本研究主要探討創業過程中團隊認同的概念，而為了有效且細緻地描述其形成與變化的過程，本研究採單一個案研究法，選擇了一家南部發跡的電子製造業（內文稱F公司），作為我研究的對象。
本研究最主要是透過人員訪談的方式蒐集資料，其中正式訪談共17小時，非正式訪談10小時，電訪則有2小時，共計花費29小時；除了以訪談蒐集一手資料外，次級資料也是本研究重要的資料來源與參考依據。
為了比較此技術創業團隊認同在創業前後的變化，本研究自訪談資料中發展了團隊認同的三個範疇—工作、學習與互動，並試著將形成此一團隊認同（team identity）與發生轉化的原因提出分析與說明。歷經將近一年的觀察與資料蒐集後，本研究的發現與結論如下：
一、本研究發現在團隊創業的模式中，初期有技術團隊認同（group identity）的存在，將有助於創業行為的驅動。其形成的機制，在於團體成員的「自我選擇」（self-selection）行為，使團體成員的思維或行為表徵具有高度的一致性。
二、隨著不同情境的變化與自我調適過程等因素，技術團隊認同會逐漸發生轉化。
三、創業中技術團隊認同轉化成組織認同，使得技術團隊的界限愈來愈不明顯，個案中也發現：新創事業能否形成認同將是獲利的關鍵。
四、在團隊認同轉化的過程中，管理行為與機制（如結構調整、制度的建立等）扮演了重要的角色，目的在於有效調控團隊認同的轉化過程，讓組織在未來能更具有彈性、自主性地因應複雜的環境。

The concept of the team identity transformation in entrepreneurial process was addressed in this thesis. In order to effectively and delicately descript the formation and transformation process of the team identity, Qualitative research and single case method were explored that an electronic component manufacturer (thereafter called F company) in Kaohsiung was chosen.
I collect the first-hand data not only by interviewing with interviewees but emailing or talking via phone. In aspects of interview, formal interviews took 17hours, informal interviews took about 10hours and 2 hours was used to get data via telephone communication. Except for first-hand data, we collect the secondary data as well.
With comparison on differences of technological team identity(ies) between in and after business creation, three categories grounded on interviews was developed, including think、work and learn. Based on these, we would try to analyze the reasons of transformation. After almost year of observation and data collection, I conclude these below:
1、There is existence of technological team identity in initial stage of entrepreneurship and this will be beneficial to drive the entrepreneurship. The mechanism of formation is how to pick up the members to make them highly consistent in thinking and behaviors.
2、As changes of contexts and self adaptation, the technological team identity would be transformed as the figure6.1 shown.
3、I found that the team identity would transform into organizational identity, and that would make the border between technological team and the other groups more and more unspecific.
4、In the process of team transformation, managerial action and machismo play an important roles to harness how the process goes to make the organization more flexible and actively response to the complex environments.

目錄 1
圖表目錄 4
第一章 前言 5
第二章 文獻探討 6
第一節 認同之文獻探討 7
第二節 創業研究的回顧 11
第三節 創業的研究缺口 18
第三章 研究方法 20
第一節 質性研究 20
第二節 研究場景 21
第三節 資料收集 21
第四節 資料分析 23
第四章 個案公司簡介 25
第一節F公司的介紹 25
第二節 公司成長大事紀 25
第三節 產業特性 26
第五章 研究發現與討論 28
第一節 先行情境 29
第二節 技術創業團隊認同的形成 30
第三節 團隊認同形成原因之分析 39
第四節 技術創業團隊認的轉化過程 40
第五節 認同轉化原因分析 62
第六章 結論與建議 67
第一節 結論 67
第二節 建議 68
參考文獻 69

英文部份
1. Albert S, Whetten DA. 1985. Organizational Identity In Staw BM. Cummings LL(Eds.) Research on Organizational Behavior 7:263-295. JAI Press: Greenwich, CA
2. Aldrich H, Zimmer C. 1986. Entrepreneurship through social networks. Sexton DL, Smilor RW. (Eds.) The Art of Science of Entrepreneurship (pp.2-23). Ballinger Publishing：Cambridge, MA
3. Aldrich HE. 2001. Who wants to be an evolutionary theorist：remarks on the occasion of the Year 2000 OMT Distinguished Scholarly Career Award Presentation. Journal of Management Inquiry 10:115-127
4. Baron RA, Byrne D. 1997. Social Psychology. Allyn & Bacon: Boston
5. Bartel CA. 2001. Social comparison in boundary-spanning work：effects of community outreach on members’ identity and identification. Administrative Science Quarterly 46:379-413
6. Birley S. 1985. The role of networks in the entrepreneurial process. Journal of Business Venturing 1:107-117
7. Bogdan RC, Biklen SK. 1982. Qualitative Research for Education. Allyn & Bacon：Boston
8. Bouchikhi H, Kimberly J. 1996. The nature and dynamics of organizational identity. INSEAD Conference of Organizational Marketplace: Implications of Sociology for Business Policy Res. INSEAD: France
9. Bouwen R, Steyaert C. 1990. Construing Organizational texture in young entrepreneurial firms. Journal of Management Studies 27:637-649
10. Brockhaus RH Sr. 1982. The Psychology of the entrepreneur. In Kent CA, Sexton DL, Vesper KH. (Eds.) Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship.(pp. 39-56). Prentice-Hall：Englewood Cliffs, NJ
11. Brown AD. 1997. Narcissism, identity, and legitimacy. Academy of management Review 22:643-686
12. Busenitz et al. 2003. Entrepreneurship Research in Emergence：past trends and future directions. Journal of Management 29:285-308
13. Chandler GN, Lyon DW. 2001. Issues of research design and construct measurement in entrepreneurship research：the past decade. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 25:101-113
14. Chikudate N. 1995. Reflexive Organization：From the Grounded Theoretical Study of Knowledge-Based Corporations in Japan. Presented at the Euro-Asia Management Studies Association conference at Milan, Italy.
15. Choi RY, Shepherd DA. 2004. Entrepreneurs’ decisions to exploit opportunities. Journal of Management 30:377-395
16. Cohen L, Musson G. 2000. Entrepreneurial identities：Reflections from two case studies. Organization. 7:31-48
17. Cooley CH. 1922. Human Nature and Social Order. (Revised ed.) New York：Scribner
18. Copper AC. 1973. Technical entrepreneurship： What do we know? Research and Development Management 3: 59-64
19. Davidsson P, Wiklund J. 2001. Levels of analysis in entrepreneurship research：current research practice and suggestions for the future. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 25:81-99
20. Denzin NK, Lincoln YS. (Eds.) 1994. Handbook of Qualitative Research. Sage：Thousand Oaks
21. Dutton JE, Dukerich JM, Harquail CV. 1994. Organizational images and member identification. Administrative Science Quarterly 39:239-263
22. Dutton JE, Dukerich JM. 1991. Keeping an eye on the mirror: Image and Identity in Organizational Adaptation. Academy of Management Journal 34:517-554
23. Earley PC, Mosakowski E. 2000. Creating hybrid cultures: an empirical test of transnational team functioning. Academy of Management Journal 43: 26-49.
24. Eisenhardt KM. 1989. Building theories from case study research. Academy of Management Review 14:532-550
25. Elsbach KD, Kramer RM. 1996. Members’ responses to organizational identity threats: Encountering and countering the Business Week rankings. Administrative Science Quarterly 41:442-476
26. Fiol CM. 2002. Capitalizing on paradox: The role of language in transforming Organizational Identities. Organizational Science 13:653-666
27. Garner WB. 1985. A conceptual framework for describing the phenomenon of new venture creation. Academy of Management Review 10:696-706
28. Gasse Y. 1982. Elaborations on the psychology of the entrepreneur. In Kent CA, Sexton DL, Vesper KH. (Eds.) Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship. (pp. 57-71). Prentice-Hall：Englewood Cliffs, NJ
29. Gersick CJG. 1994. Pacing strategic change：the case of a new venture. Academy of Management Review 37:9-45
30. Gioia DA, Thomas JB. 1996. Identity, image and issue interpretation: Sensemaking during strategic change in academia. Administrative Science Quarterly 41:370-403
31. Gioia DA. 1998. From individual to organizational identity. In Whetten DA and Godfrey PC.(Eds.) Identity in Organizations: Building Theory through Conversations 17-31 Sage: Thousand Oaks, CA
32. Glade WP. 1967. Approaches to a theory of entrepreneurial formation. Explorations in Entrepreneurial History 4:245-259
33. Glesne C, Peshkin A. 1992. Becoming Qualitative Research. Longman：White Plains
34. Greenberg DB, Sexton DL. 1988. An interactive model of new venture initiation. Journal of Small Business Management 26: 1-7
35. Hammerley M, Atkinson P. 1983. Ethnography：Principle in Practice. Routledge：London & New York
36. Harris L, Cronen VE. 1979. Rule based model for analysis and evaluation of organizational communication. Communication Quarterly. 27:12-18
37. Hatch MJ, Schultz M. 1997. Relations between organizational culture, identity and image. European Journal of Marketing 31:356-365
38. Hogg MA, Terry DJ. 2000. Social Identity and self-categorization processes in organizational contexts. Academy of Management Review 25:121-140
39. Husserl E. 1973. Experience and Judgment. Northwestern University Press：Evanstan
40. Husserl E. 1982. Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to Phenomenological Philosophy：Volume 2. Maritunus Nijhoff：The Hague
41. Kirzner IM. 1973. Competition & Entrepreneurship. University of Chicago ：Chicago
42. Lewin K. 1951. Field Theory in Social Science. Harper: NY
43. Lichtenstein BMB, Brush CG. 2001. How Do “Resources Bundles” Develop and Change in New Ventures? A Dynamic Model and Longitudinal Exploration. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice (Spring): 37-58
44. Lies P. 1974. Who are the Entrepreneurship? MSU business Topics（Winter）: 5-14
45. Lipnack J, Stamps J. 1997. Virtual Teams: Reaching Across Space, Time, and Organizations with Technology. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.: New York.
46. Low MB, MacMillan IC. 1988. Entrepreneurship：Past research and future challenges. Journal of Management 14:139-161
47. Mael FA, Ashforth BE. 1989. Social Identity theory and the organization. Academy of Management Review 14: 20-39
48. March JG. 1994. A primer on decision making: How decision happen. The Free Press：New York
49. Marcus H, Nurius P. 1986. Possible Selves. American Psychologist 41:954-969
50. Maxwell J. 1996. Qualitative Research Design：An Interactive Approach. Sage：Thousand Oaks
51. McClelland DC. 1967. The Achieving Society. Free Press：New York
52. McClelland DC. 1984. Characteristics of successful entrepreneurs. In Keys to the Future of American Business, Proceedings of the Third Creativity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship Symposium（Addendum, pp.1-14）. Framingham, MA：U.S. Small Business Administration and the National Center for Research in Vocational Education.
53. McNulty SE, Swann WB Jr. 1994. Identity negotiation in roommate relationships：The self as architect and consequence of social reality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 67:1012-1023
54. Mead GH. 1934. Mind, Self, and Society. Chicago：University of Chicago Press.
55. Miles M, Huberman AM. 1984. Qualitative Data Analysis. Sage：Beverly Hills, CA
56. Morgan G. 1997. Images of Organization. Sage：Thousand Oaks, CA
57. Olins W. 1995 Corporate identity. Thames and Hudson: London
58. Orlikowski WA, Gash DC. 1994. Technological frames：Making sense of information technology in organizations. ACM Transactions on Information Systems 12:174-207
59. Pettigrew A. 1988. Longitudinal field research on change：Theory and Practice. Presented at National Science Foundation Conference on Longitudinal Research Methods in Organization, Austin
60. Pratt MG, Foreman PO. 2000. Classifying managerial responses to multiple organizational identities. Academy of Management Review 25:18-42
61. Rentsch JR, Heffner TS. 1994. Assessing Self-concept: Analysis of Gordon’s Coding Scheme Using “Who am I?” responses. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 9:283-300
62. Salzer M. 1994. Identity across the borders：A study in the IKEA World. Linkoping University：Sweden
63. Schere J. 1982. Tolerance of ambiguity as a discrimination variable between entrepreneurs and managers. Proceedings (pp.404-408). Academy of Management：NY
64. Schlenker BR. 1985. Identity and self-identification. In Schlenker BR(Ed.) The self and social life: 65-99, McGraw-Hill：NY
65. Scott SG, Lane VR. 2000. A stakeholder approach to organizational identity. Academy of management Review 20:43-62
66. Sexton DL, Bowman N. 1985. The entrepreneur：A capable executive and more. Journal of Business Venturing 1:129-140
67. Shane SA, Venkataraman S. 2000. The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review 25:217-226
68. Spreitzer GM, Glinow MAV. 2002. Transnational teams in electronic age：Are team identity and high performance at risk. Journal of Organizational Behavior 23:455-467
69. Stevenson L. 1988. Women and economic development： A focus on entrepreneurship. in Leibenstein H, Ray D.(Eds.). Entrepreneurship and economic development. United Nations：New York
70. Strauss A, Corbin J. 1990. Basics of Qualitative Research：Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. Sage：Newbury Parks
71. Suchman MC. 1995. Managing legitimacy: Strategic and institutional approaches. Academy of Management Journal 20:571-610
72. Super DE. 1970. Manual of work values inventory. Riverside：Chicago
73. Super DE. 1980. A life span, life space approach to career development. Journal of Vocational Behavior 16 : 282-298
74. Swann WB. 1987. Identity negotiation: Where two roads meet. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 53:1038-1051
75. Timmons JA. 1990. New venture creation. Irwin：Boston
76. Timmons JA. 1994. New Venture Creation：Entrepreneurship for the 21st century. Burr Ridge：Irwin
77. Timmos JA. 1982. New Venture Creation：Methods and models. In Kent CA, Sexton DL, Vesper KH. (Eds.) Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship. (pp. 126-138). Prentice-Hall：Englewood Cliffs, NJ
78. Van de Ven AH, Engleman RM. 2004. Event- and outcome-driven explanations of entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing 19:343-358
79. Van de Ven AH. 1992. Longitudinal methods for studying the process of entrepreneurship. In Sexton DL, Kasarda JD. (Eds.) The State of the Art of Entrepreneurship. PWS-Kent：Boston
80. Vesper K. 1980. New Venture Strategies. Prentice-Hall：Englewood Cliffs, NJ
81. Weick KE. 1995. Sensemaking in Organizations. Sage: Thousand Oaks, CA
82. Wheatley MJ, Myron K. 1996. Self-organization：the irresistible future of organization. Strategy and Leadership 24:18-25
83. Yin R. 1984. Case Study Research. Sage：Beverly Hills, CA

中文部份
1. F公司（民91），公開說明書。
2. 吳芝儀、廖梅花譯（民90），Strauss A, Corbin J.（1990）原著，質性研究入門：紮根理論研究方法，嘉義：濤石
3. 李振昌譯（民90），Charles L.（2001）原著，知識經濟大趨勢，台北：時報文化
4. 林家五、黃國隆、鄭國壎（民93），從認同到開創：創業家的動態釋意過程，中山管理評論，第十二卷第二期，頁337-397
5. 胡幼慧編（民85），質性研究：理論、方法及本士女性研究實例，台北：巨流
6. 徐宗國譯（民86），Strauss A, Corbin J.（1990）原著，質性研究概論，台北：巨流
7. 徐瑋伶、鄭伯壎（民91），組織認同：理論與本質之初步探索分析，中山管理評論，第十卷第一期，頁45-64
8. 張春興（民91），張氏心理學辭典，台北，東華。
9. 陳向明（民91），社會科學質的研究，台北：五南
10. 曾華源、劉曉春譯（民89），Baron RA, Byrne D.（1997）原著，社會心理學，台北，洪葉。
11. 劉常勇（民91），創業管理的十二堂課，台北：天下文化
12. 蔡敦浩、張永佶、謝邦杰（民85），跨國企業產品流循環管理之研究─瑞典商IKEA集團為例，企業跨國經營管理研討會，台北：輔仁大學
13. 蕭富峰、李田樹譯（民91），Peter FD. （1995）原著，創新與創業精神，台北：城邦文化