家族企業在臺灣社會扮演了重要角色，這也是華人社會中常見的企業型態，也因為在企業內部不論是經營權、所有權，亦或是重要的管理角色幾乎都是由親人或親密友人所擔任，使得公司內部階級制度和充斥著關係 (Guanxi)的概念，所以在上司-部屬間存在著濃厚地信任與溝通問題。因此關於家族與企業的治理問題，及組織的職責分配和權力劃分就變成一個重要的課題。本研究目的在於探討家族企業中管理者的關係類型、人格特質與其所擁有的權力和領導部屬行為間之關聯性。
本研究主軸係以華人社會中獨特的關係為基礎，衍生出關係類型和知覺關係兩種型式，並結合了內外控人格特質、權力基礎和領導行為等概念而導出研究模型。並針對臺灣中部和南部地區147家金屬加工業中的家族企業進行問卷調查，共回收332份有效問卷。經過單因子變異數分析和階層迴歸分析後發現，家族企業中不同關係類型的管理者所擁有的權力和對待部屬的影響策略均有所不同；擁有越多職位權的管理者，尤其是屬於家人關係的管理者，在對待部屬上越會使用剛強果斷的方式。而內控型的管理者，不論其擁有職位權或是個人權，均與逢迎策略間的成正向關係。
就企業運作而言，關係是一種獨特且重要的資源，它可以填補制度模糊或法規無法保護的部分，以保障個人應有的權力；因此，在該企業中建立或保持良好的關係，雖然不一定會得利，但一定不會吃虧。此外，屬於朋友關係的管理者在家族企業中扮演著橋梁的角色，以補足家人關係的管理者過於剛強的影響策略，是一種使企業順利運作的潤滑劑。為了完成組織賦予的目標和提升整體的工作績效，建議這類型的企業應該多重視人和的概念，維持企業內部良好的溝通管道。

The family business is a common business model among the Chinese community, and it has played an important role in the Taiwan society as well. However, this type of organization structure often causes communication problems between supervisor and subordinate, and it is because that the management, ownership and other pivotal positions of management are assigned to family or close friends. Thus, how to manage between family affairs, business, and distribution of responsibilities for the family business becomes an issue. The purpose of this study is to investigate the guanxi type and personalities of managers in the family business, as well as the correlation between managers’ power and their influence tactics to the subordinates.
The core of this study is based on the guanxi theory, and it is divided to guanxi type and perceived guanxi. The research model has combined locus of control, power based and influence tactics. We conducted a questionnaire survey from the 147 family businesses of metal processing industry in midland and south Taiwan, collecting 332 valid samples from all returned questionnaires. Through ANOVA and hierarchical regression analysis, it is learnt that the manager’s power and influence tactics to the subordinates vary as the managers’ guanxi type changes. For managers, who possess more position power, especially those in the family guanxi, they are more likely to use assertive attitude when treating subordinates. As for the internal personality pattern managers, the power and the ingratiatory strategies are in direct proportion.
For the internal corporation, guanxi is an unique and vital resource, because it can fill the gap, which the system is vague or the law cannot contain, and ensure the personal power. Therefore, maintaining a good guanxi in business may not get you somewhere for sure, but it will not be a loss definitely. Besides, managers, who are in the friend guanxi, often play a bridging role to complement the function of those managers, who may use the assertive attitude too significantly in the family guanxi. In addition, this type’s managers also provide a “lubricant” effect in order to keep the family business running smooth. We recommend that family business owners should pay more attention to harmonious relationship, working environment, and internal communication channels in the organization as to attain the objectives and improve the overall performance in the family business.

論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
圖次 vii
表次 viii
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 .1
第二節 研究目的 5
第三節 研究流程 6
第四節 研究範圍與限制 7
第二章 文獻探討 8
第一節 家族企業 8
第二節 關係 (Guanxi) 11
第三節 權力基礎 19
第四節 領導行為 23
第五節 內外控人格特質 28
第三章 研究設計 33
第一節 研究架構 33
第二節 研究模式與假設 34
第三節 研究變數衡量方式與操作型定義 37
第四節 研究對象 42
第五節 資料分析方法 42
第四章 實證分析 45
第一節 樣本結構敘述與變數基本分析 45
第二節 管理者的權力基礎與知覺關係對領導行為之影響驗證 51
第三節 管理者的關係類型的干擾效果驗證 52
第四節 管理者的內外控人格特質的干擾效果驗證 60
第五章 結論與建議 68
第一節 結論 69
第二節 建議 74
第三節 管理意涵 77

參考文獻 79
附錄 86

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