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論文名稱 Title |
由M3觀點來看危機管理:3個個案 The M3 Perspective of Crisis Management: Three Cases |
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系所名稱 Department |
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畢業學年期 Year, semester |
語文別 Language |
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學位類別 Degree |
頁數 Number of pages |
66 |
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研究生 Author |
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指導教授 Advisor |
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召集委員 Convenor |
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口試委員 Advisory Committee |
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口試日期 Date of Exam |
2006-07-24 |
繳交日期 Date of Submission |
2006-09-06 |
關鍵字 Keywords |
關鍵決策、危機管理 M3 perspective, crisis management |
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統計 Statistics |
本論文已被瀏覽 5831 次,被下載 15 次 The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5831 times, has been downloaded 15 times. |
中文摘要 |
商業危機遍佈世界各角落,恩隆案、福特、等美國大公司,歐洲也不例外。 因此危機管理是非常重要的 在論文內容所討論的案子,通常是一連串連鎖錯誤所導致的,通常這些錯誤、連鎖錯誤或錯誤程序,主要都是人為因素,當主管面臨這些問題時的關鍵決策是非常重要的; 主管需要盡早將連鎖錯誤中斷。 |
Abstract |
All over the world, corporate scandals, big and small, affect our daily life. Since the beginning of the 21st century, major American corporations including WorldCom, Enron, Dynegy, Merk, Tyco, Lucent Technologies, Merrill Lynch, Global Crossing, and Health South were involved in corporate scandals. In Europe, accounting fraud and other criminal activities were uncovered at Switzerland’s Adecco, the Netherlands’ Ahold, and Parmalat, the Italian dairy concern whose owners defrauded investors of billions of dollars, including more than 1.5 billion US dollars from American investors. Crisis management is often portrayed as reactive activity directed at problems, usually arising from human error, and already escalating. The development of a crisis is often indeterminate rather than fixed. Crisis management can mean quick actions that prevent a triggering event as it unfolds or delayed action that mops up after the triggering event has run it course. In this paper, the proposed crisis management model is the M3 theory for managing multiple mistakes derived from Robert E. Mittelstaedt, Jr.’s book, “Will Your Next Mistake Be Fatal? Avoiding the Chain of Mistakes That Can Destroy Your Organization.” In this book, Mittelstaedt addresses errors in preparation, execution, strategy, and culture. He emphasizes that firms need to build internal control systems that will trigger clear and actionable alarms before “failure chains” accelerate beyond control. The process of Managing Multiple Mistakes (M3) can determine whether an organization ends up in a negative or positive light on the front page of a national newspaper. “The concept of Managing Multiple mistakes," Mittelstaedt writes, “is based on the observation that nearly all serious accidents, whether physical or business, are the result of more than one mistake. If we do not ‘break the chain’ of mistakes early, the damage that is done, and its cost, will go up exponentially… until the situation is irreparable.” |
目次 Table of Contents |
Table of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction 1.1 Background of Study --------------------------- 1 1.2 Purpose of Research --------------------------- 2 1.3 Methodology ----------------------------------- 3 Chapter 2. Literature Review 2.1 Crisis Derived from Execution ------------ 7 2.2 Lack of Preparation --------------------- 10 Chapter 3. Conceptual Framework 3.1 Definition ------------------------------ 17 3.2 The M3 Framework ------------------------ 18 Chapter 4. Enron 4.1 Background History ---------------------- 23 4.2 History of Deregulating Energy Market --- 25 4.3 Multiple Mistakes for Enron ------------- 26 Chapter 5. Dynegy 5.1 Background History --------------------------- 33 5.2 Project Alpha -------------------------------- 34 5.3 Multiple Mistakes for Dynegy ----------------- 36 Chapter 6. Ford Pinto 6.1 Background –Standard 301 -------------------- 41 6.2 Cost-Benefit Analysis ------------------------ 42 6.3 Multiple Mistakes for Ford Pinto-------------- 46 Chapter 7. Lessons Learned from the Study ------------- 51 Chapter 8. Conclusion --------------------------------- 53 Reference --------------------------------------------- 56 List of Figures Figure 1: A model of Crisis Management ------------------------------------------- 12 Figure 2: Chain of Crisis Development ---------------------------------------------- 19 Figure 3: Mistakes and Cost ----------------------------------------------------------- 20 Figure 4: Chain of Crisis Development for Enron ---------------------------------- 26 Figure 5: Chain of Crisis Development for Dynegy -------------------------------- 37 Figure 6: Photo of Burned Pinto ------------------------------------------------------- 41 Figure 7: Chain of Crisis Development for Ford Pinto ----------------------------- 46 List of Tables Table 1: Cost Benefit Analysis Table ------------------------------------------------- 45 Table 2: Table of Mistakes ------------------------------------------------------------- 52 |
參考文獻 References |
References Donaldson, T. (1984) Case Studies in Business Ethics George Richard T. DE., (1995) Business Ethics, 4th Edition, Pretice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. Hage, J., (1988) Futures of Organizations: Innovating to Adapt Strategy and Human Resources to rapid Technological change. Harrigan, K. R., (1985) Strategic Flexibility: A Management guide for changing times. Hartman, L. P., (2002) Perspectives in Business Ethics., 2nd Edition. McGraw-Hill Higher Education Hurst, N. E. (200)4. Corporate Ethics, Governance and Social Responsibility: Comparing European Business Practices to those in the United States. McGee, R W. (1992) Business Ethics and common Sense. Quorum Books Mitroff, I. I. and M. C. Alpaslan: (2003), “Preparing for Evil”, Harvard Business Review 81(4), 109-115. Mitroff, I. I., P. Shrivastava and F.E. Udwadia: (1987), “Effective Crisis Management”, The Academy of Management Executive 1(4), 283-293. Mittelsatdt, R. R. (2005), “Will Your Next Mistake Be Fatal? Avoiding the Chain of Mistakes That Can Destroy.” Wharton School Publishing. Paine, L. S (1997), “Cases in Leadership, Ethics, and Organizational Integrity: A Strategic Perspective.” Irwin/McGraw-Hill. Pearson, C. M. and A. C. Judith (1998), “Reframing Crisis Management”, Academy of Management Review 23(1), 59-76. Post, J. E., Lawrence, Anne T., Weber., James (1999) Business and Society: Corporate Strategy, Public Policy, Ethics, 9th Edition., Irwin/McGraw-Hill. Schwartz, P. (2000), “When Good Companies Do Bad Things”, Strategy and Leadership 28 (3):4-11 Simola, S. (2003), “Ethics of Justice and Care in Corporate Crisis Management”, Journal of Business Ethics 46(4), 351-361 Synder, R., M. Hall., J. Robertson, T. Jasinski., and J. S. Miller (2006), “Ethical Rationality: A Strategic Approach to Organizational Crisis”, Journal of Business Ethics 63: 371-383. Weick, K. E. (1988), “Enacted Sensemaking In Crisis Situations”, Journal of Management Studies 25(4): 305-318. |
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