本研究以制度及演化經濟（IEE）的方法來探討台灣對美國的遊說。這種制度及演化經濟的方法包含多個領域並借用不同的學術理論，這些範圍從演化心理學、政治經濟思想、組織理論、經濟學、歷史學，到其他用於理解經濟及制度的有用工具。本研究由一些關於美國和台 歷史文獻中廣泛敘述的觀點導入，然後深入探討1950-2010
期間的美台軍售。在此說明這是我在國際學術方面第一次研究如此長時間的議題，非常巧的是，台灣關係法恰巧是在這60年期間的中間通過，使我的研究能夠就這兩個30年時間框架做一比較。然後，將此比較導入台灣遊說團體在美台軍售中的前後關係。所探討的四個遊說團體有：1）美台商業協會，2）台北經濟文化代表處(TECRO)、3）美國在台協會(AIT),以及4）美國台灣人公共事務會(FAPA)，從：1）個人、2）結構和3）互動結構等不同觀點來探討這些機構。此研究的主要動機在於了解台灣遊說團體的結構以及和互動結構，並驗證一個學生對管理方面的實際認知。本研究以自行發展之模型來探討一個說客在技巧、手腕和事業成功因素。

This study takes an Institutional and Evolutionary Economic (IEE) approach to exploring the Taiwan lobby in the United States. This IEE approach encompasses many fields and borrows theory from diverse disciplines. These range from evolutionary psychology, political economic thought, organizational theory, economics, history, to other helpful tools in understanding economics and institutions. My study starts with some preliminaries, a history of the U.S. and Taiwan, an extensive survey of literature in the field, then dives into the exploration of U.S. arms sales to Taiwan 1950-2010. It should be here stated that, to my knowledge, this is the first time such a time span has been tackled on the issue anywhere in international academia. What is so fortuitous is the fact that the Taiwan Relations Act was adopted in the middle of this 60-year timeframe, giving my study the ability to compare two 30-year timeframes. I then put this into the context of the Taiwan lobby while putting the Taiwan lobby in the context of arms sales. The four lobbies explored are: 1) The U.S.-Taiwan Business Council, 2) TECRO, 3) AIT and 4) FAPA. These institutions are explored from the: 1) individual, 2) structural and 3) structure of interaction perspectives. My main drive is to understand the structure and structure of interaction of the Taiwan lobby and to apply this with a practical understanding for a student of management. I offer my own model about what makes a lobbyist successful in his art, craft and business.

Table of Contents 5
Abstract 6
Preface 7
1. Dedication and Introduction 8
1.1 Purpose of Research 11
1.2 Taiwan and the United States 13
1.3 Research Questions 16
1.4 Methodology 23
1.5 Outline of Chapters 27
2. Literature Review 28
2.1 On Methodology 28
2.2 On Substance 42
3. The Taiwan Lobby – An Empirical Study 57
3.1 The Institution of Arms Sales to Taiwan, 3 Hypotheses 57
3.2 The Structure of the Taiwan Lobby, 5 Hypotheses 73
3.3 U.S.-Taiwan Business Council 74
3.4 Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office 87
3.5 American Institute in Taiwan 97
3.6 Formosan Association for Public Affairs 108
4. Candidate Explanations and Synthesis of the Lobby 116
4.1 Hypotheses One through Three 117
4.2 Hypotheses Four through Eigh 121
4.3 Synthesis and Expression 124
5. Conclusions 125
5.1 On the Individual 125
5.2 On Structure 127
5.3 On Structure of Interaction 128
5.4 Contribution to IEE, Knowledge of the Taiwan Lobby and Lobbying 129
5.5 Limits of Research 130
Appendix 131
Bibliography and References 132

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Institute Papers:
Whitehurst, Clinton H., Jr. (2000) ‘Taiwan’s Role in WWII Forgotten’, The Strom Thurmond Institute, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 2
Professional Group Presentations:
Samuels, Paul N. (2008) Presentation, Legal Action Center, Available at
http://www.facesandvoicesofrecovery.org/pdf/Lobbying_501(c)(3)_Nonprofits.pdf
CRS, GAO and other Government Reports Online:
Dumbaugh, Kerry, Underlying Strains in US-Taiwan Political Relations, 17: RL33684
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33684.pdf
Kan, Shirley A., Taiwan: Major U.S. Arms Sales Since 1990, 2: RL30957 http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/weapons/RL30957.pdf
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Arms Sales Data Sets Online:
Tension on the Rise from Arms Sales with data: “Set A”
http://www.bjreview.com.cn/print/txt/2010-01/29/content_244060.htm
ArmsControl.org data: “Set B”
http://www.armscontrol.org/act/1999_07-08/taija99
ArmsControl.org Data: “Set C”
http://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/taiwanarms
Interviews and Correspondence:
-Chen, Yu-Wen (2010aC) by e-mail on April 5, 2010
-Andersson, David E. (2010aA) by e-mail through 2009-2010. (Advisor)
-Hammond-Chambers, Rupert (2010aH) telephone interview held June 3, 2010.
-Hammond-Chambers, Rupert (2010bH) e-mail communication on June 9, 2010
-Green, Stephen (2010aG) in-person interview on April 23, 2010.
-Green, Stephen (2010bG) e-mail communication on May 3, 2010. (Wolff Letter)
-Hwang, Stephen (2009aH) in-person interview on July 20, 2009.
-Hwang, Stephen (2010bH) e-mail correspondence to questions on June 18, 2010
-Iris Ho (2010aI) on April 28, 2010
Nominated Interviews Predating Study:
-Gergen, David (2005T) in person conversation in Washington D.C.
-Tenet, George (2005G) in person conversation in Washington D.C.
Anonymous Interviews:
-“Person T”, (2010aT) in-person interview 2010.
-“Person T”, (2010bT) e-mail communication 2010.
-“Person M”, (2010aM) in person interview and base tour 2010.
Online Resources, Newspaper Articles, Online Articles:
Bickford, Thomas, J. (2005), Foreign Policy In Focus
http://www.fpif.org/reports/opportunities_risks_and_the_issue_of_taiwan
Fisher, Richard Jr. The Air Balance Over the Taiwan Straight (2010)
http://www.strategycenter.net/research/pubID.224/pub_detail.asp
Hammond-Chambers, Rupert, Defense News (2008)
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Jin, Canrong at University of Oklahoma (2002) Accessed 2010.
http://www.ou.edu/uschina/SASD/participants.html
Shih, Hsiu-chuan and Chao, Vincent Y. -France to Close Military Liaison Office in Taiwan- Thales (2010) http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2010/06/01/2003474382
van Swearingen, William Republic of China: Stephen S. F. Chen 
Twenty Years of the Taiwan Relations Act and BeyondU.S.-Taiwan Business Council Membership, Accessed 2009 http://www.washingtoninternational.com/cf/news.cfm?showpage=94
Wolf, Jim – Council Membership – U.S. Business Group Faults Bush of F-16 Delay (2007) http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-29545020070914
Online Dictionary:
Merriam-Webster Company (2010), Online Dictionary, Entry: “Emperical”, available at:
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/empirical
Charts Found Online:
CPI Inflation - DollarsandSense.org – (accessed 2010)
http://www.google.com.tw/imgres?imgurl=http://www.dollarsandsense.org/archives/2009/Inflation500x312.gif&imgrefurl=
Charts and Graphs Sources with Explanations:
Chart #s 1 and 1.1
Data Source (Not Adjusted) - Sources: Defense Security Cooperation Agency, China's February 2000 White Paper on Taiwan, UN Conventional Arms Register reprinted in ArmControl.org online last accessed (2010): http://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/taiwanarms
Chart # 2
Data Source (Not Adjusted): Shirley A. Kan, Taiwan: Major U.S. Arms Sales Since 1990, CLS Report for Congress (2010) http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/weapons/RL30957.pdf
CHART # 3
Data Source (Not Adjusted): Defense Security Cooperation Agency, China's February 2000 White Paper on Taiwan, UN Conventional Arms Register reprinted in ArmControl.org online last accessed (2010): http://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/taiwanarms
CHART # 4 * **
Data Source 1: (Not Adjusted): Defense Security Cooperation Agency, China's February 2000 White Paper on Taiwan, UN Conventional Arms Register reprinted in ArmControl.org online last accessed (2010): http://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/taiwanarms
* Data from 2001 and 2002 excluded in that Data source 2 picked up from 2001 onward
Data Source 2 (Not Adjusted): Shirley A. Kan, Taiwan: Major U.S. Arms Sales Since 1990, CLS Report for Congress (2010) http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/weapons/RL30957.pdf
**Includes the 2008 announced 6.4 billion dollar package which was not adjusted
CHART # 5 * ** ***
Data Source 1: (Not Adjusted): Defense Security Cooperation Agency, China's February 2000 White Paper on Taiwan, UN Conventional Arms Register reprinted in ArmControl.org online last accessed (2010): http://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/taiwanarms
* Data from 2001 and 2002 excluded in that Data source 2 picked up from 2001 onward
Data Source 2 (Not Adjusted): Shirley A. Kan, Taiwan: Major U.S. Arms Sales Since 1990, CLS Report for Congress (2010) http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/weapons/RL30957.pdf
**Includes the 2008 announced 6.4 billion dollar package which was not adjusted
Data Source 3: Jin Canrong: ***Highest figure found for Pre-TRA sales in researching this study
http://www.bjreview.com.cn/print/txt/2010-01/29/content_244060.htm
Figure Sources Citied Together:
Figure No. 2
Sources: http://www.gustavus.edu, http://www.copingskills4kids.net/amazing-brain-facts
Figure No. 5
Sources: http://www.weizmann.ac.il/complex/tlusty/images/neuralNetworks.gif
Figure No. 9
Sources: http://www.weizmann.ac.il/complex/tlusty/images/neuralNetworks.gif
Figure No. 11
Sources: http://www.weizmann.ac.il/complex/tlusty/images/neuralNetworks.gif
Figure No. 13
Sources: See Source: http://www.us-taiwan.org/defense/index.html
Figure No. 14
http://www.us-taiwan.org/defense/2006/agenda.html
List of References of Selected Information in Study Cited Together:
William Morrel, CIA:
http://www.faqs.org/cia/docs/36/0000497223/TAIWAN-OBJECTIONS-TO-APPOINTMENT-OF-TOM-SHOESMITH-AS-HEAD-OF-OUR-INSTITUTE-IN-T.html
David Laux, Greater China Fund:
http://www.taiwangreaterchinafund.com/CorporateManagement.aspx
Hammond-Chambers:
http://nextstepsearch.com/team.php
http://www.us-taiwan.org/council_staff.html
ROC-USA Business Council:
http://www.rocusabc.org.tw/modules/tinyd0/index.php?id=11
TECRO on Wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taipei_Economic_and_Cultural_Representative_Office
TECRO People:
http://www.taiwanembassy.org/US/ct.asp?xItem=11423&CtNode=2294&mp=12&xp1
TECRO Lobby Info:
http://www.taiwanembassy.org/content.asp?mp=12&CuItem=11488
TECRO and U.S. Lobbies:
http://www2.calhospital.org/Download/LegDayDC07_br.pdf?q=Download/LegDayDC07_br.pdf
U.S.-Taiwan FTA:
http://www.us-taiwanfta.org/news.asp?docid=91
AIT Wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Institute_in_Taiwan