本研究的目的是調查（1）團隊心理安全感與團隊探索式與利用式學習之間的關係，（2）人際網絡行為的中介效果，（3）在此關係中，親和性和勤勉審慎性的干擾效果。研究結果採用68個團隊，其中包括學生和職員之團隊來支持所提出的研究假設。研究指出在具有較高的親和性和勤勉審慎性的團隊中，團隊心理安全感對探索式學習的間接效果顯著，然而，團隊心理安全感對利用式學習的間接關係並不顯著。此外，當團隊成員親和性較高時，團隊心理安全感與外部人際網絡行為呈正相關；當團隊成員勤勉審慎性較高時，外部人際網絡行為與團隊利用式學習呈正相關。這份研究有助於理解在某種情況下，組織團隊參與人際網絡行為會促進團隊探索式和利用式學習。

The purpose of this study was to investigate (1) the relationships between team psychological safety and team exploratory and exploitative learning, (2) the mediating role of networking behaviors, and (3) the moderating role of agreeableness and conscientiousness played in this relationship. Results from 68 teams consisted of students and employees supported our hypothesized model. The conditional indirect effect of team psychological safety on exploratory learning was significant among team members with relatively high agreeableness and conscientiousness, whereas the indirect relationships of team psychological safety on exploitative learning was not significant among team members. Furthermore, team psychological safety was positively related to external networking behavior with relatively high agreeableness, and external networking behavior was positively related to team exploitative with relatively key role conscientiousness. The findings contribute to understanding how and under what circumstances, organizational teams engage in networking behavior to promote team exploratory and exploitative learning.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………………………….…………i
摘要……………………………………………………………….……………………..ii
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………….…………...iii
LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………………….……vii
LIST OF FIGURES…………………...………………………………………….......viii
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION……………………………….……………………..1
CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW AND HYPOTHESES………………….…6
Networking Behaviors……………...…………………………………………………6
Theoretical Development………………………………………………………..…6
Internal and External Networking Behavior (Team Level) ……………………..7
Internal and External Networking Behavior (Organization Level) ……………..8
Empirical Development……………………………………………………….……9
Antecedents of Networking Behaviors in Organizations………………..…..…..9
Outcomes of Networking Behaviors in Organizations ………………………...11
Antecedents of Networks and Networking Behaviors in Teams……………….13
Outcomes of Networks in Teams……..………………………………………...14
Hypotheses…………………………………………………………………...………16
The Relationship of Internal/External Networking Behavior with Team Exploratory/Exploitative Learning……………...……………………….…..……16
Conscientiousness As a Moderator of Relationship between Internal/External Networking Behavior on Team Exploratory/Exploitative Learning..…………..20
The Relationship of Team Psychological Safety with Internal/External
Networking Behavior………..................................................................................22
Agreeableness As a Moderator of Relationship between Team Psychological Safety and Internal/External Networking Behavior……………………………25
Team Psychological Safety and Team Exploratory/Exploitative Learning….........27
Moderated Mediation…………………………………………………………......29
CHAPTER 3. METHODS…………………….…………………………………...…32
Sample…………………………………………………………………………….....32
Procedure ……………………………………………………………………………32
Measures……………………………………………………………………………..33
Team Psychological Safety………………………………………………………..33
Internal and External Networking behavior…………………………………..…..34
Team Exploratory and Exploitative Learning………………….……………..…..35
Agreeableness and Conscientiousness……………………………………..……..35
Control Variables………………………………………………………..………...36
CHAPTER 4. RESULTS……………………………………………………………..37
Confirmatory Factor Analysis………………………..……………………………...37
Justification for Aggregation………………………………………………………...38
Tests of Hypotheses…………………………………………………………….....…42
The Relationship of Internal/External Networking Behavior with Team Exploratory/Exploitative Learning……………...……………………….…..……42
Conscientiousness As a Moderator of Relationship between Internal/External Networking Behavior on Team Exploratory/Exploitative Learning..…………..43
The Relationship of Team Psychological Safety with Internal/External
Networking Behavior……………………………………………………………..45
Agreeableness As a Moderator of Relationship between Team Psychological Safety and Internal/External Networking Behavior……………………………45
Team Psychological Safety and Team Exploratory/Exploitative Learning……….45
Moderated Mediation……………………………………………………………..47
CHAPTER 5. DISCUSSION………………………………………………………....52
Summary of Results………………………………………………………………….52
Implications………………………………………………………………………….52
Limitation and Future Research………………………………………………….….55
Conclusions………………………………………………………………………….57
REFERENCES………………………………………………………………………..58
APPENDIX FORMAL SURVEY A…………………………………....……..……...68
APPENDIX FORMAL SURVEY B………...…………………………….….………73

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