1986年開始，由於台灣西部沿岸養殖環境及水質日漸受到工業污染，傳統水產養殖產業如:魚、蝦養殖業等，面臨到經營上的困境，於是逐步往環境優良、水域生態相對天然、無汙染的東南亞國家及中國移動，以馬來西亞為例，對當時馬國而言，台資養殖產業帶來了產業價值鏈、生產與管理技術、就業與經濟成長。但榮景不常，對照於當時的環境天然無汙染，與今日的生態破壞，能夠留下來繼續在馬來西亞繼續從事養殖的台資業者，必有其特有的競爭優勢及經營策略，也就是本研究想探討之處。
本研究以資源基礎理論為討論基礎，結合策略運用與競爭優勢的來源，探討台資企業在馬來西亞經營多年的優勢與策略，以質性的個案研究為本研究方法，針對一家在馬來西亞經營超過三十年的台資水產養殖業做為研究對象，透過深度訪談此個案公司五位高階主管及相關次級資料整理來深入分析個案公司的經營型態分析，並分別就其公司之核心資源、競爭優勢及營策略等議題作深入訪談及分析。
本研究獲得六項綜合結論：一、投資選址正確、設備自動化、持續性投入的研發及投資規模的綜效等有形資產，有助於形成台資水產養殖公司的競爭優勢。二、優良的商譽、豐富的養殖技術及經驗等重要的無形資產，有助於形成台資水產養殖公司的競爭優勢。三、組織能力中創新研發與技術能力為台資水產養殖公司成功與否的重要關鍵因素。四、台資水產養殖公司採用多角化經營策略，有助於強化企業的競爭優勢。五、台資水產養殖公司利用品牌、研發及技術創新能力等核心資源，成為企業差異化的經營策略。六、台資水產養殖公司會採行產品差異化策略加強產業競爭能力。本研究並對兩項經營問題提出建議：一、提高設備自動化程度與提高員工待遇及福利解決勞動力短缺問題。二、加強水質監測及管控與導入更科學化養殖體系，有效疾病防疫及控管解決環境遭受汙染問題。希望透過本研究的結論與建議，能提供給有意到馬來西亞投資水產養殖產業的台資業者更多的產業相關資訊。

As the environment and water quality of the western coast of Taiwan have been increasingly polluted by industry since 1986. Traditional aquaculture industry such as fish and shrimp farming industry, facing the difficulties of business, so gradually moved to Southeast Asian countries and China where the environment and waters ecology relatively were natural and non-polluted. In Malaysia, for example, the Taiwan-funded farming industry brought the industrial value chain, production, management techniques, employment, and economic growth. But the recession came quickly, compared the natural environment at that time without pollution to nowadays ecological destruction, Taiwanese entrepreneurs in Malaysia can continue to engage in farming must have its unique competitive advantages and business strategies, that is, this paper want to study.
This research will be based on resource-based theory, combined with the source of competitive advantages and the use of the strategies to get to the meat of the Taiwan-funded enterprises’ advantages and strategies of the operation in Malaysia. In this study, a qualitative research method was conducted to analyze the operation of the case company in depth through an in-depth interview with the senior executives of the case and sort out related secondary data in a Taiwan-funded aquaculture business operating in Malaysia for more than three decades.
The study obtained six comprehensive conclusions: First, the correctness of investment location, equipment automation, continuous investment in R&D and the overall effect of investment scale help Taiwan-funded aquaculture companies to form competitive advantages. Second, good reputation and perfect farming techniques and experience help Taiwan-funded aquaculture companies to form competitive advantages. Third, innovative R&D and technical capacity are the key factors that Taiwan-funded aquaculture companies succeed or not. Fourth, Taiwan-funded aquaculture companies use diversified business strategy to strengthen its competitive advantage. Fifth, the brand, innovative R&D capabilities and professional technique capacity of the core resources are the Taiwan-funded aquaculture companies using to form a differentiated business strategy and advantages. Sixth, Taiwan-funded aquaculture companies will adopt product differentiation strategy to strengthen the industrial competitiveness. This study advises on two operational issues: First, improve the degree of automation equipment and improve staff salary and welfare to solve the problem of labor shortage. Second, strengthen water quality monitoring, control and import more scientific farming system to prevent the diseases effectively and solve pollution problem. It is hoped that through the conclusions and recommendations of this study, it will be possible to provide more information on industry-related information to Taiwanese investors who wish to invest in aquaculture industry in Malaysia.

目錄
論文審定書……………………………………………………………………..……i
誌謝………………………………………………………………………….….……ii
摘要………………………………………………………………………….….……iii
Abstract………..…………………………………………………………….…....…iv
目錄…………………………………………………………………………….……vi
圖次…………………………………………………………………………….……vii
表次…………………………………………………………………………….……viii
第一章 緒論………………………………………………………………………..1
第一節 研究背景與動機……………………………………………………..1
第二節 研究目的……………………………………………………………..2
第三節 研究流程……………………………………………………………..3
第四節 研究範圍與限制……………………………………………………..4
第二章 產業趨勢……………….………………………………………………….5
第一節 全球水產養殖產業趨勢……………..………………………………5
第二節 馬來西亞水產養殖產業現況................…………………………...15
第三章 文獻探討………………………………………………………………….25
第一節 資源基礎理論……………………………………………………….25
第二節 核心資源與核心能力……………………………………………….29
第三節 競爭優勢與策略…………………………………………………….32
第四章 研究設計…………………………………………………………...….….37
第一節 研究結構………………………………………………………….…37
第二節 研究模式…………………………………………………………….38
第三節 研究方法………………………………………………………….…40
第五章 馬來西亞台資水產養殖業的實證分析……………………………….…44
第一節 個案公司簡介…….…………………………………...………….…44
第二節 經營現況與發展型態分析……………..…………………..…….…49
第三節 核心資源與競爭優勢……...………………………………….….…63
第四節 獨特能力及其經營策略…………………………………………….69
第六章 結論與建議………………………………………………….………...….73
第一節 結論……………………………………………………………….…74
第二節 建議……………………………………………………………….…76
第三節 管理意涵………………………………………………………….…78
參考文獻…………………………………………………………….………..……79
附錄 個案訪談內容………………………………………………….……………82

參考文獻
一、 中文
吳芝儀、李奉儒譯，1995，質的評鑑與研究，台北：桂冠出版社。
吳思華，1996，策略九說，台北：臉譜出版社。
中國水產流通與加工協會，2016，全球水產養殖論壇-論文集，中國廈門。
張峻齊，2016，「亞太水產養殖展覽會-出國報告書」，台北：財團法人農業科技研究院。

二、英文
Aaker, D.A. 1984. Developing business strategies. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Anon. 2004. Annual fisheries statistics. Department of Fisheries Malaysia, Ministry of Agriculture and Afro-Based Industry, 1: 217.
Ansoff, H.I. 1965. Corporate strategy. New York: McGraw-Hill
Ansoff, H.I. 1984. Implanting strategic management. UK: Prentice Hall
Barney, J.B. 1991.Firm Resources and sustained competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1): 99-120.
Coyne, K.P. 1986. Sustainable competitive advantage: What it is and what it isn’t. Business Horizons, 29(1): 54-61.
Grant, R.M. 1991. The Resource-based theory of competitive advantage: Implications for strategy formulation.California Management Review, Spring: 114-135.
Hamel, G. and Prahalad, C.K. 1990. The core competence of corporation. Harvard Business Review, 68 (3), 79-91.
Hamel, G. 1994. The concept of core Competence. In Hamel, G. and Heene, A (Eds.), Competence-based competition, 11-33. New York: Wiley.
Hill, C.W. and Jones, G.R. 1998. Strategic management theory, Ed. 4. Boston, MA: Houghton Miffilin Company.
Hofer, C.W. and Schendel, D. 1978. Analytical concepts: Strategy formulation. Minnesota: West Publishing
Javidan, M. 1998. Core competence: What does it mean in practice?. Long Range Planning, 31(1): 60-71.
Mintzberg, H. 1992. Five Ps for strategy. In H. Mintzberg and J. B. Quinn (eds.). The strategy process. 12-19. NJ: Prentice-Hall International Editions
Morris A. Copeland, 1934. The Theory of Monopolistic Competition, Journal of Political Economy, 42(4): 531-536
Penrose, E. 1959. The theory of the growth of the firm. Oxford: Basil Blackwell and New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Porter, M.E. 1980. Competitive advantage. New York: Free Press
Porter, M.E. 1985. Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance. New York: Free Press.
Wernerfelt, B. 1984. A Resource-base view of firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5(2):171-180.
Gopinath, N. and Chin, C.W. 1998. Marine Finfish Culture. In N. Gopinath and T. Singh (editors). Aquaculture Practices in Malaysia. Malaysian Fisheries Society Occasional Publication No.9.81-86. Selangor: UPM, Serdang.
Ministry of Finance Malaysia. 2004. Malaysia: Key Economic Data.
Shariff, M. and Subasinghe, R.P. 1993. Disease in Malaysian aquaculture. In R.P. Subasinghe and M. Shariff (eds.). Diseases in aquaculture: The current issues. Malaysian Fisheries Society Serdang Selangor.
Thalathiah, S. 1988. First successful attempt to induce breed, baung river catfish, Mystus nemurus (C&V) at Batu Berendam. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference, Malaysian Society of animal Production, 53-55.
Thalathiah, S. and Hamilah, H. 1986. A study on the breeding aspects of Paangasius sutchi (Fowler) in Melaka. In: Chan, H.H., K.J. Nag, A.T. law, M. Mohr.- Abraham, O. Ishak (eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference on the Development and Management of Tropical Living Aquatic Resources, Serdang Selangor, 2-5 August, 1983. Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, Serdang, 52-57.

三、網路
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation (FAO)，2016，「海水養殖物種統計」，http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3720c.pdf
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation (FAO)，2016，「國家水產養殖部門概況」http://www.fao.org/fishery/countrysector/naso_malaysia/zh#tcN70019
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation (FAO)，2016，「Kedah State Fisheries (Riverine) Rules」，https://www.google.com.tw/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiPrfeo49XSAhWEpZQKHQ4oA3kQFggbMAA&url=http://www.fao.org/figis/pdf/fishery/legalframework/nalo_malaysia/en?title=FAO Fisheries & Aquaculture - National Aquaculture Legislation Overview - Malaysia&usg=AFQjCNGT3nNEcpo_NpTkSUqESAv0CDqFSg&sig2=bdMY9GJbO5QRgZxVFAa2HQ
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation (FAO)，2016，「Perak State Fisheries (Riverine ) Rules」，https://www.google.com.tw/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiPrfeo49XSAhWEpZQKHQ4oA3kQFggbMAA&url=http://www.fao.org/figis/pdf/fishery/legalframework/nalo_malaysia/en?title=FAO Fisheries & Aquaculture - National Aquaculture Legislation Overview - Malaysia&usg=AFQjCNGT3nNEcpo_NpTkSUqESAv0CDqFSg&sig2=bdMY9GJbO5QRgZxVFAa2HQ
Global Aquaculture Alliance (GAA)，2016，「全球水產養殖聯盟簡介」，http://gaalliance.org/。
Laws of Malaysia，1985，「Fisheries Act No.317」，http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/mal1869.pdf
劉鷹，2016，「全球水产养殖论坛」，http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_14ecf4b260102wq57.html
張瀚元，2005，「淺談水產養殖」，http://www.taifer.com.tw/taifer/tf/046004/27.htm。
張峻齊，2016，「從2016全球水產養殖論壇來看全球水產養殖脈動與創新水產養殖趨勢」，http://atiip.atri.org.tw/Report/PubReportShow.aspx?rpt_guid=ab5f9a55-cbad-4e88-96ce-ba01a5e7589f。