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博碩士論文 etd-0620115-234828 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0620115-234828
論文名稱
Title
微貸型社會企業於網路借貸之商業模式與法規探討-以Kiva為個案研究
Exploring the Business Model and Regulations of Microfinance Social Enterprise Lending on the Internet: A Case Study of Kiva
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
55
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2015-06-30
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2015-07-21
關鍵字
Keywords
微型貸款、商業模式、網路借貸、法律規範、社會企業
Regulations, Social Enterprise, Microfinance, Internet Lending, Business Model
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5793 次,被下載 46
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5793 times, has been downloaded 46 times.
中文摘要
  社會企業自從1970年代開始萌芽後,企業自身獲利兼為社會利益貢獻的經營模式逐漸成為傳統商業界中的風潮,人類社會的發展與進步衍生出許多新需求,而這些帶有需求解決導向的企業證明社會理念可以被囊括在創新的商業模式中生存下去。本研究首先透過文獻探討社會企業的定義與型態,綜整普遍學者對於「社會企業」的看法,歸納出本研究定義之社會企業及所需具備的要素架構。第二,以社會企業起源型態之一的「微型貸款」為研究範圍,並挑選以網路平台作為放貸媒介的非營利組織Kiva作為個案研究,分析其創新的商業模式與社會企業意涵。最後,透過台灣及外國對網路借貸及社會企業的相關規範,檢視Kiva這種擁有社會理念、以小額放款幫助窮人的網路借貸平台在我國面臨的法律適用性及未來監管問題。
  本研究發現:一、Kiva這種微型貸款的網路借貸平台其商業模式能成功的關鍵因素在於與之合作的微型金融機構,隨著機構的數量增加所建立的品牌名聲,以及機構所揭露的借款者資訊形成龐大的雲端信用數據,讓Kiva在追蹤貸款流向及建立合作夥伴的審核機制形成規模經濟。二、台灣目前民間所提的「公益公司法草案」已具備本研究定義的社會企業所需要的要素,惟利潤分配的限制過於嚴格。三、網路借貸平台在台灣若無收取任何利差,給予放款人高於本金之報酬,則無違反干涉銀行業務的規範,並且以中間沒有銀行或其他金融機構參與分銷貸款的「個人對個人」放款形式最有發展空間。
Abstract
After the sprouting of social enterprise in 1970s, not only generating profit but also contributing to society becomes the most discussed and followed strategy in business world. There are a lot of new social demands derived from the development and progress of human society, while the history proves that these demand-solving enterprises can survive successfully with social purpose embedded in their business models. This study firstly explores the definition and categories of social enterprise by the literature review, and sums up the core elements and framework of social enterprise. Secondly, we choose the origin of social enterprise – microfinance as our study extent, and pick up the nonprofit organization Kiva, which is distributing money from Internet lenders to the poor as our case study to analyze its business model. Lastly, we review the regulations of Internet lending and social enterprise in United State, and summarize the feasibility to develop this kind of microfinance platform in Taiwan.
The study shows: (1) The key factor of the Kiva’s business model is its field partners, which are the Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) around the world. As the amount of MFIs increases, the plenty borrowers’ information helps Kiva build a huge database, which is useful for Kiva to track where the loan exactly went and establish a more accurate credit assessing mechanism. (2) The draft of Benefit Corporation Act in Taiwan is sufficient to include our social enterprise definition. The only issue need to be considering is the limitation of the profit distribution is too strict. (3) If the Internet lending platform in Taiwan doesn't pay back the return that is higher than the principal to lenders, then it didn’t violate the related laws in Taiwan.
目次 Table of Contents
論文審定書 ......................................................................................................... I
摘 要 ................................................................................................................... II
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... III
目 錄 ................................................................................................................... IV
圖 次 ................................................................................................................... V
表 次 ................................................................................................................... VI
第一章 緒論 ................................................................................................. 1
第一節 研究背景及動機 .......................................................................................... 1
第二節 研究目的 ...................................................................................................... 2
第三節 研究流程 ...................................................................................................... 2
第二章 文獻探討 ......................................................................................... 4
第一節 何謂社會企業 .............................................................................................. 4
第二節 微型貸款 ...................................................................................................... 9
第三節 網路借貸平台 ............................................................................................ 12
第四節 商業模式 .................................................................................................... 15
第三章 個案分析-KIVA ............................................................................ 18
第一節 創立背景與簡介 ........................................................................................ 18
第二節 組織的法律條件及架構 ............................................................................ 19
第三節 商業模式分析 ............................................................................................ 22
第四章 台灣發展微貸型網路集資平台之可行性 .....................................28
第一節 台灣微型貸款需求 .................................................................................... 28
第二節 台灣微型貸款現況 .................................................................................... 31
第三節 台灣法規適用性之探討 ............................................................................ 33
第五章 結論與建議 .....................................................................................41
第一節 研究結論 .................................................................................................... 41
第二節 研究建議 .................................................................................................... 43
參考文獻 ....................................................................................................... 45
參考文獻 References
一、 中文部分
1. 陳金貴, 2002, 非營利組織社會企業化經營探討, 新世紀智庫論壇, 19期, 39-51。
2. 鄭勝分, 2005, 歐美社會企業發展及其在台灣應用之研究, 歐美社會企業發展及其在台灣應用之研究, 國立政治大學公共行政學系博士論文。
3. 鄭勝分, 2007, 社會企業的概念分析, 政策研究學報, 7, 65-108。
4. 官有垣, 2007, 社會企業組織在台灣的發展, 中國非營利評論, 第1卷, 146-181。
5. 李衍儒, 2011, 美國、英國及香港特區政府社會企業的發展經驗對臺灣的政策啟示。
6. 黃信傑, 2013, 社會企業經營模式之驗證與分析, 國立政治大學企業管理學系碩士論文。
7. 江文頤, 2013, 商業模式對社會企業經營績效之影響, 元智大學管理學院經營管理碩士論文。
8. 蔡嘉昇, 2014, 從國外立法看臺灣社會企業之法制發展, 會計研究月刊348期。
9. 李鼎倫, 2014, 個人對個人貸款價值創造與平台策略之分析以-Lending Club 為例, 國立臺灣大學國際企業管理碩士在職專班論文。
10. 林雅燕, 2014, 新興募(資)方式-群眾募(資)行為之初探, 經濟研究, 14期, 152-172。
11. 陳明傑, 2014, 群眾募資制度適用於我國法制之探討, 東海大學法律學研究所碩士論文。

二、 英文部分
1. Dees, J. G., 1998, Enterprising nonprofits, Harvard Business Review, Vol.76, 55-67.
2. OECD, 1999, Social Enterprises, OECD.
3. Young, D. R., 2001, Organizational identity in nonprofit organizations strategic and structural implications, Nonprofit Management & Leadership, 12(2), 139-157.
4. Borzaga, C. & J. Defourny, (eds.) 2001, The Emergence of Social Enterprise, London and New York, Routledge, 350-370.
5. Defourny J. & Nyssens M., 2009, Conceptions of Social Enterprise and Social Entrepreneurship in Europe and the United States: Convergences and Divergences, Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, Vol. 1, No. 1, 32–53.
6. Mair, J. & Marti, I., 2006, “Social Entrepreneurship Research: A Source of Explanation, Prediction, and Delight”, Journal of World Business, Vol.41, 36-44.
7. Borzaga, C. & A, Santuari, 2003, New Trends in the Non-profit in Europe: The Emergence of Social Entrepreneurship, The Non-profit Sector in a Changing Economy, 31-59.
8. Salamon, L.M., 2002, The Tools of Government: A Guide to the New Governance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
9. Dees, J. G., 2004, “Social Entrepreneurship is About Innovation and Impact, Not Income,” Duke University: CASEconnection Newsletter.
10. Bradford, C. S., 2012, Crowdfunding and the Federal Securities Laws, Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2012, 1-150.
11. Osterwalder, A., 2004, The Business Model Ontology, University of Lausanne, Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales HEC, 173.
12. Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y., 2012, Business Model You: A One-Page Method For Reinventing Your Career, Wiley.
13. Johnson, M. W., Christensen, C. M. & Kagermann, H., 2008, Reinventing Your Business Model, Harvard Business Review 86, No. 12.
14. Everett, C. R., 2010, Group Membership, Relationship Banking and Loan Default Risk: The Case of Online Social Lending, Pepperdine University, 1-39.
15. Lehnera, O. M., 2013, Crowdfunding social ventures: a model and research agenda, Venture Capital, Vol. 15, No. 4, 289-311.
16. Lehnera, O. M. & Nichollsa, A., 2014, Venture Capital, Vol. 16, No. 3, 271-286.
17. Bajde, D., 2013, (Micro)Financing to Give: Kiva as a Gift-Market Hybrid, Consumer Culture Theory, Vol. 15, 209-223.
18. Flannery M., 2007, Kiva and the Birth of Person-to-Person Microfinance, innovations, Winter & Spring, Vol. 2, No. 1-2, Pages 31-56.

三、 研究報告
1. Golden K., Hewitt, A., Lewkowitz, M., McBane, M. & Torjman, L., 2009, Social Entrepreneurship: Social Venture Finance, MaRS Library.
2. Shanmugalingam, C., Graham, J., Tucker, S., Mulgan, G., 2011, GROWING SOCIAL VENTURES, NESTA.
3. Noya, A., Clarence, E., Meghnagi, M., & Levi, R. O., 2013, Policy Brief on Social Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial Activities in Europe, European Commission & OECD.

四、 網路資料
1. 新浪財經。英国P2P借贷行业的兴起与监管。2014年6月,取自:http://finance.sina.com.cn/money/bank/bank_hydt/20140617/143819437866.shtml。
2. 馮昌國律師。群眾募資的法律觀察。取自:科技報橘,2013年5月2, https://buzzorange.com/techorange/2013/05/21/roicks-talk-law-and-web-crowd-funding/。
3. 晓晖国际律师事务所。您想在美国成立非营利性机构吗?取自:http://www.yulegal.com/legalresources/corporate/nonprofit1_CN.html。
4. 王朋月, 李钧。中國P2P借貸服務行業白皮書:2013。取自:第一財經新金融研究中心, http://www.yicai.com/show_topic/2836672/。
5. 岳苏萌, 郭晓娴。美国P2P监管法律问题研究。取自:互联网金融与法律, 2014年5月, http://www.01caijing.com/html/ejr/1435_3786.html。
6. B Corporation. What are B Corps? Retrieved May, 2015, from http://www.bcorporation.net/what-are-b-corps
7. Benefit Corporation. Become a Benefit Corporation. Retrieved May, 2015, from http://benefitcorp.net/business/become-a-benefit-corporation
8. Bandini Chhichhia. The Rise of Social Stock Exchanges. Retrieved Jan, 2015, from Stanford Social Innovation Review, http://www.ssireview.org/blog/entry/the_rise_of_social_stock_exchanges
9. Georgia Quinn. UK & US Peer-to-Peer Regulation: Enlightened Touch vs. Square Peg Round Hole. Retrieved May, 2015, from Crowdfund Insider, http://www.crowdfundinsider.com/2014/05/38461-uk-us-peer-peer-regulation-enlightened-touch-vs-square-peg-round-hole/
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