可成為創業家之觀點。

本研究援引計畫行為理論 ( TPB ) 為研究架構,並以「創業行為」作為分類標準,將研究對象分為「已創業者」以及「未創業者」兩群組,經實證分析,獲得以下之結論:

一、 此二群組在計畫行為理論中的「態度」變項並無顯著差異:
「態度」變項旨在衡量人們對某特定創業動機的重要性認知,例如創業可以實現夢想、回饋社會、增加財富收入...等。研究結果顯示,「已創業者」與「未創業者」對此變項的重要性認知都相當高,意即此變項並非區分人們是否會產生創業行為的關鍵因素。

二、此二群組在計畫行為理論中的「主觀規範」變項有顯著差異:
「主觀規範」變項旨在衡量人們的決策受到他人影響的程度,例如創業行為的產生是否需要父母親、配偶、周遭親友的支持鼓勵...等。研究結果顯示,「已創業者」對此變項的重要性認知甚低,而「未創業者」卻認為此變項相當重要,說明此變項可作為區分人們有無創業行為產生的關鍵因素。

三、此二群組在計畫行為理論中的「知覺行為控制」變項有顯著差異:
「知覺行為控制」變項旨在衡量人們對創業相關資源的重要性認知,例如所辨認的創業機會可實行、能掌握資金與資訊...等。研究結果顯示,「已創業者」對此變項的重要性認知相當高,而「未創業者」則認為較不重要,此變項也可說明為何會有「已創業者」與「未創業者」之分別。

此外,本研究更將「未創業者」依據其「創業意願程度」高低,將之分類為「未曾想過創業」的無創業意願者、「曾經有想過創業」的無創業意願者、「有一點點創業念頭」的有創業意願者、「非常想創業」的有創業意願者四群組,旨在更透徹瞭解各種不同程度的創業意願類型與「已創業者」間的重要性認知差異,希冀能透過此種比較研究來提供創業相關團體有力資訊,並根據不同情況予以對症下藥,以收提昇國人創業風氣、挹注台灣下一階段經濟成長之效。
Abstract
Numerous papers relating “the motives of entrepreneurs” have been published, yet literally few discussed “why do others don’t”. Based on the phenomenon, this study aims at discussing whether significant cognitive differences about entrepreneurial activities exist between entrepreneurs and others and to find key factors causing these behaviors in order to test the hypotheses derived from the concept that “everyone could be an entrepreneur”.

This research applies the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as the foundation and categorizes study objects into two groups by “entrepreneurial activities” – “entrepreneurs”, and “non-entrepreneurs”. Results of the thesis are:

I. The two groups possess no significant difference in the “attitude” category of TPB:
The “attitude” part aims at measuring the importance of certain entrepreneurial motives cognized by people involved, such as: realizing dreams, feeding back to the society, increasing wealth and so on. The results indicate that both “entrepreneurs” and “non-entrepreneurs” address significant importance on the category, i.e. this might not be a key distinguishing factor of entrepreneurial activities.

II. The two groups possess significant differences in the “subjective norms”:
The “subjective norms” part aims at measuring how one’s decisions are influenced by others, such as whether parents’, spouse’s and others’ support matter when one considering starting a business. The results indicate that “entrepreneurs” paid significantly less importance on the category than “non-entrepreneurs”, which indicating that this might be a critical factor affecting entrepreneurial activities’ appearance.

III. The two groups possess significant differences in the “perception behavior control”:
The “perception behavior control” part aims at measuring one’s concept of the importance of resources when considering starting a business, such as practicability, possession of capital and information, etc. The results indicate that “entrepreneurs” paid significantly more attention on the category than “non-entrepreneurs”, thus this might also be a critical factor affecting entrepreneurial activities’ appearance.

In addition, this study categorizes the “non-entrepreneurs” into four categories by their willingness of starting a business, they are: “never thought of / not-willing”, “thought of / not-willing”, “might-be / willing” and “desperately want to / willing” in order to examine the differences between “non-entrepreneurs” who possess different levels of willingness and the “entrepreneurs”. It is expected that this thesis could be served as an important source of information for domestic entrepreneur-related groups and to address the problems, for the sake of boosting the entrepreneurship of citizens and the economy as a whole.
目次 Table of Contents
目錄

圖目錄.........................................................III
表目錄.........................................................IV


第壹章 緒論...................................1
第一節 研究背景與動機...............................1
第二節 研究目的.....................................3
第三節 研究範圍.....................................4
第四節 研究流程與論文結構...........................5


第貳章 文獻探討...............................7
第一節 創業行為相關文獻.............................7
第二節 計畫行為理論.................................19


第參章 研究設計與方法.........................25
第一節 確立研究架構.................................25
第二節 研究對象與變項之操作性定義與衡量.............26
第三節 研究假說建立.................................32
第四節 問卷設計.....................................35
第五節 問卷施測與回收...............................38
第六節 資料分析方法.................................40


第肆章 實證結果與討論.........................43
第一節 描述性統計分析...............................43
第二節 因素分析與信度分析...........................56
第三節 相關性分析...................................58
第四節 獨立樣本T檢定分析...........................60
第五節 Logistic迴歸分析..............................63


第伍章 結論與建議.............................69
第一節 研究結論.....................................69
第二節 研究貢獻與建議...............................76
第三節 研究限制.....................................80
第四節 後續研究建議.................................81


參考文獻........................................82
附錄一 本研究問卷.....................................85
參考文獻 References
中文部分

1. 古永嘉 (譯) (2003),Cooper,D. R. and Schindler, P. S. (原著),《企業研究方法》。台北:Mc GrawHill。
2. 全美百科全書 ( Encyclopedia America ), http://go.grolier.com/。
3. 余家斌 (2000)。慈善機構捐款人之行為研究---計畫行為理論之應用,國立中
山大學公共事務管理研究所碩士論文。高雄。
4. 許士軍 (1990)。《管理學》。台北:東華。
5. 陳明璋 (1989)。《創業的智慧》。台北:宏?眲鴔瑎瑊z教育中心。
6. 陳輝吉 (1993)。《創業家—迎接全方位創業挑戰》。台北:麥田。
7. 葉旭榮 (1994)。志工參與行為意向模式的建構及其在志工人力資源招募的應用—以老人福利機構志工招募為例,國立中山大學公共事務管理研究所碩士論文。高雄。
8. 曾耀輝 (1987)。我國高科技企業創業領導者特徵、創業決策之研究,國立台
灣大學商學研究所碩士論文。台北。
9. 蔡繡容 (2001)。創業家之認知與行為意向之研究:計畫行為理論與社會認知
理論之應用,國立高雄第一科技大學金融營運研究所碩士論文。高雄。
10. 劉常勇 (2002)。《創業管理的12堂課》。台北:天下遠見。









英文部分

1. Ajzen, I., & Madden, T.J. (1986).”Prediction of Goal-directed Behavior:Attitude, Intention and Perceived Behavioral Control”,Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 453-474.
2. Bochkaus, R. H., (1980).”Risk-Taking Propensity of Entrepreneurs”, Academy of Management Journal, 509-520
3. Carsrud, A.L.K.W., & Eddy, G. G. (1986). Entrepreneurship:Research in quest of a paradigm, in Kent et al. Encyclopedia, 367-378.
4. Drucker, P. F. (1984).Innovation and Entrepreneurship. New York:Harper & Row.
5. Dubini, P. (1989). The Influence of Motivations and Environment on Business Start-Ups:Some Hints for Public Policies. Journal of Business Venturing, 4(1), 11-26.
6. Gartner , W. B. (1985) ” A Conceptual Framework for Describing the Phenomenon of New Venture Creation “, 696-706
7. Ghosh, B. C., & Kwan, W. (1996). An Analysis of Key Success Factors of SMEs:A Comparative Study of Singapore/Malaysia and Australia/New Zealand. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Nanyang Technological University.
8. Greenberger, D. B., & Sexton, D. L. (1998). An Interactive Model of New Venture Initiation. Journal of Small Business Management, 26(3), 1-7.
9. Holt , D. H. Entrepreneurship (1992) “ New Venture Creation , New Jersey:Prentice-Hall “
10. Nelson, C., (1989).”Starting your Own Business-Four Success Stories”, Communication World, Vol.3, No.8, 18-29
11. Schumpeter, J.A., (1934), The Theory of Economy Development, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
12. Shame, W., (1974), Venture Management:”The Business of Inventor, Entrepreneur, Venture Capitalist, and established Company”, New York:The Free Press.
13. Sharma, P. & J.J Chrisman, (1999) “Toward a Reconciliation of the Definitional Issues in the Field of Corporate Entrepreneurship“, 11-27
14. Siropolis, N. C., (1989).”Small Business Management:A Guide to Entrepreneurship”, Houghton Miffin Company, 38-42
15. Yee, W. C., (1991).”The Entrepreneurship and Innovative Change”, NTU, July 1991, 3-5
16. Zahra, S. A., (1993).”A Conceptual Model of Entrepreneurship an Firm Behavior:A Critique and Extension”,Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol.17, NO.4, 5-21
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