Responsive image
博碩士論文 etd-0628114-133215 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0628114-133215
論文名稱
Title
探討ICT使用者的科技壓力-聚焦於壓力的對抗機制
A Study of ICT Users' Technostress- Focus on Technostress Coping Mechanisms.
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
124
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2014-07-01
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2014-08-01
關鍵字
Keywords
社會支持、自我效能、壓力來源、科技壓力、壓力對抗機制
Self-efficacy, Stressor, Technostress, ICT, Social Support, Coping Mechanisms
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 6005 次,被下載 113
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 6005 times, has been downloaded 113 times.
中文摘要
因為ICT(Information Communication Technology)在組織中的普及,幾乎每個組織都採用ICT來進行工作、營運。然而,由於近年來行動運算(Mobile Computing)的普及化,大多數的員工都擁有智慧型手機、平板電腦或筆記型電腦等行動設備,可供其隨時使用上網及使用ICT。因此,ICT的使用,也對員工、組織帶來了巨變。儘管ICT帶來許多好處,但也為組織帶來了負面影響,像是使員工感到焦慮、不滿意、工作超載、甚至拒絕使用,這些由於在工作上使用ICT而產生的負面情緒則被稱為「科技壓力(Technostress)」。
由於在組織當中,科技壓力的問題越來越嚴重,因此,本研究欲對科技壓力進行研究,而過去的文獻已經有許多在探討科技壓力的來源、對員工與組織造成的影響,然而,對於「如何對抗科技壓力」這個議題的研究,儘管過去文獻中有談到,也都是以單一觀點來探討,並無法有效的提供組織完整的建議與方針,因此,從全面的觀點來探討如何對抗科技壓力是亟需的。因此,本研究主旨在從全面的角度對「如何對抗科技壓力」這個議題進行探討與研究,並且再次探討科技壓力的形成、來源與其對員工的影響。
本研究量測對象為在台灣工作且工作上會使用ICT的員工,本研究共蒐集了278份有效樣本,並且,本研究採用實證研究方法,以十五個研究假設來驗證研究模型,並且利用SmartPLS與SPSS軟體來進行檢驗。研究結果發現,ICT特性當中,假性出勤與資訊超載會促使壓力來源的產生。而壓力來源會使員工產生壓力反應,進而降低員工對組織與職業的承諾,最後可能導致員工離職與公司的損失。此外,本研究以三個觀點來看對抗科技壓力的機制,就組織工作設計觀點來說,提升員工的工作自主權是最有效的對抗機制;就科技支援觀點來說,提升員工的ICT素質是最有效的對抗機制;就非科技支援觀點來說,提升員工使用ICT工作的自我效能,是最有效的對抗機制。
總而言之,有別於過去文獻,本研究以全面的觀點來探討哪些機制可以用來對抗科技壓力,本研究以許多科技壓力相關文獻為基礎,更加深入的探討科技壓力的形成、來源、影響與對抗機制。期望藉由本研究,能提供後續研究一個良好的參考架構,並提供組織的管理者及員工良好、明確的指導方針與科技壓力解決方法,使科技壓力對組織、員工造成的損害降到最低。
Abstract
Because of the prosperity of ICT (Information Communication Technology) usage and Mobile Computing in organizations, almost every organization adopted ICT to ac-complish works and operation. Besides, most of employees have smart phones, tablet computers and notebooks, which enable them to surf the Internet and use ICTs anytime. Therefore, the usage of ICTs bring about great changes to employees and organizations, not only some benefits but also some negative effects including anxiety, dissatisfaction, overload and even rejection toward using ICTs. These negative emotions due to use of ICTs at work are called “Technostress”.
Because technostress have become a more critical problem, we want to conduct a research on it. However, there are already some literatures discussing the sources of technostress and the effects bring to employees and organizations. Although there are some research discussing about “How to cope with technostress?”, they only view from single perspective that can’t provide complete suggestions for organizations to adopt. Therefore, our research focuses on discussing “How to cope with technostress” from comprehensive perspectives.
The subject of our survey is the employee who uses ICT at work in Taiwan. We have received 278 effective samples. In this research, we apply empirical survey meth-odology and propose 15 hypotheses to examine our research model. We use software SmartPLS and SPSS to examine our samples.
The research results indicate that presenteeism and information overload will acti-vate stressors. And, stressors will result in strain and further reduce employees’ organi-zation and career commitments. Besides, we view coping mechanisms from three per-spectives. From organizational work design perspective, improve decision latitude is most effective way to cope with strain. From technical supports perspective, literacy fa-cilitation is the most effective way to cope with strain. And, from non- technical sup-ports perspective, enhancing employees’ self-efficacy toward using ICTs is the most ef-fective way to cope with strain.
Overall, distinct from prior literatures, our research discusses coping mechanisms from comprehensive perspectives. We take various related literatures as basis, research thoroughly into the formation, sources, effects and coping mechanisms of technostress. Hoping that our research will become a significant reference and provide organization and managers clear guidelines and solutions to cope with strain and further minimize the loss organization experience.
目次 Table of Contents
1. Introduction..........................................................................................................1
2. Theoretical Background ........................................................................................7
2.1 Understanding Stress and Technostress ..............................................................7
2.2 The outcome of strain .......................................................................................18
2.3 Coping Mechanisms for Technostress ................................................................23
3. Research Model and Hypotheses ........................................................................32
3.1 Research Model ...............................................................................................32
3.2 Research Hypotheses ......................................................................................33
3.2.1 ICT characteristics activate stressor ................................................................33
3.2.2 Strain Caused by Stressors ............................................................................35
3.2.3 Strain Affect Employees’ Commitment ............................................................38
3.2.4 Strain Coping Mechanism ..............................................................................40
3.3 Sampling and Data Collection ............................................................................48
3.4 Constructs and Measurements ..........................................................................50
4. Data Analysis.................................................................................................... 59
4.1 Sample Demographics ......................................................................................59
4.2 Common Method Variance ................................................................................64
4.3 Reliability and Validity ......................................................................................68
4.3.1 Cross Factor Loading ....................................................................................78
4.4 Reflective Second Order Constructs ...................................................................83
4.5 Hypothesis Test: The Structural Model ...............................................................85
4.6 Discussion ......................................................................................................91
4.6.1 ICT characteristics activate stressors ..............................................................91
4.6.2 Strain Caused by Stressors ............................................................................92
4.6.3 Strains Affect Employees’ Commitment ...........................................................93
4.6.4 Strain Coping Mechanism ..............................................................................94
5. Conclusion and Implications ................................................................................98
5.1 Conclusion ......................................................................................................98
5.2 Academic Implications ......................................................................................99
5.3 Practical Implications ......................................................................................101
5.4 Limitation and Suggestions for Future Study .....................................................103
Reference.............................................................................................................104
Appendix (Questionnaire) ..................................................................................... 111
參考文獻 References
Ahmad, U., Amin, S., & Ismail, W. (2009). The impact of technostress on organizational commitment among Malaysian academic librarians. Singapore Journal of Library and Information Management, 38, 103-23.
Alge, B. J. (2001). Effects of computer surveillance on perceptions of privacy and pro-cedural justice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(4), 797-804.
Arnetz, B. B., & Wiholm, C. (1997). Technological stress: Psychophysiological symp-toms in modern offices. Journal of psychosomatic research, 43(1), 35-42.
Avolio, B. J., Zhu, W., Koh, W., & Bhatia, P. (2004). Transformational leadership and organizational commitment: Mediating role of psychological empowerment and moderating role of structural distance. Journal of organizational behavior, 25(8), 951-968.
Ayyagari, R., Grover, V., & Purvis, R. (2011). Technostress: Technological antecedents and implications. MIS Quarterly, 35(4), 831-858.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psy-chological review, 84(2), 191-215.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: a social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice-Hall.
Barbeite, F. G., & Weiss, E. M. (2004). Computer self-efficacy and anxiety scales for an Internet sample: Testing measurement equivalence of existing measures and de-velopment of new scales. Computers in Human Behavior, 20(1), 1-15.
Beehr, T. A., (1998). An Organizational Psychology Meta-Model of Occupational Stress. In Cooper, C. L. (Eds.), Theories of Organizational Stress (pp.6-27). New York: Oxford University Press.
Behson, S.J., Eddy, E.R., & Lorenzet, S.J. (2000). The importance of the critical psy-chological states in the job characteristics model: A meta-analytic and structural equations modeling examination. Current Research in Social Psychology, 5(12), 170–189.
Bollen, K., & Lennox, R. (1991). Conventional Wisdom on Measurement: A Structural Equation Perspective. Psychological Bulletin, 110(2), 305-314.
Brillhart, P. E. (2004). Technostress in the workplace: Managing stress in the electronic workplace. Journal of American Academy of Business, 5(1), 302-307.
Brod, C. (1984). Technostress: The human cost of the computer revolution. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Burke, M. S. (2009). The incidence of technological stress among baccalaureate nurse educators using technology during course preparation and delivery. Nurse educa-tion today, 29(1), 57-64.
Burke, R. J., & Cooper, C. L. (2000). The organization in crisis: Downsizing, restruc-turing, and privatization. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959). Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 56(2), 81-105.
Caplan, G. (1974). Support systems and community mental health: Lectures on concept development. New York: Behavioral Publications.
Caro, D. H., & Sethi, A. S. (1985). Strategic management of technostress. Journal of medical systems, 9(5-6), 291-304.
Cartwright, S., & Cooper, C. L. (1997). Managing workplace stress. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Chin, W.W. (1998). Issues and opinions on structural equation modeling, MIS Quarterly, 22(1), 7–16.
Chiu, C. M., Hsu, M. H., Sun, S. Y., Lin, T. C., & Sun, P. C. (2005). Usability, quality, value and e-learning continuance decisions. Computers & Education, 45(4), 399-416.
Clark, K., & Kalin, S. (1996). Technostressed Out? How to Cope in the Digital Age. Li-brary Journal, 121(13), 30-32.
Cohen, S., Gottlieb, B. H., & Underwood, L. G. (2001). Social relationships and health: Challenges for measurement and intervention. Advances in Mind-Body Medicine, 17(2), 129-41.
Compeau, D. R., & Higgins, C. A. (1995). Computer self-efficacy: Development of a measure and initial test. MIS Quarterly, 19(2), 189-211.
Compeau, D., Higgins, C. A., & Huff, S. (1999). Social cognitive theory and individual reactions to computing technology: a longitudinal study. MIS Quarterly, 23(2), 145-158.
Cooper, C. L., Dewe, P. J., & O'Driscoll, M. P. (2001). Organizational stress: A review and critique of theory, research, and applications. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publica-tions.
Curtis, A. J. (2000). Health psychology. London: Routledge.
Cutrona, C. E., & Russell, D. W. (1990). Type of social support and specific stress: To-ward a theory of optimal matching. In Sarason, B. R., Sarason, I. G. & Pierce, G. R. (Eds.), Social Support: an Interactional View (pp. 319-366). New York: John Wiley.
Cutrona, C. E., & Suhr, J. A. (1992). Controllability of stressful events and satisfaction with spouse support behaviors. Communication Research, 19(2), 154-174.
Cutrona, C. E., & Troutman, B. R. (1986). Social support, infant temperament, and par-enting self-efficacy: A mediational model of postpartum depression. Child devel-opment, 57(6), 1507-18.
Darr, W., & Johns, G. (2008). Work strain, health, and absenteeism: a meta-analysis. Journal of occupational health psychology, 13(4), 293-318.
Demerouti, E., Le Blanc, P. M., Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W. B., & Hox, J. (2009). Pre-sent but sick: a three-wave study on job demands, presenteeism and burnout. Ca-reer Development International, 14(1), 50-68.
Dess, G. G., & Shaw, J. D. (2001). Voluntary turnover, social capital, and organizational performance. Academy of Management Review, 26(3), 446-456.
Dew, K., Keefe, V., & Small, K. (2005). ‘Choosing’to work when sick: workplace pres-enteeism. Social science & medicine, 60(10), 2273-82.
Eddy, E. R., Stone, D. L., & Stone‐romero, E. E. (1999). The effects of information management policies on reactions to human resource information systems: An in-tegration of privacy and procedural justice perspectives. Personnel Psychology, 52(2), 335-358.
Fisher, W., & Wesolkowski, S. (1999). The social and economic costs of technology re-sistance. IEEE Canadian Review, 31, 14-17.
Fornell, C., & Bookstein, F. L. (1982). Two structural equation models: LISREL and PLS applied to consumer exit-voice theory. Journal of Marketing research, 19(4), 440-452.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unob-servable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 18(1), 39-50.
Gorry, G. A., & Morton, M. S. S. (1971). A framework for management information systems. Sloan Management Review, 13(1), 55-70.
Goulet, L. R., & Singh, P. (2002). Career commitment: a reexamination and an extension. Journal of vocational behavior, 61(1), 73-91.
House, J. S. (1981). Work stress and social support. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Hudiburg, R. A., & Necessary, J. R. (1996). Coping with computer-stress. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 15(2), 113-124.
Ivancevich, J. M., Napier, H. A., & Wetherbe, J. C. (1983). Occupational stress, attitudes, and health problems in the information systems professional. Communications of the ACM, 26(10), 800-806.
Jarvis, C. B., MacKenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, P. M. (2003). A Critical Review of Con-struct Indicators and Measurement Model Misspecification in Marketing and Con-sumer Research. Journal of Consumer Research, 30(2), 199-218.
Jex, S. M. (1998). Stress and job performance: Theory, research, and implications for managerial practice. Thousand Oaks, Calif. : Sage Publications.
Jex, S. M., & Beehr, T. A. (1991). Emerging theoretical and methodological issues in the study of work-related stress. Research in personnel and human resources management, 9(31), l-365.
Judge, T. A., Boudreau, J. W., & Bretz, R. D. (1994). Job and life attitudes of male ex-ecutives. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(5), 767-82.
Kahn, R. L., & Byosiere, P. (1992). Stress in organizations. In Dunnette, M. D., & Hough, L. M. (Eds.), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (pp. 571–650). Palo Alto, CA, US: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Karasek, R., & Theorell, T. (1992). Healthy work: stress, productivity, and the recon-struction of working life. New York: Basic books.
Kinman, G., & Jones, F. (2005). Lay representations of workplace stress: What do peo-ple really mean when they say they are stressed?. Work & Stress, 19(2), 101-120.
Kreiner, G. E. (2006). Consequences of work‐home segmentation or integration: a per-son‐environment fit perspective. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(4), 485-507.
Kumar, R., Lal, R., Bansal, Y., & Sharma, S. K. (2013). Technostress in Relation to Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment among IT Professionals. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3(12), 339.
Kuper, H., & Marmot, M. (2003). Job strain, job demands, decision latitude, and risk of coronary heart disease within the Whitehall II study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 57(2), 147-153.
Kupersmith, J. (2005). Library technostress survey results. Retrieved from http://www. jkup. net/stress-survey-2003. html.
Lawrence, S. A., Gardner, J., & Callan, V. J. (2007). The support appraisal for work stressors inventory: construction and initial validation. Journal of Vocational Be-havior, 70(1), 172-204.
Nasr, L. (2012). The relationship between the three components model of commitment, workplace stress and career path application to employees in medium size organi-zations in Lebanon. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Con-flict, 16(1), 72-87.
Liu, Y., Lee, Y., & Chen, A. N. (2011). Evaluating the effects of task–individual–technology fit in multi-DSS models context: A two-phase view. Decision Support Systems, 51(3), 688-700.
Locke, E. A. (1976). The Nature and Causes of Job Satisfaction. In Dunnette, M. D. (Eds.), Hand book of industrial and organizational psychology (pp, 1297-1349). New York: Holt, Reinhart & Winston.
McDermott, D. (1984). Professional burnout and its relation to job characteristics, sat-isfaction, and control. Journal of Human Stress, 10(2), 79-85.
McGrath, J. E. (1971). Social and psychological factors in stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 12(3), 265-267.
McGrath, J. E. (1976). Stress and behavior in organizations. In Dunnette, M. (Eds.), Handbook of Industrial Organizational Psychology (pp. 1351–1395). Chicago: Rand McNally Co., Inc.
Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organiza-tional commitment. Human resource management review, 1(1), 61-89.
Moore, J. E. (2000). One road to turnover: An examination of work exhaustion in tech-nology professionals. MIS Quarterly, 24(1), 141-168.
Nelson, D. L. (1990). Individual adjustment to information-driven technologies: a criti-cal review. MIS Quarterly, 14(1), 79-98.
Nelson, D. L., & Kletke, M. G. (1990). Individual adjustment during technological in-novation: A research framework. Behaviour & Information Technology, 9(4), 257-271.
Netemeyer, R. G., Boles, J. S., & McMurrian, R. (1996). Development and validation of work–family conflict and family–work conflict scales. Journal of applied psy-chology, 81(4), 400-409.
Nunnally, J.C. (1978). Psychometric Theory. New York: McGraw Hill.
O'Reilly, C. A. (1980). Individuals and information overload in organizations: is more necessarily better?. Academy of management journal, 23(4), 684-696.
Petter, S., Straub, D., & Rai, A. (2007). Specifying formative constructs in information systems research. MIS Quarterly, 31(4), 623-656.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and rec-ommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879-903.
Ragu-Nathan, T. S., Tarafdar, M., Ragu-Nathan, B. S., & Tu, Q. (2008). The conse-quences of technostress for end users in organizations: Conceptual development and empirical validation. Information Systems Research, 19(4), 417-433.
Shu, Q., Tu, Q., & Wang, K. (2011). The impact of computer self-efficacy and technol-ogy dependence on computer-related technostress: A social cognitive theory per-spective. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 27(10), 923-939.
Smith, M. J., Carayon, P., Sanders, K. J., Lim, S. Y., & LeGrande, D. (1992). Employee stress and health complaints in jobs with and without electronic performance mon-itoring. Applied Ergonomics, 23(1), 17-27.
Tarafdar, M., Tu, Q., & Ragu-Nathan, T. S. (2010). Impact of technostress on end-user satisfaction and performance. Journal of Management Information Systems, 27(3), 303-334.
Tarafdar, M., Tu, Q., Ragu-Nathan, B. S., & Ragu-Nathan, T. S. (2007). The impact of technostress on role stress and productivity. Journal of Management Information Systems, 24(1), 301-328.
Tarafdar, M., Tu, Q., Ragu-Nathan, T. S., & Ragu-Nathan, B. S. (2011). Crossing to the dark side: examining creators, outcomes, and inhibitors of technostress. Commu-nications of the ACM, 54(9), 113-120.
Taylor, S. E. (1999). Health psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Thatcher, J. B., & Perrewe, P. L. (2002). An empirical examination of individual traits as antecedents to computer anxiety and computer self-efficacy. MIS Quarterly, 26(4), 381-396.
Thomée, S., Eklöf, M., Gustafsson, E., Nilsson, R., & Hagberg, M. (2007). Prevalence of perceived stress, symptoms of depression and sleep disturbances in relation to information and communication technology (ICT) use among young adults–an ex-plorative prospective study. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(3), 1300-1321.
Tu, Q., Wang, K., & Shu, Q. (2005). Computer-related technostress in China. Commu-nications of the ACM, 48(4), 77-81.
Wang, K., Shu, Q., & Tu, Q. (2008). Technostress under different organizational envi-ronments: An empirical investigation. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(6), 3002-3013.
Weil, M. M., & Rosen, L. D. (1997). Technostress: Coping with technology@ work@ home@ play. New York: Wiley.
Williams, S., & Cooper, C. L. (1998). Measuring occupational stress: development of the pressure management indicator. Journal of occupational health psychology, 3(4), 306.
電子全文 Fulltext
本電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的,進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定,切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送,以免觸法。
論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:自定論文開放時間 user define
開放時間 Available:
校內 Campus: 已公開 available
校外 Off-campus: 已公開 available


紙本論文 Printed copies
紙本論文的公開資訊在102學年度以後相對較為完整。如果需要查詢101學年度以前的紙本論文公開資訊,請聯繫圖資處紙本論文服務櫃台。如有不便之處敬請見諒。
開放時間 available 已公開 available

QR Code