自從台灣戒嚴以來，在過去二十年間，非營利組織在台灣蓬勃發展。根據內政部統計，目前在台灣的非營利組織數量總共超過八萬間。雖然非營利組發展的如此迅速茂盛，然而，高離職率卻一直是存在於非營利組織很嚴重的問題。非營利組織和政府以及營利企業最大的不同就是財務資源非常有限，加上非營利組織中的高流動率，導致人力不足，在工作推行上更加困難。且非營利組織屬於人群服務的職業，如果員工缺發正向積極且樂於服務的動機和精神，他們容易感受到挫敗甚至產生想離職的企圖。本研究之主要動機，主要希望能幫助降低非營利組織的高流動率之問題。
本研究旨在探討利他主義、利己主義及離職傾向之相關性，並以倫理氣候做為調節變數。在統計分析及抽樣上，主要以回歸分析研究變數之間的影響效果，並以參考台灣非營利組織之全職員工，總計123位作為研究對象。經實證分析後發現，離職傾向受到利己主義的影響。且在倫理氣候:功利氣候以及法律與準則氣候中，會減緩利己主義對離職傾向之影響。根據研究結果，為了降低組織內的員工流動率，在招募階段須謹慎評估求職者的動機，可採用利己主義量表在招募階段淘汰離職傾向較高的求職者。在實務上，以期提供非營利組之降低員工離職率問題之參考。

Since Taiwan has rescinded martial law, the nonprofit organizations(NPOs) are dramatically vigorous developed. For the past twenty years, it is the fast-growing period for NPOs in Taiwan. According to the statistics of Social Enterprise Insights, until 2016, there are more than 80,000 nonprofit organizations in Taiwan. However, the high turnover rate is a big issue in NPOs. Also NPOs belongs to a human service career, if full-time staff do not have enough positive and altruistic motivation and energy to work, they are easily feel frustrated and intend to leave the organizations. Therefore, the motivation of this study is to help to decrease the turnover rate in NPOs.
The purpose of this study is to examine the main effect of altruism and egoism on turnover intention, and the moderating effect of ethical climate. Regression analysis was used to examine the hypothesis in a samples of 123 full-time staff in NPOs. The result suggested that egoism had a positive relationship to turnover intention. And in the ethical climate: instrumental, and law & code will weaken the relationship between egoism and turnover intention. The finding may help nonprofit organizations to decrease their turnover rate.

Content

論文審定書 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
Introduction 1
1.1 Research Background 1
1.2 Research Motivation and Purpose 1
Literature Review 4
2.1 Nonprofit Organizations 4
2.1.1 The origin of nonprofit organizations 4
2.1.2 Definition 4
2.1.3 Type of NPOs 6
2.2 Altruism 7
2.2.1 Definition 7
2.2.2 Dispositions in Altruism 8
2.3 Egoism 9
2.3.1 Definition 9
2.3.2 Dispositions in Egoism 10
2.4 Turnover Intention 10
2.5 Ethical Climate 13
2.5.1 Definition 13
2.5.2 Theoretical and Empirical Basis for Ethical Climate 14
2.6 IV-DV Altruism-Turnover Intention 17
2.7 IV-DV Egoism-Turnover Intention 19
2.8 Moderating Effects 19
Research Methods 22
3.1 Data Collection and Sample 22
3.2 Measures 23
Results 26
Discussion 40
5.1 Discussion and Conclusion 40
5.2 Managerial Application 41
5.3 Research Limitation & Suggestion for Future Research 42
Reference 44
Appendix 48

 
Content of Table
Table 1 Four Types of Turnover 13
Table 2 Theoretical Dimensions of Ethical Climate 17
Table 3 Theoretically- and Empirically-Identified Dimensions of Ethical Climate 17
Table 4 Means, Standard Deviations, and Correlations a 28
Table 5 Regression Analysis of Moderating Effect of Ethical Climate: Caring on Altruism and Turnover Intention 29
Table 6 Regression Analysis of Moderating Effect of Ethical Climate: Instrumental on Altruism and Turnover Intention 30
Table 7 Regression Analysis of Moderating Effect of Ethical Climate: Law & Code on Altruism and Turnover Intention 31
Table 8 Regression Analysis of Moderating Effect of Ethical Climate: Rules on Altruism and Turnover Intention 32
Table 9 Regression Analysis of Moderating Effect of Ethical Climate: Independent on Altruism and Turnover Intention 33
Table 10 Regression Analysis of Moderating Effect of Ethical Climate: Caring on Egoism and Turnover Intention 34
Table 11 Regression Analysis of Moderating Effect of Ethical Climate: Instrumental on Egoism and Turnover Intention 35
Table 12 Regression Analysis of Moderating Effect of Ethical Climate: Law & Code on Egoism and Turnover Intention 36
Table 13 Regression Analysis of Moderating Effect of Ethical Climate: Rules on Egoism and Turnover Intention 37
Table 14 Regression Analysis of Moderating Effect of Ethical Climate: Independent on Egoism and Turnover Intention 38

Content of Figure
Figure 1 Hypothesis 23
Figure 2 Effect of Interaction between Egoism and Ethical Climate: Instrumental on Turnover Intention 38
Figure 3 Effect of Interaction between Egoism and Ethical Climate: Law & Code on Turnover Intention 39

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Online resources:
ICNPO• The International Classification of Non-profit Organizations
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/13-015-x/2009000/sect13-eng.htm
吳芳德 (2015)•籌組宜蘭縣非營利組織從業人員職業工會的必要性http://www.yilannpou.org.tw/epaper/epaper_view.asp?id=14&iid=29
中華民國內政部•社會團體許可立案作業規定http://glrs.moi.gov.tw/LawContentDetails.aspx?id=FL002651