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博碩士論文 etd-0027116-110535 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0027116-110535
論文名稱
Title
海洋內波紊流特性之觀測:以東沙海域為例
Turbulent properties of oceanic internal waves in the shelves near Dongsha
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
105
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2016-01-08
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2016-01-27
關鍵字
Keywords
南海、內波、渦動能消散率、消散能量、振幅、東沙
South China Sea, dissipated power, dissipation rate of TKE, Dongsha, amplitude, Internal wave
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5866 次,被下載 88
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5866 times, has been downloaded 88 times.
中文摘要
本研究利用垂直紊流剖面儀(VMP-250、micro-Rider)、船載式流速儀 ( sb-ADCP ) 以及科學魚探儀分別於2011、2014和2015年的三個航次中觀測南海非線性內波 (Nonlinear Internal wave, NLIW) 的紊流與水文特性,探測海域位於東沙陸棚區域水深250~600公尺,一共觀測到11個內波,每一個內波皆施放2 ~ 6次不等的紊流儀測量海水之渦動能消散率,以了解內波在前端、內部和尾端的紊流分佈。

  在海研一號1082航次,於東沙島東北部陸棚海域水深250公尺處,進行30小時連續內波觀測。研究結果發現,在此30小時期間共有5組下沉型內波群通過本測站,ㄧ個內波群中通常是一個振幅較大、強度較強並且流速較快 (約1.5 m/s) 的內波,伴隨著數個強度較弱、流速較慢 (0.5~ 0.3 m/s) 的內波尾隨在後,整組通過時間從3小時至8小時不等。在一 個內波群中,第一個強度最大的波通常伴隨顯著的前端沉降流與後端湧升流,垂直積分的消散率比後端較弱的內波高出二十餘倍。在海研三號1859的航次也顯示,通常在內波的前端渦動能消散率 (ε) 最小,約10-8 W kg-1,在內波經尾端,ε則會明顯增大至10-6 ~ 10-5 W kg-1。由於下沉型內波造成水團的下沉,使得同一深度的溫度差可達6~12℃,於內波中心處溫度最高,螢光極大值也會隨著水團垂直移動,在內波尾端溫度和螢光值則逐漸回復。在沒有內波經過的海面時,ε約為10-9 ~ 10-8 W kg-1,相當於靜止水面,消散能量約為1.8 mWm-2,是內波尾端的175分之ㄧ。在海研三號1541航次則是發現振幅170公尺的內波,向西傳遞的速度高達2.6 m/s,水平溫度差異達到11℃,而沉降流及湧升流的垂直流速高達0.7 m/s,在內波水團內的混合層深度達到210公尺。
Abstract
Vertical microstructure profiler (VMP-250 and Microrider), shipboard ADCP, and echo sounder were used to investigate the turbulent characteristics and mixing processes of nonlinear internal waves (NLIW) in the South China Sea during three cruises of 2011, 2014, and 2015. The survey area is in the continental shelves northeast of Dongsha, between isobaths of 250 and 600 m. A total of 11 NLIW were observed, with about two to six VMP profiles were conducted respectively for each NLIW to derive the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy (ε). The purpose of this study is to get a better understanding of turbulence distribution in the fore, middle, and aft parts of NLIW.

During the Cruise 1082 of R/V OR1 in 2014, 30 hours of continuous observations in five clusters of depression NLIW were conducted at a site of 250-m depth. Our results indicate that the first internal wave always has a larger amplitude, propagation speed (~1.5 m/s), and dissipated power, which is followed by several smaller, slower (0.3-0.5 m/s), and weaker internal waves. It took about 3 to 8 hours for the whole wave packet to pass by. The first and the strongest internal wave is usually accompanied by significant down-welling in the fore and upwelling in the aft parts. Vertically integrated dissipation level is about twenty times higher for the first internal wave than that of the following waves. Observations from the Cruise 1859 of OR3 in 2015 also indicate that ε in the fore and aft parts of NLIW is about 10-8 and 10-6~10-5 W/kg, respectively. Values of ε in the quiescent ocean without the disruption of NLIW are about 10-9~10-8 W/kg, and the integrated dissipated level is about 1.8 mWm-2, which is about 1/175 that of the aft part of NLIW. The depression internal waves lead to the sinking of surface waters, so that marked temperature variations of 6~12 oC in the same depth could be observed in a short time as the waves passed by. The water temperature in the core of NLIW is the highest. The depth of maximum chlorophyll concentration also moves downward then upward as the waves passed by. Finally, huge NLIW with an astonishing 170-m amplitude, 2.6 m/s propagation speed, 0.7 m/s vertical velocity, 11oC temperature variation, and 210-m mixed-layer depth were discovered during the Cruise 1541 of OR3 in 2011.
目次 Table of Contents
論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
摘要 iv
Abstract v
目錄 vii
圖目錄 ix
表目錄 xiii
一、 前言 1
1-1、關於內波 1
1-2、前人研究 3
1-3、研究動機與目的 7
二、 使用儀器介紹 8
2-1、垂直紊流剖面儀 Vertical Microstructure Profiler ( VMP – 250 ) 8
2-1-1、Shear Probe剪切探針 10
2-2、Self-contained Turbulence Package自記式紊流模組micro-Rider 11
2-2-1、Thermistor熱敏電阻 13
2-3、聲納魚探儀EK-60 13
2-4、船載式都普勒海流儀sb-ADCP 14
三、 資料分析方法 17
3-1、 Dissipation Rate of TKE 渦動能消散率 ε 17
3-2、 Integrated levels of Dissipated Power 消散能量 20
3-3、 Dissipation Rate of Temperature Variance熱變異消散率χ 21
3-4、 VMP與micro-Rider計算方法比較εshear "vs.ε" χ 23
3-5、 三航次概要 25
3-6、 實驗方法 25
四、航次資料呈現 28
4-1、海研三號OR3-1541航次 28
4-2、海研一號OR1-1082航次 42
4-3、海研三號OR3-1859航次 59
4-4、航次總結 77
五、討論與總結 79
5-1、內波中溫度與葉綠素的變化 79
5-2、內波前的沉降流與後端之湧升流 80
5-3、內波群與內波之能量消散 81
5-3-1、單一內波消散能量 81
5-3-2、內波群消散能量比較 82
5-4、總結 84
六、參考文獻 86
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