通訊軟體的使用雖可促進工作效率、降低組織的溝通成本，但「下班後主管用通訊軟體交辦工作」卻導致員工下班後仍需待機隨時工作、變相加班的情況越趨嚴重，儼然已成為員工的惡夢。為進一步探討下班後用通訊軟體交代工作對員工的負面影響為何，本研究依據「努力－恢復模式」論點，採取經驗抽樣法進行連續10個工作天、兩個不同時間點的問卷資料蒐集，共計來自62個不同組織、91位企業員工，751筆的每日資料。經由Mplus分析結果指出，下班後使用通訊軟體交辦工作會透過提升員工的高負向心情進而產生身心健康問題，且身心健康的問題會透過正向影響員工隔日一早的沮喪疲憊感，進而降低當日早上的任務績效表現。又本研究欲進一步深究員工與主管之間的關係(領導成員交換)及員工自身的人格特質(親和性)，是否會增強或是降低下班後收到主管用通訊軟體交辦工作對其負向心情的影響，使用階層線性模式分析結果顯示：領導成員交換關係越高，會減緩下班後收到通訊軟體交辦工作與員工高負向心情的關係；然而員工親和性越高，則此關係則會增強。本研究並依此結論提出管理意涵及建議以供未來後續研究的參考。

The advances of communication technology improve work efficiency and decrease the cost of communication in the organizations nowadays. However, employees’ work overtime also increases owing to receiving work assignments from supervisors via electronic communication during non-work time. Drawing from the Effort-Recovery model, this study used the experience sampling methodology to examine that if work assignments via electronic communication during non-work time brings negative effects on employees. Moreover, we explored whether leader-member exchange (LMX) and agreeableness of employees will moderate the relationship between work assignments via electronic communication during non-work time and negative affect. A total of 91 employees from 62 different organizations completed the daily questionnaire on ten successive workdays. As expected, the results of Mplus analysis suggested that work assignments via electronic communication during non-work time increased employees’ health problems at night via negative affect. The health problems in turn diminished job performance via employees’ depression and exhaustion the next morning. The results of hierarchical linear modeling indicated that relationship between work assignments via electronic communication during non-work time and negative affect will be buffered by leader-member exchange. Unexpectedly, agreeableness will strengthen the negative effect of work assignment via electronic communication during non-work time on negative affect. Implications, limitations, and future research directions are discussed.

摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
圖次 vii
表次 viii
第一章 緒論 1
第二章 文獻探討與假設推導 5
第一節 下班後主管用通訊軟體交辦工作與身心健康問題、任務績效的關係：努力-恢復模式的觀點 5
第二節 下班後主管用通訊軟體交辦工作與身心健康問題的關係：高強度負向心情的中介效果 6
第三節 員工當晚身心健康問題與隔日早上任務績效的關係：疲憊沮喪感的中介效果 7
第四節 下班後主管用通訊軟體交辦工作與員工高強度負向心情的關係：領導成員交換關係的干擾效果 8
第五節 下班後主管用通訊軟體交辦工作與員工高強度負向心情的關係：人格特質的干擾效果 10
第三章 研究方法 11
第一節 研究架構 11
第二節 研究樣本與施測程序 11
第三節 研究工具 14
第四節 驗證性因素分析 16
第五節 資料分析方式 17
第四章 研究結果 18
第一節 敘述性統計與相關係數表 18
第二節 假設檢定 19
第五章 結論與建議 23
第一節 研究結論與理論貢獻 23
第二節 管理意涵 24
第三節 研究限制與未來研究建議 26
參考文獻 28
附錄 35

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