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博碩士論文 etd-0305117-135101 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0305117-135101
論文名稱
Title
南美白蝦對於不同餌料成長之影響
Effects of different diets on growth of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
63
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2017-01-16
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2017-04-05
關鍵字
Keywords
蛆、氨氮廢物、白蝦、殘餌、生物餌料
White shrimp, feed waste, live food, maggot, ammonia and nitrite
統計
Statistics
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The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5885 times, has been downloaded 365 times.
中文摘要
台灣近幾十年來「草蝦王國」的美名已不復存,但是蝦隻的市場需求仍然存在。因此,對惡劣環境擁有高度耐受性和抗病能力比草蝦更為優良的白蝦,已然成為台灣蝦類養殖的主要物種。但是在商業利益的追求下,養殖戶為了能快速、大量的收成。從而高密度養殖或大量餵食,導致蝦隻過度擁擠且未食完之殘餌汙染水質,進一步導致蝦隻傳染病的爆發,而使台灣近年來白蝦產量只有一萬公噸左右,整體並無產量有所漲幅的趨勢。
本篇研究旨在尋找何種飼料可以解決養蝦業者最頭痛的難題:殘餌。從而利用鯖魚肉和蒼蠅幼蟲-蛆,已進行本次研究。蛆與鯖魚肉相比擁有較高的蛋白質含量,餵食蛆的白蝦,生長速率達到1.57,與吃鯖魚肉或飼料的白蝦生長速率相比,分別為1.03和0.71,提高了近50%。同時,將蛆置於海水環境,亦觀察到蛆可存活相當長的時間,經十日後存活率仍達到75%以上。若將蛆放置於水中,白蝦約於3小時內即可進行攝食,若不被攝食完,活蛆亦不會釋放出氨氮廢物,因此做為生物餌料是極具優勢。
Abstract
In recent decades, the reputation of Taiwan as "The Kingdom Of Tiger Shrimp" has ceased to be existence; however, the demand of shrimps in the market is still high. Therefore, white shrimp has highly adapted to harsh environments and disease resistance better than tiger shrimp which has become the main species of shrimp farming in Taiwan. Unfortunately, in order to create the better profits, farming fishermen put the shrimp into super-intensive farming and a lot of feeds. This behavior makes the shrimp pool environment too crowded, and shrimp’s food remains in the water which pollutes the pool, and ultimately, causes the spread of shrimp disease. Those reactions affect the white shrimp production which is only about 10,000 tons in recent years of Taiwan, the overall output does not increase in the trend.
The aim of this study was to find out which feeds can avoid the most troublesome problem: feed waste. Thus making use of mackerel meat and fly larvae – maggots, to conduct the study. Maggots have a higher protein content than mackerel meat. The species growth rate of white shrimp fed maggots is 1.57. Which is better than shrimp fed mackerel meat and artificial feed (i.e. improving approximately 50% than others). The effect is improved about 50% than others. Simultaneously, we observed that, maggot could survive in salt water for a long time when they dropped into seawater. After ten days,the maggots survival rate is 75%. When the maggots we put into the shrimp pool, shrimps could take up all maggots with 3 hours usually. If maggots were remaining, live maggots will not release ammonia and nitrite. Thus, it was a great advantage to use maggots as live food for shrimps.

Key word: White shrimp, feed waste, live food, maggot.
目次 Table of Contents
目錄
論文審定書i
論文公開授權書 ii
致謝 iii
摘要 iv
Abstract v
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 ix
第1章、前言 1
1-1海水養殖重要性 1
1-2台灣蝦類養殖之困境及現況 3
1-3微小藻類,綠藻與矽藻 6
1-4益生菌 (Probiotics) 9
1-5商用飼料的隱憂 11
1-6研究動機與目的 13
第2章、材料及方法 15
2-1實驗材料與成長計算 15
2-2實驗設定 16
2-2.1鹽度環境實驗設定 16
2-2.2綠藻、矽藻及益生菌之環境實驗設定 17
2-2.3不同餌料餵食實驗 17
2-2.4鯖魚肉餌料之製作與蛆蟲培養方式 18
2-2.5餌料與飼料對亞硝酸鹽釋放實驗 18
2-2.6鹽度對蛆存活率之影響 18
2-2.7統計分析 18
2-3養殖水質檢測 19
2-3.1氨-氮測定 19
2-3.2亞硝酸-氮濃度檢測 20
2-3.3葉綠素甲 (Chl - a) 檢測 21
2-3.4細菌計數方法 22
第3章、結果與討論 23
3-1白蝦在不同鹽度下成長結果 23
3-1.1白蝦成長結果與討論 23
3-1.2水質測量結果與討論 26
3-2 綠藻、矽藻及益生菌之環境白蝦成長與水質結果 30
3-2.1白蝦成長結果與討論 30
3-2.2水質測量結果與討論 34
3-3 不同餌料餵食白蝦之結果 40
3-3.1 不同餌料餵食比較 40
3-3.2餌料對於亞硝酸鹽之釋放 40
3-3.3鹽度對蛆存活率影響 40
3-3.4不同餌料餵食白蝦之討論 43
第4章、結論 45
參考文獻 46
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