被動傳輸 (Passive transport) 為生物幫浦 (Biological pump) 的一部分，主要是透光層中浮游植物光合作用合成的有機物質，脫離再循環之後，向下傳輸的垂直通量，而溶解態有機質的對流與擴散也被認為在生物幫浦中是不可忽視的。本研究旨在探討北南海及西北太平洋被動傳輸之現況。
研究結果顯示，有機碳的輸出通量於北南海常態春季 (100m)、夏季 (100m)、內波特殊事件、西北太平洋常態春季 (100m) 和颱風事件 (150m) 分別為66.8±1.29 mg C m-2 d-1、64.3±1.47 mg C m-2 d-1、 155±15.9 mg C m-2 d-1、18.4~19.9 mg C m-2 d-1及93.2 mg C m-2 d-1；有機氮通量分別為12.8±0.38 mg N m-2 d-1、12.1±0.47 mg N m-2 d-1、21.2±1.68 mg N m-2 d-1、3.05~3.52 mg N m-2 d-1及15.9 mg N m-2 d-1，而有機磷通量分別為0.99±0.07 mg P m-2 d-1、0.93±0.04 mg P m-2 d-1、1.79±0.19 mg P m-2 d-1、0.29~0.38 mg P m-2 d-1及0.97 mg P m-2 d-1。北南海冬季的有機碳通量利用Vertical Generalized Production Model (VGPM) 計算的結果為，在暖渦影響之下約為183±17 mg C m-2 d-1，在特殊事件影響之下 (渦旋、內波和颱風) 明顯地會提高有機碳氮磷的輸出通量，而有機碳氮磷的輸出通量與透光層之葉綠素儲量有顯著的正相關，且透光層中的葉綠素儲量也與透光層中營養鹽 (DIN) 的儲量呈現顯著正相關。因此，被動傳輸碳氮磷通量的多寡，是受到海洋透光層營養鹽存量及基礎生產力的影響。
本研究中，溶解有機質的對流與擴散通量隨著深度的增加而增加，受到內波影響時有明顯地提高，但是颱風事件時並沒有明顯的增加溶解有機質的擴散通量，主要是不利於向下傳輸所造成。
被動傳輸佔生物幫浦碳氮磷通量比例於北南海常態春季分別為
66.5%、74.3%及71.3%；北南海常態夏季為73.8±9.18%、76.6±0.58%及75.1±2.02%；在內波事件為62.1%、73.5%及64.7%；西北太平洋常態春季則是62.6%、65.6%及64.7%。被動傳輸在生物幫浦中明顯佔了較大的比例，而擴散通量的比例 (約0.59~7.3%) 並非生物幫浦中重要的一部分。

The passive flux, a part of biological pump, is sinking organic matters produced by phytoplankton photosynthesis in the upper layer and escaped from regeneration in the euphotic zone. In addition, the vertical flux of dissolved organic matter (DOM) may be worth noting in the biological pump.
Passive fluxes of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the Northern South China Sea (NSCS) were respectively estimated to be 66.8±1.29 mg C m-2 d-1, 12.8±0.38 mg N m-2 d-1 and 0.99±0.07 mg P m-2 d-1 in the spring season, about 64.3±1.47 mg C m-2 d-1, 12.1±0.47 mg N m-2 d-1 and 0.93±0.04 mg P m-2 d-1 in the summer season, about 155±15.9 mg C m-2 d-1, 21.2±1.68 mg N m-2 d-1 and 1.79±0.19 mg P m-2 d-1 in an internal-waves induced event. The fluxes were also found to be 18.4~19.9 mg C m-2 d-1, 3.05~3.52 mg N m-2 d-1 and 0.29~0.38 mg P m-2 d-1 in the spring season in the Northwest Pacific (NP), and about 93.2 mg C m-2 d-1, 15.9 mg N m-2 d-1 and 0.97 mg P m-2 d-1 in a typhoon influenced event. Meanwhile, the organic carbon flux derived from the Vertical Generalized Production Model (VGPM) was 183±17 mg C m-2 d-1 in a winter anticyclonic eddy in NSCS. Passive fluxes of CNP were obviously enhanced by the special events (internal-waves and typhoons). Positive correlations were significant between the chlorophyll inventory and DIN inventory, and also significant between passive fluxes of CNP and DIN inventory in the euphotic zone. Thus, passive fluxes of CNP were apparently driven by primary production.
The diffusion flux of DOM increased generally with depth and was enhanced obviously in the internal-waves condition. However, the DOM flux was not enhanced in a typhoon event.
The proportions of CNP fluxes to the biological pump in NSCS are 66.5%, 74.3% and 71.3%, respectively, in regular spring, about 3.8±9.18%, 76.6±0.58% and 75.1±2.02%, respectively, in regular summer, and about 62.1%, 73.5% and 64.7%, respectively, in an internal-waves induced event, and about 62.6%, 65.6% and 64.7%, respectively, in regular spring in the NP. The passive flux accounts for the highest proportion of the biological pump. However, the proportion of DOM flux is insignificant in the biological pump.

論文審定書 i
致謝 iii
中文摘要 iv
Abstract vi
目錄 viii
圖目錄 x
表目錄 xii
第一章、前言 1
1.1大氣二氧化碳對海洋碳循環的影響 1
1.2 研究目的 2
第二章、材料與方法 5
2.1研究區域 5
2.2採樣及分析方法 7
2.3表層沉降顆粒收集 10
2.4樣品分析 12
2.4.1 溶解態有機碳之測定 12
2.4.2 總溶解態氮及溶解態有機氮之測定 13
2.4.3 總溶解磷及溶解態有機磷之測定 13
2.4.4 顆粒態有機碳、氮分析 14
2.4.5 顆粒態有機磷之分析 15
2.4.6 葉綠素a之測定 15
2.4.7 VGPM (Vertically Generalized Production Model) 15
第三章、結果與討論 17
3.1水文概況 17
3.1.1 混合層與透光層 17
3.1.2 OR1-1039 水文概況 17
3.1.3 OR1-1059水文概況 21
3.1.4 OR1-1074水文概況 28
3.1.5 OR1-1082航次水文概況 32
3.1.6 OR3-1773航次水文概況 35
3.1.7 OR5-1307-2航次水文概況 38
3.1.8 OR5-0035航次水文概況 41
3.2有機碳、氮、磷輸出通量 43
3.3沉降顆粒碳、氮、磷間之莫爾比 54
3.4溶解有機碳擴散通量 57
3.5被動傳輸與擴散通量佔生物幫浦之比例 62
第四章、結論 64
第五章、參考文獻 66

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National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
http://www.noaa.gov/

中央氣象局
http://www.cwb.gov.tw/

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