本研究目的，主要是探討鯨豚體內重金屬濃度蓄積是否會因健康狀況而不同，以及蓄積程度是否有種別差異，並與台灣過去相關文獻資料以及世界其他海域的鯨豚蓄積濃度做比較，藉此來探討台灣海域近年來重金屬汙染的情形。
本研究樣本收集2001-2012年於台灣沿岸擱淺或誤捕的鯨豚，共4種39頭，包括12頭瑞氏海豚(Grampus griseus, Gg)、7頭侏儒抹香鯨(Kogia simus, Ks)、10頭弗氏海豚(Lagenodelphis hosei, Lh)、10頭熱帶斑海豚(Stenella atteunuata, Sa)，分析有肌肉、肺臟、肝臟與腎臟四種組織中的銀、鎘及硒濃度。
本研究的鯨豚組織銀濃度的基礎背景值在肌肉、肺臟、肝臟與腎臟分別為<0.05、0.05、0.43±0.28與0.08±0.03；鎘濃度分別為0.03±0.03、0.22±0.19、3.82±3.50與16.22±18.81；硒濃度分別為2.36±1.19、15.08±6.30、20.40±40.31與14.48±5.92 μg/g 乾重。重金屬濃度在組織間有蓄積差異，銀與硒濃度主要以肝臟蓄積最高，鎘濃度則以腎臟蓄積最高，三種元素在肺臟和肌肉中的蓄積皆為最低。組織內的重金屬濃度相關性，熱帶斑海豚肝臟的銀與硒濃度間，弗氏海豚與熱帶斑海豚肝臟的鎘與硒濃度間，瑞氏海豚與弗氏海豚在腎臟皆具有正相關，顯示硒對銀與鎘具有拮抗作用，以降低銀及鎘的毒性。銀、鎘與硒元素蓄積在四種鯨豚組織中的濃度會因其食性及棲地之不同而有種別差異。
本研究的瑞氏海豚和熱帶斑海豚肌肉與肝臟的銀、鎘與硒濃度大多高於1994-1995年的鯨豚樣品，尤其以銀濃度高出最多。與世界海域比較，鎘濃度明顯比義大利、以色列海域為高，硒濃度則是相對較低，因此推測台灣附近海域銀和鎘的重金屬汙染有上升的趨勢，其中鎘汙染更較世界其他海域為嚴重。

The aim of this study were (1) to investigated metal bioaccumulation of Ag, Cd and Se in various cetacean species, (2) to know metal concentrations would effect to cetaceans health. (3) to compare with previously study to understand the pollution status of heavy metal in Taiwan and worldwide.
The 4 tissues from 4 species were collected from bycatch and stranded around Taiwan in 2001-2011.These 4 species included 12 Grampus griseus (Gg), 7 Kogia simus (Ks), 10 Lagenodelphis hosei (Lh), 10 Stenella atteunuata (Sa). The tissues of muscle, lung, liver, and kidney were analyzed for Ag, Cd and Se concentrations.
Baseline concentrations (µg/g dw) of the cetaceans were lung (<0.05) = muscle (<0.05) < kidney (0.08±0.03) < liver (0.43±0.28) for Ag, and muscle (0.03±0.03) ≤ lung (0.22±0.19) ≤ liver (3.82±3.50) ≤ kidney (15.56±16.88) for Cd, and muscle (2.36±1.19) ≤ lung (15.08±6.30) ≤ liver (20.40±40.31) ≤ kidney (14.48±5.92) for Se. The tissue differences of heavy metal bioaccumulation were found that Ag and Se were highest in liver, lowest in lung and muscle, and Cd was highest in kidney, lowest in muscle.
The significant positive correlation between muscle and liver/kidney were found in Lh and Sa. The significant positive correlation between Ag and Se in liver were found in Sa; Cd and Se in liver were found in Lh and Sa, and in kidney of Gg and Lh. Thus, Se has antagonism on Ag and Cd, reducing their toxic effects. There were significant species differences in related to feeding habits and living habitats of the small cetaceans.
The cetaceans of muscle, lung and liver of Ag, Cd and Se concentrations in this study were higher than the samples collected in 1994 and 1995, especially Ag concentration. Moreover, the Cd concentration of the Taiwanese cetaceans were higher than the cetaceans data worldwide, but the Se concentrations were lower than the cetaceans data record in other parts of world. My results show that heavy metal pollution of Ag and Cd increase in western Pacific Ocean, and the Cd pollution more severe than other part of the world.

謝辭 ................................................................................................................................ i
摘要 ............................................................................................................................... ii
Abstract ......................................................................................................................... iii
目錄 ............................................................................................................................... v
表目錄 ......................................................................................................................... vii
圖目錄 .......................................................................................................................... ix
附表目錄 ....................................................................................................................... x
一、前言 ....................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 重金屬的累積與影響 ............................................................................... 1
1.1.1 銀 ......................................................................................................... 2
1.1.2 鎘 ......................................................................................................... 3
1.1.3 硒 ......................................................................................................... 4
1.2 鯨豚擱淺原因 ................................................................................................ 5
1.3 鯨豚生理狀況 ................................................................................................ 6
1.4 實驗目的 ......................................................................................................... 7
二、材料方法 ............................................................................................................... 9
2.1 樣品來源 ........................................................................................................ 9
2.2 組織部位 ........................................................................................................ 9
2.3 樣品消化前處理 ............................................................................................ 9
2.4 化學分析方法 .............................................................................................. 10
2.4.1 銀、鎘、硒元素分析用樣品的消化步驟 ....................................... 10
2.4.2 品保(Quality Assurance, QA)及品管(Quality Control, QC) ............ 11
2.4.3 重金屬定量分析 ............................................................................... 12
2.5 建檔內容 ...................................................................................................... 13
2.6 統計分析 ...................................................................................................... 14
2.7 基礎背景值、不健康值及健康危害值之界定 .......................................... 14
2.7.1 基礎背景值(baseline) ....................................................................... 14
2.7.2 不健康值(unhealthy) ......................................................................... 15
2.7.3 健康危害值(dangerous) .................................................................... 15
三、結果 ..................................................................................................................... 15
3.1 鯨豚樣品基礎生物資料 .............................................................................. 15
3.2 標準樣品偵測結果 ....................................................................................... 16
3.3 銀濃度 .......................................................................................................... 16
3.3.1 基礎背景值、不健康值及健康危害值之差異 ............................... 16
3.3.2 鯨豚不同組織中的蓄積差異 ........................................................... 17
3.3.3 各組織中銀濃度的鯨豚種別差異 ................................................... 17
3.4 鎘濃度 .......................................................................................................... 18
3.4.1 基礎背景值、不健康值及健康危害值之差異 ................................ 18
3.4.2 鯨豚不同組織中的蓄積差異 ........................................................... 19
3.4.3 各組織中鎘濃度的鯨豚種別差異 ................................................... 19
3.5 硒濃度 .......................................................................................................... 20
3.5.1 基礎背景值、不健康值及健康危害值之差異 ................................ 20
3.5.2 鯨豚不同組織中的蓄積差異 ........................................................... 21
3.5.3 各組織中硒濃度之鯨豚種別差異 ................................................... 21
3.6 相同元素在不同組織間及體長的相關性 .................................................. 22
3.6.1 侏儒抹香鯨 ....................................................................................... 22
3.6.2 瑞氏海豚 ........................................................................................... 22
3.6.3 弗氏海豚 ........................................................................................... 22
3.6.4 熱帶斑海豚 ....................................................................................... 23
3.7 相同組織中不同元素的相關性 .................................................................. 23
3.7.1 侏儒抹香鯨 ....................................................................................... 23
3.7.2 瑞氏海豚 ........................................................................................... 24
3.7.3 弗氏海豚 ........................................................................................... 24
3.7.4 熱帶斑海豚 ....................................................................................... 25
3.8 相似度分析 .................................................................................................. 25
四、討論 ..................................................................................................................... 29
4.1 基礎背景值、不健康值與健康危害值蓄積銀、鎘與硒之差異 .............. 29
4.2 基礎背景值、不健康值與健康危害值在鯨豚體內銀、鎘與硒的閾值 .. 29
4.3 硒對銀與鎘的拮抗作用 .............................................................................. 31
4.4 鯨豚食性及棲地與其重金屬蓄積之相關性 .............................................. 32
4.5 鯨豚體內生物蓄積之銀、鎘與硒做為海洋重金屬汙染之指標 .............. 32

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