人工繁養殖與三倍體生產技術在國外牡蠣產業已施行多年，反觀台灣牡蠣養殖仍然依賴天然苗。本論文以研發三倍體牡蠣生產技術為目標進行研究，內容包含三倍體誘發，並與二倍體進行成長、活存、肥滿度(CI值)、生殖腺指數(GSI)、肝醣及膽固醇含量之比較。在水溫27℃下，牡蠣卵以濃度1mg/L之Cytochalasin B(CB)作用17及20分鐘，抑制第二極體(PB2)誘發3N胚胎，最高之3N誘發率分別達到54% (PF32：受精後32分鐘)及50%-60%(PF30)。以CB作用15、17及20分鐘抑制第一極體(PB1)，最高之3N誘發率分別為53%(PF9)、79%(PF9)及69%(PF10)。抑制第二極體實驗組牡蠣飼養一年後，二倍體(2N)與三倍體牡蠣(3N)平均重量分別為45.7 g和64.5g，二者間有顯著差異(p＜0.01)；存活率分別為82.1%、80%。抑制第一極體實驗組牡蠣飼養一年後，2N與3N平均重量分別為45.6 g和73.4g，二者間有顯著差異(p＜0.01)；存活率分別為74%、61%。2N與3N牡蠣在配子排放前的生殖腺指數分別為 66.5%和22.0%，二者間有顯著差異(p＜0.001)，肥滿度分別為124.9與117.5(p＞0.05)；肝醣含量分別為26.1及37.3mg/100mg，二者間有顯著差異(p＜0.01)，膽固醇含量分別為79、98mg/100g(p＞0.05)。配子排放後之生殖腺指數分別為32.7%與15.1%，二者間有顯著差異(p＜0.001)，肥滿度則為87.7與97.8(p＞0.05 )。整體而言，相較於2N牡蠣，3N個體成長較快、生殖腺指數較低且肝醣含量較高。

Oyster production through artificial breeding and triploid application is commonly used in foreign countries for years. In contrast, oyster farmers in Taiwan still depend on natural spats. In this study, the production of triploid (3N) oysters through the inhibition of 1st polar body (PB1) or 2nd PB2 by Cytochalasin B (CB) were investigated. In addition, the comparisons of growth , survival, gonadal somatic index (GSI), condition index (CI), cholesterol content and glycogen content between diploid (2N) and triploid (3N) oysters were evaluated. At water temperature of 27oC, fertilized eggs were treated by CB with the inhibition on PB2 for 17 and 20 min. The percentages of 3N larvae were 54% at PF32 (post-fertilization 32 min) and 50-60% at PF30, respectively. When the inhibition was on PB1 for 15, 17 and 20 min, the percentages of 3N larvae were 53% (PF9)、79% (PF9)及69% (PF10), respectively. After culture for one year, with the inhibition on PB2, significant difference in the weights of 2N and 3N oysters were found (45.7 vs. 64.5 g; p< 0.01). But the survival rates were similar (82.1 vs. 80%). With the inhibition on PB1, significant differences in the weights of 2N and 3N oysters were obtained (45.6 vs. 73.4g; p< 0.01). The survival rates were 74% and 61%. During the pre-spawning period, the GSI and glycogen contents of 2N and 3N oysters were significantly different, i.e. 66.5 vs. 22% (p< 0.001) and 26.1 vs. 37.3 mg/100mg (p< 0.01) . In contrast, the CI values and cholesterol contents were no difference, i.e. 124.9 vs. 117.5 and 79 vs. 97 mg/100g. During the post-spawning period, the GSI were 32.7 and 15.1% which were significantly different between the two groups (p< 0.001). However, the CI values were similar, i.e., 87.7 and 97.8. In conclusion, the triploid oysters had higher growth rate, lower GSI and higher glycogen content when compared to that of diploid oysters.

目錄
謝誌...........................................................................................................i
摘要...........................................................................................................ii
Abstract....................................................................................................iii
目錄..........................................................................................................iv
圖目錄........................................................................................................v
前言...........................................................................................................1
材料方法....................................................................................................4
結果...........................................................................................................9
討論..........................................................................................................13
結論..........................................................................................................18
參考文獻...................................................................................................19

圖目錄
圖一、牡蠣受精卵第一極體(PB1) 之排放....................................................................24
圖二、附著在牡蠣殼上的牡蠣幼苗..............................................................................25
圖三、牡蠣殼型質之測量............................................................................................26
圖四、牡蠣內部構造之縱剖面圖.................................................................................27
圖五、牡蠣受精卵在水溫27℃下釋放第一極體百分比與時間之關係圖........................28
圖六、卵子在受精26、28、30、32、34分鐘後加入CB抑制PB2之3N誘發率.............29
圖七、卵子在受精7、8、9、10分鐘後加入CB抑制PB1之3N誘發率..........................30
圖八、抑制PB2與PB1，孵化24小時幼苗之流式細胞儀分析.......................................31
圖九、2N及抑制PB2之3N牡蠣的成長比較.................................................................32
圖十、2N及抑制PB2之3N牡蠣的成長比較.................................................................33
圖十一、2N及抑制PB2之3N牡蠣的存活率比較..........................................................34
圖十二、2N及抑制PB1之3N牡蠣的成長比較.............................................................35
圖十三、2N及抑制PB1之3N牡蠣的成長比較.............................................................36
圖十四、2N及抑制PB1之3N牡蠣的存活率比較.........................................................37
圖十五、2N與3N牡蠣配子排放前與配子排放後成長形質之比較圖............................38
圖十六、2N與3N牡蠣配子排放前與配子排放後肥滿度(CI)之比較圖..........................39
圖十七、2N與3N牡蠣配子排放前與配子排放後出肉率與生殖腺指數之比較圖...........40
圖十八、2N與3N牡蠣肝糖含量比較...........................................................................41
圖十九、2N與3N牡蠣膽固醇含量比較.......................................................................42

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