水下聲學的應用非常為廣泛，不管是海洋資源探索或是空難、船難調查，甚至水下考古等範疇都在其應用內。其中海底剖面探測系統為現行量測海洋地質方法之一，此系統在調查海洋沉積物之物理特性和結構方面扮演非常重要的角色，但是使用此方法，配有拍發與接收換能器的載具必定離底床有一段距離，因此可能造成計算反射係數上的誤差，因此找出造成誤差的主要原因，並提高計算底床反射係數精準度是值得探討的問題。
本研究為探討底床反射係數估算的誤差來源，因此使用自行開發的底質剖面儀以量測底床反射係數，並針對底床反射係數公式中所引用的兩個理論進行驗證。首先針對聲波在水層傳遞過程中，是否受水文環境變化影響，進而影響傳輸損耗進行分析，接著對聲波於海面反射是否為全反射進行驗證。實驗於台灣西南海域與南海進行量測，並使用定點漂流方式進行實驗。
本研究依據實驗結果，量化同一地點不同距離計算反射係數差異，以及聲波隨傳輸距離損耗的不確定性。接著提出聲波在水面反射的反射係數，並將結果帶回舊有公式進行水面反射補償，最後比較補償前、後的結果。上述結果將以實海域底床岩心採樣樣本，與底床地貌影片進行驗證，以提供研究海洋沉積物學者與相關人員參考。

nderwater acoustic technology is widely used in marine resources exploration, air crash survey and shipwreck, even underwater archaeology is included. Sub-bottom profiler is one of the system to measure marine geology. To find the uncertainty of reflection coefficient by useing this set of system. We use the acoustical sub-bottom profiler made by our lab and focus on verifying two assumptions from reflection of the coefficient formula. First of all, analysis of the sound pressure transmission loss in the water layer which affected by the change of hydrology environmental. Then, verifying the sound pressure reflection at the sea surface is the total reflection. The experiments carried out in the waters southwest of Taiwan and the South China Sea. According to the experimental results, identifying the uncertainty of sound pressure loss over distance, and quantify this uncertainty results to apply in the calculation of the reflection coefficients. And provide reflection coefficient correction value from water reflection. Enhance calculations accuracy with two echo to calculate the reflection coefficient. The two correction will be verify by seabed sampling and videos and provide a reference to scholars who study marine sediments.

論文審定書 ................................................................................................................... i
誌謝 .............................................................................................................................. ii
摘要 ............................................................................................................................. iii
Abstract ......................................................................................................................... iv
目錄 .............................................................................................................................. v
圖次 ............................................................................................................................ vii
表次 ............................................................................................................................. xi
第一章緒論 .......................................................................................................... 1
1.1 研究動機與背景 ...................................................................................... 1
1.2 文獻回顧 .................................................................................................. 3
1.3 研究目的 .................................................................................................. 5
第二章研究方法 .................................................................................................. 6
2.1 理論方法 .................................................................................................. 7
2.1.1 聲壓位準與傳輸損耗 .................................................................. 7
2.1.2 平面波與球面波入射計算反射係數理論 .................................. 8
2.2 實際計算方法 ........................................................................................ 12
2.2.1 淺拖反射係數計算理論 ............................................................ 12
2.2.2 深拖反射係數計算理論 ............................................................ 14
2.2.3 水面反射係數計算理論 ............................................................ 16
第三章海上實驗 ................................................................................................ 18
3.1 系統儀器設備 ........................................................................................ 19
3.2 其他儀器設備 ........................................................................................ 24
3.2.1 深海拖曳式即時攝影系統 ........................................................ 24
3.2.2 視訊導引岩心採樣器(Video Corer) ........................................... 25
3.2.3 重力岩心採樣器 ........................................................................ 26
3.2.4 抓攫式沈積物採樣器 ................................................................ 27
3.2.5 數位聲學記錄儀(DSG-ST Ocean Acoustic Data logger) ........... 28
3.2.6 多重感應元岩心記錄器(Multi-Sensor Core Logger) ................ 29
3.3 實驗訊號 ................................................................................................ 30
3.4 脈衝壓縮 ................................................................................................ 31
3.5 底床反射係數量測實驗 ........................................................................ 33
3.5.1 A區量測淺拖底床反射係數實驗 ............................................. 35
3.5.2 B1區量測深拖底床反射係數實驗 ........................................... 36
3.5.3 B2區同時量測淺拖與深拖底床反射係數實驗 ....................... 36
3.5.4 C區同量測淺拖與深拖底床反射係數實驗 ............................. 37
3.6 南海內波實驗 ........................................................................................ 37
3.7 傳輸損耗不確定性實驗 ........................................................................ 40
第四章實驗結果 ................................................................................................ 42
4.1 底床反射係數量測實驗 ........................................................................ 43
4.1.1 A區量測淺拖底床反射係數實驗 ............................................. 43
4.1.2 B1區量測深拖底床反射係數實驗 ........................................... 45
4.1.3 B2區同時量測淺拖、深拖底床反射係數實驗 ....................... 47
4.1.4 C區同時量測淺拖、深拖底床反射係數實驗 ......................... 48
4.2 南海內波實驗 ........................................................................................ 50
4.3 傳輸損耗不確定性實驗 ........................................................................ 52
4.3.1 A區深拖載具下放實驗：聲波傳輸損耗量測 ......................... 52
4.3.2 C區深拖載具下放實驗：聲波傳輸損耗量測 ......................... 55
4.3.3 C區深拖載具上收實驗：聲波傳輸損耗量測 ......................... 58
4.4 小結 ........................................................................................................ 61
4.5 水面反射係數計算 ................................................................................ 62
4.5.1 A區深拖載具下放實驗：水面反射係計算 ............................. 62
4.5.2 C區深拖載具下放實驗：水面反射係數補償 ......................... 63
4.5.3 C區深拖載具上收實驗：水面反射係數計算 ......................... 65
4.6 水文環境資料整理以及底床採樣結果與驗證 .................................... 66
4.6.1 溫壓鹽儀分析結果 .................................................................... 67
4.6.2 底床樣貌照片與岩心採樣結果 ................................................ 70
4.6.3 反推底床物質結果 .................................................................... 73
第五章結論 ........................................................................................................ 75
參考文獻 .................................................................................................................... 77
附錄A .......................................................................................................................... 80

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