紅肉ㄚ髻鮫在臺灣沿近海的鯊魚漁業中是重要的經濟鯊種，但由於其魚鰭價值高以及易受漁業壓力影響之-K選擇生存策略，被國際自然保育聯盟(IUCN)評為有瀕臨滅絕之疑慮的瀕危(EN)等級，是漁業資源管理上亟需關注的對象。
無危害證明(Non-Detriment Finding, NDF)為華盛頓公約(CITES)在2013年於曼谷召開的第16屆締約國大會(CoP16)上列入決議的內容。 決議中聲明: 「若締約成員國要進行附錄二或是非商業性之附錄一名單之物種貿易時，必須由該國之主管機關，參考其科學機構做評估所提出貿易對族群並無危害的“正面”證明後，才能宣稱該物種之出口並不會危害到物種之生存，而得以進行物種的出口」。這決議使得「無危害證明」成為CITES締約國在進行附錄物種之貿易時，各國CITES的科學機構所需評估並背書的必要出口證明文件。
NDF在我國為新的觀念，尚未有實踐之例。本研究參考德國的NDF判定流程、歐盟之漁業管理和貿易管制經驗、澳洲官方出版的附錄二鯊種NDF評估報告等國外NDF實踐經驗，以及國內管理現狀，建構出了適合臺灣國情之NDF判定流程。 本研究更參考IUCN向CITES科學機構建議之NDF指導綱領，將IUCN原建議之26項風險評估指標，依實用性改良成20項指標，建構出NDF瀕危指標分析法，有助於我國在執行物種的NDF判定時，物種NDF在被判定成負面的情況下，可使用此方法可找出被判定為負面的原因，並得出有效的改善建議。
本研究將上述的判定流程與風險分析法做結合，發現到我國在未來執行紅肉ㄚ髻鮫的NDF時，會遇到(1)需制定總容許漁獲量(TAC)、(2)沿近海管理規範(ex: 資源保育區)和(3)貨品分類號列(ccc code)需新設等問題，其中(3)貨品分類號列的未設立，將導致物種受到的交易壓力無法評估，這些是未來需要改善之部分。

Scalloped hammerhead shark (SPL: Sphyrna lewini) is an important target species in Taiwanese costal shark fishery. The high value and demand of their fin, and K- selection’s life history, made the fish assessed as endangered species, and required urgent concern for its resource management. Non-Detriment Finding (NDF) is the key concept listed in CITES’s Resolution Conference 16.7 , which claimed that, “Export permits for specimens of species included in Appendices I and II shall be granted only when a Scientific Authority of the State of export has advised that such export will not be detrimental to the survival of the species”. This resolution made NDF becomes the essential scientific document, while the export country needs to grant the export permit of Appendices I and II species. NDF has not be studied and developed in Taiwan yet. This study take German’s NDF procedure, European and Australian’s implementation experiences, and domestic management status of Taiwan as references, to develop a NDF determination process that would be suitable for Taiwan’s situation.
Furthermore, to execute the NDF’s determination process, the study simplified the IUCN’s NDF Guidance suggested 26 indicators into 20 indicators of 7 categories, and used these indicators to establish the “NDF risk assessment method”, which is helpful for Taiwan’s government to analyze the risks of SPL, and obtain suggestions for improvement, if the NDF of the species is determined as negative. Based on the above approaches, this study found that Taiwan are facing (1) TAC’s determination, (2) Coastal regulation and (3) CCC code’s problems; especially the lack of CCC code will lead species trade pressure cannot be evaluated. These are the major issues that SPL’s NDF implementation needs to be improved in the future.

論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
中文摘要 iii
ABSTRACT iv
目次 v
圖次 vii
表次 viii
第一章、緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究目的 5
1.3 研究方法 6
1.4 研究流程 7
第二章、文獻探討 8
2.1 NDF之理論基礎 9
2.1.1 NDF的源起 9
2.1.2 NDF的判定 11
2.1.3 NDF的評估指標 12
2.1.4 NDF之執行應用 14
2.2 歐盟與澳洲在無危害證明上的實踐經驗 16
2.2.1 歐盟經驗: 德國頒布之全世界第一份鯊魚NDF判定流程圖 16
2.2.2 歐盟經驗: 共同漁業政策CFP與TAC配額制定流程 21
2.2.3 歐盟經驗: 對CITES附錄物種貿易限制之執行方式 24
2.2.4 澳洲經驗: 澳洲海域紅肉ㄚ髻鮫之無危害證明評估報告 27
2.3 研究對象: 臺灣沿近海紅肉ㄚ髻鮫概況 34
2.3.1 臺灣沿近海紅肉ㄚ髻鮫之資源概況 34
2.3.2 紅肉ㄚ髻鮫在臺灣的資源管理現況 38
第三章、研究方法 42
3.1 文件分析法 43
3.2 NDF瀕危指標風險分析法 44
3.3 專家調查法 46
3.4 研究分析之限制 47
第四章 研究分析結果 48
4.1 歐盟、澳洲和臺灣於NDF管理上的現狀分析比較結果 49
4.2 我國NDF風險評估指標之建構 51
4.3 臺灣紅肉ㄚ髻鮫NDF風險評估指標分析結果 54
4.4 專家學者及管理單位意見討論 59
4.5 NDF在臺灣之應用: 臺灣海域產紅肉ㄚ髻鮫NDF判定流程 67
第五章、討論 70
5.1 設立紅肉ㄚ髻鮫TAC的重要性 71
5.2 臺灣海域紅肉ㄚ髻鮫的沿近海管理問題 77
5.3 貨品分類號列(CCC CODE)的新設和交易壓力評估 81
5.4 從臺灣「寶石珊瑚的資源保育與管理」經驗看紅肉ㄚ髻鮫的管理改進 85
第六章 結論與建議 86
6.1 建議 86
6.2 結論 89
參考資料 92
附錄1. 申請及核發附錄二鯊魚及鬼幅魟屬物種來源證明書 97
附錄2. 紅肉ㄚ髻鮫NDF風險評估指標問卷 101
附錄3. NDF二十項風險指標評估結果 104
附錄4. 臺灣國貿局現行鯊魚相關貨品分類號列表 105

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