鋁渣為煉鋁時所產生的廢料，鋁渣內含有氮化鋁(Aluminium nitride, AlN)，氮化鋁在接觸水時，會產生緩慢水解反應，而產生氨氣，故鋁渣廢棄時會有嚴重臭味問題，使鋁渣無法直接衛生掩埋。本研究分為兩個階段，第一階段是將鋁渣加入水及不同重量的氯化亞鐵，實驗鋁渣安定化之結果。本研究使用的氯化亞鐵試藥之總酸度為365 g CaCO3/L，經計算每8.05 L廢酸液可中和1 kg的氨，可中和氨之能力為0.124 kg/L廢酸。由實驗結果顯示，在鋁渣內加入0.08 g FeCl2/g dross時，對於氨氣產生有最佳的抑制能力，平均氨氣產量可由0.826 g/kg dross減少為0.01 g/kg dross，因此鋁渣內加入氯化亞鐵能有效減少氨氣產生。
電鍍前需要經過酸洗程序，將表面的氧化物去除，最後產生的酸洗廢液因為含有強酸及重金屬，所以需要付費處理。第二階段是將鋁渣加入水及不同加藥量的酸洗廢液，實驗鋁渣安定化之結果。本研究使用的酸洗廢液之總酸度為387 g CaCO3/L，經計算每7.60 L廢酸液可中和1 kg的氨，也可以表示成可中和氨之能力為0.131 kg/L廢酸。由實驗結果顯示，在鋁渣內加入100 mL 酸洗廢液/kg dross時，對於Ammonia產生有最佳的抑制能力，Ammonia的平均產氣濃度可由0.916 g/kg dross減少為0.000436 g/kg dross，因此鋁渣內加入酸洗廢液能有效減少氨氣產生。
由以上兩種方式的結果安定化後鋁渣進行TCLP分析，結果低於USEPA 40 CFR Past 261.24重金屬濃度標準，而且安定化後鋁渣，不會有明顯的水解反應，結果顯示兩種方式之鋁渣適合衛生掩埋，此實驗將可以有效解決鋁渣之臭味與最終處理的問題。

Aluminum smelting produces aluminum dross, which contains aluminum nitride (AlN). Upon contacts liquid water or water vapor, aluminum nitride hydrolyzes slowly with the evolution of odorous ammonia. To avoid the associated odor problems, solids waste containing aluminum dross should not be disposed in sanitary landfill.
This study is divided into two phases. The first part, this study developed a method to depress the evolution of ammonia by blending aluminum dross samples with various doses of an aqueous ferrous chloride solution. Results show that ammonia evolutions can be reduced from 0.616 g NH3/(kg dross) to 8.27×10-6 g NH3/(kg dross) with a dose of 0.1 g FeCl2. 4H2O/g dross. Results of toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) tests indicate that regulated heavy metals from the acid-treated dross meet government regulations.
The second part of this study developed a method to depress the evolution of ammonia by blending aluminum dross samples with various doses of a wasted pickling liquor containing ferrous chloride and free hydrochloric acid. Results show that ammonia evolutions can be reduced from 0.92 g NH3/(kg dross) without the addition of the pickling liquor to 4.6 x 10-4 g NH3/(kg dross) with a dose of 100 mL of the liquor per kg dross.
Finally, the two-phases aluminum dross through Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) tests indicate that regulated heavy metals from the acid-treated dross met the government regulations.

謝 誌 i
中文摘要 ii
ABSTRACT iv
CONTENTS vi
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF FIGURES viii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Objects of Research 2
1.3 Organization of Dissertation 3
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE SURVEY 4
2.1 Aluminum Production 4
2.2 Dross Processing 7
2.3 Spent Pickling Liquors 9
CHAPTER 3 MATERIAL AND METHODS 13
3.1 Experimental Setup 13
3.2 Materials 13
3.3 Stabilization Method 15
3.3.1 Pre-treatment of dross 15
3.3.2 Steps of ferric chloride stabilization operations 16
3.2.3 Steps of pickling liquor stabilization operations 17
3.4 Analysis 18
3.4.1 Particle analysis 18
3.4.2 Gas production 19
3.4.3 Element analysis 20
3.4.4 Spent pickling liquor analysis 20
3.4.5 Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) 20
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 22
4.1 Characteristics of Aluminum Dross 22
4.1.1 Particle size analysis 22
4.1.2 Alkalinity analysis of the dross sample 23
4.2 Steps of Dross Stabilization by Ferric Chloride 24
4.2.1 Gas production 24
4.2.2 Element analysis 28
4.2.3 Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure test 32
4.2.4 Acidity analysis of ferrous chloride 35
4.2.5 Cost analysis and application practices 35
4.3 Steps of Stabilization by Pickling Liquor 37
4.3.1 Characteristics of the waste pickling liquor 37
4.3.2 Gas production 38
4.3.3 Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure test 41
4.3.4 Acidity analysis of the spent acid liquor 44
4.3.5 Cost savings and application practices 44
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS 46
5.1 Stabilization by Ferric Chloride 46
5.2 Stabilization by Spent Pickling Liquor 46
REFERENCES 47
作者簡歷 51

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