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博碩士論文 etd-0623114-113922 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0623114-113922
論文名稱
Title
嵌入式系統軟體測試流程與準則之研究:以網通產業之消費性產品為例
Embedded System Software Testing Process and Criteria: Application on Consumer Products of Networking and Communication Industry
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
139
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2014-07-14
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2014-07-23
關鍵字
Keywords
軟體品保、軟體測試模型、嵌入式系統、嵌入式軟體、軟體測試
Embedded System, Embedded Software, Software Testing, Software Testing Model, Software Quality Assurance
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5849 次,被下載 2407
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5849 times, has been downloaded 2407 times.
中文摘要
由於嵌入式系統軟、硬體高度相關等特性,嵌入式軟體的開發和測試與一般商用軟體有很大的不同,隨著嵌入式系統在消費性產品的蓬勃發展,功能與應用日趨複雜,加上近年來消費性產品生命週期短暫,開發時程緊迫導致開發階段交疊,嵌入式系統的軟體品質保證部門正面臨諸多的挑戰。目前仍有許多企業缺乏良好的軟體測試流程,直到整合測試階段才開始從事軟體的測試工作,分配給軟體測試的時間經常不足,且軟、硬體仍充滿變數,易導致產品上市後發生品質不佳的問題,不但增加企業的經營成本,更會損害企業的品牌形象。
面臨以上種種問題,國內外卻少有關於嵌入式系統軟體品保流程制度的研究。一個好的工作流程可以提升工作績效、降低專案品質因人員異動造成的變異。企業之軟體品保部門,實有必要建立一套嵌入式系統軟體測試流程,並據此進行測試工作,盡可能且及早發現系統的缺陷,確保日益重要的嵌入式系統產品之品質與可靠性。
本研究採用設計科學研究法(Design Science Research Methodology),挑選產品最早具備網路連線能力的網通產業作為研究目標,聚焦於國內設計代工(ODM)消費性網通產品的企業,以軟體品保部門的角度出發,採納傳統軟體測試模型之優點,參考CMMI-DEV中確認與驗證兩個流程領域輔以軟體測試相關文獻,並融合嵌入式系統軟體之特性與軟體品保實務經驗,發展出一個嵌入式系統軟體測試流程。經深度訪談數間網通企業內部有經驗的軟體品保專家,改善並驗證本研究設計之流程的可行性後,提出一個能因應測試消費性網通嵌入式軟體困難點的測試流程,供業界的軟體品保部門實務運用參考,期望能改善嵌入式系統軟體不易測試之問題。
Abstract
Owing to the characteristics of embedded system, developing and testing embedded software differs considerably from general software. With the increasingly demand in consumption goods, embedded system is complicated in its function and application; adding to the transient span of consumption goods and tight schedules in embedded system development, SQA (Software Quality Assurance) divisions are encountering enormous challenges. Without relative studies and a proper software testing process on embedded software, many SQA divisions usually do not start testing until in the integration test phase, during which the time for testing is insufficient. This causes problems such as product defects, unnecessary management cost, and corporate image damage. To deal with the problems, a proper working process can improve performance and reduce instability of the project quality causing by personnel adjustment. Further, to ensure the quality and reliability of embedded products, SQA divisions have to establish and comply with a proper software testing process for identifying defects as many and early as possible.
This study selects networking and communication industry as the object of study and focuses on domestic ODM enterprises. From the perspective of their SQA divisions, this study bases on the characteristics of embedded system and adopts merits from conventional software testing models, literature, Validation & Verification process areas of CMMI-DEV, and their experiences to develop an ideal embedded system software testing process and criteria. After verified by experts, this testing process can help SQA divisions respond to the difficulties of testing embedded software.
目次 Table of Contents
論文審定書 ii
誌謝 iii
中文摘要 iv
英文摘要 v
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 4
1.3 研究範圍 4
第二章 文獻探討 5
2.1 嵌入式系統 5
2.1.1 嵌入式系統的定義 5
2.1.2 嵌入式系統的特性 7
2.1.3 嵌入式系統的挑戰 11
2.2 軟體品質保證 13
2.2.1 軟體品質保證的定義 13
2.2.2 軟體品質保證的目的 13
2.2.3 軟體品質保證的工作 14
2.3 軟體測試 14
2.3.1 軟體測試的定義 14
2.3.2 軟體測試的目的 15
2.3.3 軟體測試的模型 16
2.4 能力成熟度整合模式 21
第三章 研究設計 23
3.1 研究方法與流程 23
3.2 資料收集與分析 26
3.2.1 專家深度訪談 26
3.2.2 訪談對象 27
3.2.3 訪談大綱 28
3.2.4 訪談結果 31
3.2.5 改進本研究設計的流程 38
第四章 嵌入式系統軟體測試流程 40
4.1 嵌入式系統架構 40
4.1.1 硬體層(H/W) 41
4.1.2 作業系統層(OS) 41
4.1.3 應用層 42
4.1.4 使用者介面層(UI) 42
4.1.5 配件 43
4.1.6 外部裝置/環境 44
4.2 嵌入式系統開發流程 45
4.2.1 需求分析 45
4.2.2 制訂系統規格 46
4.2.3 設計系統硬體 47
4.2.4 設計系統軟體 47
4.2.5 整合測試 48
4.2.6 試產與量產 49
4.2.7 維護 49
4.3 嵌入式系統軟體測試流程 51
4.3.1 制訂軟體品保流程、品質目標 57
4.3.2 建立測試案例與缺陷報告的管理平台 58
4.3.3 品保人員參與專案啟動會議 59
4.3.4 索取需求分析結果瞭解重點 60
4.3.5 初步安排測試的重點與資源 61
4.3.6 索取規格書並注意其異動 61
4.3.7 與研發部門同步研讀規格書 62
4.3.8 細部安排測試案例項目、資源、時程 63
4.3.9 執行測試工作的資源準備、人員訓練 64
4.3.10 完善測試案例步驟、計算時間 65
4.3.11 優先開發並測試說明書與使用者介面 66
4.3.12 研讀軟體內部的模組、資料關係圖 67
4.3.13 注意硬體異動,選擇應測試的硬體版本 68
4.3.14 注意規格書的異動,並進行版本管理 69
4.3.15 執行基本測試 70
4.3.16 根據版本資訊界定測試項目 70
4.3.17 執行系統測試、認證測試 72
4.3.18 增補測試案例並更精確地估算時間 74
4.3.19 測試完成後提出缺陷報告、趨勢圖 75
4.3.20 執行迴歸測試 75
4.3.21 執行β測試 76
4.3.22 品保人員參與結案會議並檢討專案 77
4.3.23 保存與專案相關的資料成為測試資產 78
4.3.24 其它工作項目 79
4.4 本流程因應嵌入式系統的特性、挑戰之道 80
4.5 本研究之鑽石模型與傳統軟體測試模型比較 81
4.6 專家驗證 84
第五章 結論與建議 91
5.1 結論 91
5.2 建議 94
5.3 研究限制與未來研究方向 95
參考文獻 96
附錄 101
一、訪談大綱附件 101
二、專家訪談逐字稿 105
參考文獻 References
中文部分
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英文部分
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