本研究探討創新管理領域。透過大量的文獻探討,本研究整理出五個創新管 理中的重要領域:內部研發、新產品研發過程、人力資源管理措施、組織文化及 外部環境協作。此外,本研究在創新管理中的各項關鍵領域,提出一套典範實務。 本研究主要目的,藉由探討實際個案公司,如何在創新管理中的典範實務。因此, 本文從眾多個案公司挑選這兩家個案公司為:三星(Samsung),B 公司,以作為更 深入的研究。透過比較研究方法,本文調查特定的組織因素,如:行業類別、員 工數量、收入決定創新管理的特殊領域及相關的典範實務聚焦在如何提高配合組 織本身。因此,本研究提供給經營管理者,比較及評估本身的創新活動,探索的 規模至組織本身是否有創新,及指出可以更進一步改善的領域。

This master thesis explores the field of innovation management. Drawing on a wide body of literature, the thesis identifies five key areas of innovation management, namely internal R&D, new product development process, human resource practices, organizational culture, and collaboration with external environment. Furthermore, this work identifies a set of best practices for each of the key areas of managing innovations. The objective of the thesis is to explore how the identified best practices in innovation management are applied in real life context. For this purpose, the thesis uses an exploratory case study research approach on the example of Samsung and Company B. A sample of two companies was chosen in order to enable for a more in-depth research. Through comparative research approach, the author investigates how certain organizational factors such as industry, number of employees, and revenue determine what specific areas of innovation management and what related best practices companies focus on in order to increase the fit with their organization. As such, the thesis enables managers to compare and assess their own innovation activity, explore the extent to which their organization is innovative, and identify areas for further improvement.

Thesis Approval Sheet ... i
Acknowledgement ... ii
摘要 ... iii
Abstract ... iv
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ... v
Table of Contents ... vi
List of Figures ... viii
List of Tables ... ix
Chapter 1: Introduction ... 1
1.1 Background Information ... 1
1.2 Research Objectives ... 3
1.3 Structure and Research Process ... 4
Chapter 2: Innovations and Innovation Management ... 7
2.1 Innovations and the Basic Characteristics of Innovations ... 8
2.1.1 Invention and Innovation ... 9
2.2 Types of Innovations ... 10
2.2.1 Product and Process Innovations ... 10
2.2.2 Incremental and Radical Innovations ... 11
2.2.3 Primary and Secondary Innovations ... 15
2.3 Innovation Process ... 16
2.3.1 Technology-Push Linear Model ... 16
2.3.2 Demand-Pull Linear Model ...18
2.4 Sources of Innovation ... 18
2.4.1 Internal Sources of Innovation ...19
2.4.2 External Sources of Innovation ... 23
2.4.3 Cooperation, Partnerships and Government Research ... 24
2.4.3.1 Portfolio of Partnerships and Alliances ... 26
2.4.3.1 Open Source Innovations ... 27
2.5 New Product Development ... 28
2.5.1 Stage-Gate Process ... 29
2.5.2 Business Model Innovations ... 31
2.6 The Main Principles and Best Practices in Innovation Management ... 33
2.6.1 Organizational Culture Fostering Company-wide Innovation Process ... 35
2.6.2 HRM Practices Supporting Innovation Management ... 37
2.6.3 Strong internal R&D ... 39
2.6.4 New Product Development Process Based on Formal Set of Rules ... 40
2.6.5 Collaborative Strategies ... 40
Chapter 3: Research Method ... 42
Chapter 4: Data Analysis and Findings ... 46
4.1 Brief Introduction of Samsung ... 46
4.2 Innovation Management System Applied in Samsung ... 48
4.2.1 Best Practices ... 49
4.2.1.1 BP1: Organizational Culture Fostering The Innovation Process ...50
4.2.1.2 BP2: HRM Practices Supporting Innovation Management ...53
4.2.1.3 BP3: Strong Internal R&D ... 57
4.2.1.4 BP4: Collaborative Strategies ... 64
4.2.1.5 BP5: New Product Development Based on Formal Set of Rules ... 71
4.2.2 Strengths ... 74
4.2.3 Weaknesses ... 77
4.3 Brief Introduction of Company B ... 78
4.4 Innovation Management System Applied in Company B ... 80
4.4.1 Need for Innovations in a Traditional Industry ... 80
4.4.2 Best Practices ... 82
4.4.2.1 BP1: Organizational Culture Fostering The Innovation Process ... 82
4.4.2.2 BP2: HRM Practices Supporting Innovation Management ... 84
4.4.2.3 BP3: Strong Internal R&D ... 87
4.4.2.4 BP5: New Product Development Based on Formal Set of Rules ... 92
4.4.2.5 BP5: Collaborative strategies ... 95
4.4.3 Strengths ... 96
4.4.4 Weaknesses ... 99
Chapter 5: Discussion and Conclusion ... 101
5.1 Comparison of IMS in Samsung and Company B ... 101
5.2 Recommendations for IMS Applied in Samsung ... 108
5.3 Recommendations for IMS Applied in Company B ... 109
References ... 114
Appendices ... 122
Appendix A: Interview Questions Script ... 122

1. About Samsung. (2015, May 18). Retrieved from http://www.businessinsider.com/a-full-breakdown-of-how-samsung-is-whupping- apple-in-china-2013-7
2. Adams, R., Bessant, J., & Phelps, R. (2006). Innovation management measurement: A review. International Journal of Management Reviews, 8(1), 21– 47. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2006.00119.x
3. Adinoyi, Y. M., Ernawati, M. K., & Yusof, N. A. (2014). Influences of Firm Size, Age and Sector on Innovation Behavior of Construction Consultancy Services Organizations in Developing Countries. Business Management Dynamics, 4(4), 1–9.
4. Affiliated Companies. (2015, May 18). Retrieved from http://www.samsung.com/us/
5. Amabile, T. M. (1998). How to kill creativity. Harvard Business Review, 76(5), 77–87.
6. Amabile, T. M., Conti, R., Coon, H., Lazenby, J., & Herron, M. (1996). Assessing the Work Environment for Creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 39(5), 1154–1184. http://doi.org/10.2307/256995
7. Amit, R., & Zott, C. (2012). Creating Value Through Business Model Innovation. Sloan Management Review, 53(3), 41–49.
8. Archibugi, D., & Pianta, M. (1996). Innovation surveys and patents as technology indicators: the state of the art. OECD  : Innovation, patents and technological strategies.
9. Baregheh, A., Rowley, J., & Sambrook, S. (2009). Towards a multidisciplinary definition of innovation. Management Decision, 47(8), 1323–1339.
10. Barney, J. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99–120. http://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
11. Beugelsdijk, S. (2008). Strategic Human Resource Practices and Product Innovation. Organization Studies, 29(6), 821–847.
12. Brouwer, E., & Kleinknecht, A. . (1994). Innovation in the Dutch Industry (1992). The Hague: Ministry of Economic Affairs (Series Policy Studies Technology and Economy, nr. 27).
13. Cho, J. (2015, March 5). Samsung Acquires YESCO Electronics to Strengthen B2B Business [Text]. Retrieved from http://businesskorea.co.kr/article/9415/another-acquisition-samsung-acquires- yesco-electronics-strengthen-b2b-business
14. Cho, M. (2015, April 6). The chaebols: The rise of South Korea’s mighty conglomerates. Retrieved from http://www.cnet.com/news/the-chaebols-the-rise- of-south-koreas-mighty-conglomerates/
15. Christensen, C. M. (1997). The Innovator’s Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail. Harvard Business Press.
16. Christensen, C. M., Johnson, M. W., & Rigby, D. K. (2002). Foundations for Growth: How to Identify and Build Disruptive New Businesses. MIT Sloan
Management Review, 43(3), 23–24.
17. Chu, J. (2013, November). Company B.
18. Čimo, J., & Mariaš, M. (1998). Inovácie vo firemnej stratégii. Bratislava. Bratislava: Sprint.
19. Company B. (2014). Annual report 2013 (p. 5). Retrieved from Company B’s official website
20. Company B. (n.d.). Retrieved from Company B’s official website
21. Cooper, R. (2008). The Stage-Gate Idea-to-Launch Process-Update: What’s New and NexGen Systems. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 25(3), 213– 232.
22. Damanpour, F. (1992). Organizational Size and Innovation. Organization Studies, 13(3), 375–402. http://doi.org/10.1177/017084069201300304.
23. Deeds, D. (2001). The Role of R&D Intensity, Technical Development and Absorptive Capacity in Creating Entrepreneurial Wealth in High Technology Start-Ups. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 18, 29–47.
24. Disruptive Innovation. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.christenseninstitute.org/key-concepts/disruptive-innovation-2/
25. Disruptive Innovation. (2015, May 9). Retrieved from http://www.claytonchristensen.com/key-concepts/
26. Diversity management. (2015, May 17). Retrieved from http://www.samsung.com/us/aboutsamsung/sustainability/people/
27. Doz, Y., & Wilson, K. (2012). Overcoming the Global Innovation Trade-Off. Strategy+business, (69), 6–7.
28. Drucker, P. (1999, September 23). Innovate or die. The Economist. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/node/242082
29. Drucker, P. F. (2006). Innovation and Entrepreneurship (Reprint edition). New York, NY: HarperBusiness.
30. Dussauge, P., Planellas, M., & Wassmer, U. (2010). How to manage alliances better than one at a time. MIT Sloan Management Review, 51(3), 77–84.
31. Ettlie, J. E., & Reza, E. M. (1992). Organizational Integration and Process Innovation. Academy of Management Journal, 35(4), 795–827.
32. Exchange Rates UK. (n.d.). Taiwan Dollar to US Dollar. Retrieved from http://www.exchangerates.org.uk/TWD-USD-31_12_2013-exchange-rate- history.html
33. Executing With Strategic Speed. (2010, May 11). Retrieved from https://hbr.org/video/embed/2226595806001
34. Furr, N., & Dyer, J. (2014). Choose the Right Innovation Method at the Right Time. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2014/12/choose- the-right-innovation-method-at-the-right-time
35. Gartner Says Smartphone Sales Surpassed One Billion Units in 2014. (2015, March 3). Retrieved from http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2996817
36. Geisler, E. (1995). An integrated cost–performance model of research-and- development evaluation. Omega – International Journal of Management Science, 23(3), 281–294.
37. Greve, H. R. (2003). A Behavioral Theory of R&D Expenditures and Innovations: Evidence from Shipbuilding. Academy of Management Journal, 46(6), 685–702. http://doi.org/10.2307/30040661
38. Hackett, R. (2015, February 24). These tech companies scored the most patents in 2014. Retrieved from http://fortune.com/2015/02/24/most-patents-companies- 2014/
39. Hage, J., & Meeus, M. (Eds.). (2009). Innovation, Science, and Institutional Change: A Research Handbook (1 edition). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
40. Hamel, G., & Välikangas, L. (2003). The Quest for Resilience. Harvard Business Review, 81(9), 52–65.
41. Harkin, J. (2011). Niche: Why the Market No Longer Favours the Mainstream. Hachette UK.
42. Heracleous, L., & Wirtz, J. (2010). Singapore Airlines’ balancing act. Harvard Business Review, 88(7/8), 146–149.
43. Holam, R., Jaruzelski, B., & Loehr, J. (2012). The Global Innovation 1000: Making Ideas Work. Strategy + Business, (69), 43–57.
44. Hudakova, I. (2009). Impact of the global financial and economic crisis on businesses and their competitiveness. University of Economics in Bratislava. Retrieved from http://mpra.ub.uni- muenchen.de/57344/1/MPRA_paper_57344.pdf
45. Hugh, H. (2015). Building Sustainable Competitive Advantage Through Collaborative Innovation. Retrieved from http://www.shannonabc.ie/conference2015/presentations/6 Hugh Henry.p df
46. IFI CLAIMS Announces 2014 Top U.S. Patent Recipients. (2015, January 11). Retrieved from
http://www.ificlaims.com/index.php?page=news&type=view&id=ifi- claims/ifi-claims-announces_4&keep_session=674146651
47. IFI CLAIMS Announces Top U.S. Patent Assignees of 2013. (2014, January 13). Retrieved from
http://www.ificlaims.com/index.php?page=news&type=view&id=ifi- claims/ifi-claims-announces_3&keep_session=226759837
48. Iii, E. M. S., Clifton, T. J., & Kruse, D. (1996). Flexible Work Hours and Productivity: Some Evidence from the Pharmaceutical Industry. Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 35(1), 123–139. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-232X.1996.tb00398.x
49. Infinancials. (2015). Stock Performance Benchmark. Retrieved from http://www.infinancials.com/.
50. Interbrand’s 15th annual Best Global Brands Report. (2015, October 9). Internbrand. Retrieved from http://interbrand.com/en/newsroom/15/interbrands- th-annual-best-global-brands-report
51. Jasko, A. (2013, April 25). Innovations as a source of competitive advantage. Comenius University in Bratislava. Faculty of Management; Department of Management, Bratislava  : UK.
52. Janićijević, N. (2013). The Mutual Impact of Organizational Culture and Structure. Economic Annals, 58(198), 35–60.
53. Jaruzelski, B., Staack, V., & Goehle, B. (2014). Global Innovation 1000: Proven Paths to Innovation Success. Strategy + Business, 77, 1–16.
54. Kanani, R. (2012, October 5). Business Model Innovation is the Fastest Path to Greatness. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/rahimkanani/2012/10/04/business-model-innovation- is-the-fastest-path-to-greatness/
55. Kerzner, H. (2004). Advanced Project Management: Best Practices on Implementation. John Wiley & Sons.
56. Khachatourians, G. G., & Phillips, P. W. B. (2001). The Biotechnology Revolution in Global Agriculture: Invention, Innovation and Investment in the Canola Sector (First edition). Wallingford, Oxon, UK  ; New York: CABI.
57. Kim, D.-J. (2008, June 4). Value Innovation Program for Product Planning of Samsung Electronics. Retrieved from http://www.value- eng.org/2008conference/Kim_DJ-Value_Innovation_Program_for_Samsung.pdf
58. Kim, E. (2014, July 27). Samsung Plans To Hire “Like Crazy” In Silicon Valley To Find The ’Next Big Thing’. Retrieved from http://www.businessinsider.com/samsung-silicon-valley-rd-center-2014-7
59. Kim, W. C., & Mauborgne, R. (2006). Blue Ocean Strategy: How to Create Uncontested Market Space and Make the Competition Irrelevant (Unabridged edition). New York: Your Coach Digital.
60. Kim, W., & Mauborgne, R. (2004). Blue Ocean Strategy. Harvard Business Review, 82(10), 76–84.
61. King, R. (2013, Bef). Samsung looking for next big thing through new strategy and innovation hub. Retrieved from http://www.zdnet.com/article/samsung- looking-for-next-big-thing-through-new-strategy-and-innovation-hub/
62. Kline, S. J. (1986). An overview of innovation. In The Positive Sum Strategy: Harnessing Technology for Economic Growth (R. Landau & N. Rosenberg, pp. 275–305). Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
63. Kline, S. J., & Rosenberg. (n.d.). An overview of innovation.
64. Kwon, O.-H. (2015). CEO Letter to Shareholders. Samsung Electronics. Retrieved from
http://www.samsung.com/us/aboutsamsung/investor_relations/stock_info/meeting _shareholder/download/46th AGM_SEC_Letter.pdf
65. Lee, J. (2012, KSTMar). Samsung Develops Low-Cost “Eye Mouse.” Retrieved from http://blogs.wsj.com/korearealtime/2012/03/22/samsung-develops-low-cost- eye-mouse/?KEYWORDS=Eyecan
66. Lee, M., & Kim, M. (2013, July 26). A Full Breakdown Of How Samsung Is Whupping Apple In China. Retrieved from http://www.businessinsider.com/a- full-breakdown-of-how-samsung-is-whupping-apple-in-china-2013-7
67. Main Direction for Industry-Academia Cooperation. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.samsung.com/global/business/semiconductor/aboutus/business/open- innovation/cooperation-industry-academia
68. MarketLine. (2015). Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.: Company Profile (p. 32). Retrieved from MarketLine Advantage database.
69. Market Publishers. (n.d.). Fundamental Company Report Including Financial, SWOT, Competitors and Industry Analysis (Company Report) (p. 2). Retrieved from https://pdf.marketpublishers.com/bac_swot
70. Mathisen, G. E., & Einarsen, S. (2004). A Review of Instruments Assessing Creative and Innovative Environments Within Organizations. Creativity Research
Journal, 16(1), 119–140. http://doi.org/10.1207/s15326934crj1601_12
Mercer, D. (2012, August 14). Strategy Analytics: Samsung Should Explore TV/Phone Cross-Marketing Opportunity To Resist iPhone Threat. Retrieved from http://www.bloomberg.com/article/2012-08-14/aN2IZLUqqsYs.html
72. Mogg, T. (2013, July 4). Samsung looks to the future with $4.5 billion investment in five new R&D centers. Retrieved from http://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/samsung-to-invest-4-5-billion-in-five-new- rd-centers/
73. Morningstar. (2015a, June 27). Samsung Electronics Co Ltd SSNLF. Retrieved from http://investors.morningstar.com/ownership/shareholders- overview.html?t=SSNLF&region=usa&culture=en-US&ownerCountry=USA
74. Morningstar. (2015b, June 27). Samsung Electronics Co Ltd SSNLF. Retrieved from http://investors.morningstar.com/
75. Naranjo‐Valencia, J. C., Jiménez‐Jiménez, D., & Sanz‐Valle, R. (2011). Innovation or imitation? The role of organizational culture. Management Decision, 49(1), 55–72. http://doi.org/10.1108/00251741111094437
76. O’Brien, C. (2013, February 4). Samsung reveals details of Silicon Valley innovation center. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from http://articles.latimes.com/2013/feb/04/business/la-fi-tn-samsung-reveals-silicon- valley-innovation-center-plans-1-billion-venture-fund-20130204
77. Oliver, N., Dewberry, E., & Dostaler, I. (1999). New product development performance and practice: an international benchmarking study in the consumer electronics industry. European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management.
78. Open Innovation: Overview. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.samsung.com/global/business/semiconductor/aboutus/business/open- innovation/overview
79. Ortt, J. R., & Van Duin, P. A. (2008). The evolution of innovation management towards contextual innovation. European Journal of Innovation Management, 11(4), 522–538.
80. Park, M. (2015, April 1). Samsung Group to Implement Flexible Work Hour System [Text]. Retrieved from http://www.businesskorea.co.kr/article/9880/samsung-smart-work-samsung- group-implement-flexible-work-hour-system
81. Parthasarthy, R., & Hammond, J. (2002). Product innovation input and outcome: moderating effects of the innovation process. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 19(1), 75–91. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0923- 4748(01)00047-9
82. Porter, M. ., & Ketels, C. H. . (2003). UK Competitiveness: Moving to the Next Stage. DTI Economics Paper, 3.
83. Porter, M. E. (1998). Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance (1 edition). New York: Free Press.
84. Porter, M. E. (2008). The five competitive forces that shape strategy. Harvard Business Review, 86(1), 78–93, 137.
85. Research and Development. (2015, May 18). Retrieved from http://www.samsung.com/us/aboutsamsung/samsung_electronics/business_area/r d_page
86. Roberts, E. B. (2001a). Benchmarking Global Strategic Management of Technology. Research-Technology Management, 44(2), 25.
87. Roberts, E. B. (2001b). Benchmarking Global Strategic Management of Technology. Research-Technology Management, 44(2), 25–36.
88. Role of Overseas Research Centers. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.samsung.com/global/business/semiconductor/aboutus/business/open- innovation/operation-overseas-research-centers
89. Rothwell, R. (1994). Towards the Fifth-generation Innovation Process. International Marketing Review, 11(1), 7–31.
90. Sales, A., & Fournier, M. (2007). Knowledge, Communication and Creativity. SAGE.
91. Samsung Electronics - World’s Most Admired Companies 2015. (2015). Retrieved from http://fortune.com/worlds-most-admired-companies/samsung- electronics-30/
92. Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.samsung.com/us/aboutsamsung/investor_relations/financial_informati on/downloads/2014/2014_con_quarter04_all.pdf
93. Samsung Electronics Hosts Innovative Technology Exhibition. (2012, November 1). Retrieved from http://www.samsungvillage.com/blog/2012/11/01/samsung- electronics-hosts-innovative-technology-exhibition/
94. Samsung Electronics Sustainability Report 2012. (2012). Samsung Electronics. Retrieved from
http://www.samsung.com/us/aboutsamsung/sustainability/sustainabilityreports/do wnload/2012/2012_sustainability_rpt.pdf
95. Samsung Electronics. (2014). Sustainability Report 2014. Retrieved from http://www.samsung.com/us/aboutsamsung/sustainability/sustainabilityreports/
96. Samsung Electronics. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.linkedin.com/company/samsung
97. Samsung group announces massive investment plans. (2008, April 28). Retrieved from http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-04- 28/news/28381922_1_samsung-electronics-group-posts-samsung-group
98. Samsung Group: Our History. (2015, May 18). Retrieved from http://www.samsung.com/us/
99. Samsung No.1 In Smartwatches. (2015, March 10). Retrieved from http://seekingalpha.com/article/2989256-samsung-no-1-in-smartwatches
100. Samsung opens R&D center in Turkey. (2015, March 3). Retrieved from http://cistranfinance.com/news/samsung-opens-rd-center-in-turkey/6337/
101. Samsung Profile 2014. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.samsung.com/us/aboutsamsung/samsung_group/download/2014- aboutsamsung-eng.pdf
102. Samsung Smart App Challenge 2012. (2012). Retrieved from http://developer.samsung.com/ssac2012/eng/main.html
103. Samsung Strategy Innovation Center. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.samsung.com/us/ssic/investment/
104. Schilling, M. A. (2010). Strategic Management of Technological Innovation (3 edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Silverman, A. B. (2003). Understanding University Patent Policies. JOM, 55(1), 64.
106. Smartphone shipments market share vendors 2009-2015. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.statista.com/statistics/271496/global-market-share-held-by- smartphone-vendors-since-4th-quarter-2009/
107. South Korea. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://geert-hofstede.com/south-korea.html
108. Spicer, D. (2010, September 27). 10 factors creating job satisfaction: what motivates now? Retrieved from http://blogs.brad.ac.uk/management/experts/2010/09/10-factors-creating-job- satisfaction-what-motivates-now/
109. Stuart, T. E. (2000). Interorganizational alliances and the performance of firms: a study of growth and innovation rates in a high-technology industry. Strategic Management Journal, 21(8), 791–811.
110. Sull, D. (1999, July). Why Good Companies Go Bad. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/1999/07/why-good-companies-go-bad
111. Sustainability Report 2014. (2014). Samsung Electronics. Retrieved from http://www.samsung.com/us/aboutsamsung/sustainability/sustainabilityreports/
112. Swann, G. M. P. (2009). The Economics of Innovation: An Introduction. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
113. Taylor, W. C., & LaBarre, P. G. (2008). Mavericks at Work: Why the Most Original Minds in Business Win (Reprint edition). New York: Harper.
114. The Most Innovative Companies: An Interactive Guide. (2014). Retrieved from https://www.bcgperspectives.com/content/interactive/innovation_growth_most_in novative_companies_interactive_guide/
115. Thomson Reuters Top 100 Global Innovators. (2014). Retrieved from http://top100innovators.com/
116. Top 20 R&D spenders 2005–2014. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.strategyand.pwc.com/global/home/what-we- think/innovation1000/top-20-rd-spenders-2014
117. Values & Philosophy. (2015, May 17). Retrieved from http://www.samsung.com/us/aboutsamsung/samsung_group/values_and_philosop hy/
118. Van de Ven, A. (1986). Central problems in the management of innovation. Management Science, 32(5), 590–607.
119. Vision 2020. (2015, May 17). Retrieved from http://www.samsung.com/us/aboutsamsung/corporateprofile/visionmission.html
120. Wagstaff. (2012, September 6). Samsung’s challenge: keep the customer. Reuters. Retrieved from http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/09/06/us-samsung- ecosystem-idUSBRE8841J520120906
121. West, M. A., & Anderson, N. R. (1996). Innovation in top management teams. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(6), 680–693. http://doi.org/10.1037/0021- 9010.81.6.680
122. What is Blue Ocean Strategy? (2015). Retrieved from http://www.blueoceanstrategy.com/what-is-blue-ocean-strategy/
123. Whitney, L. (2014, November 25). Samsung’s “eye mouse” enables users to control their computer with a glance. Retrieved from http://www.cnet.com/news/samsungs-eyecan-lets-your-eyes-control-your- computer/
124. Wilson, M. (2015, February 17). Why Samsung Design Stinks. Retrieved from http://www.fastcodesign.com/3042408/why-samsung-design-stinks
125. Yilmaz, C., & Ergun, E. (2008). Organizational culture and firm effectiveness  : an examination of relative effects of culture traits and the balanced culture hypothesis in an emerging economy. Journal of World Business, 43(3), 290–306.
126. Yin, R. K. (2008). Case Study Research: Design and Methods (4th edition). Los Angeles, Calif: SAGE Publications, Inc.
127. Zajko et al, M. (2011). Inovácie: riadenie, hodnotenie, podpora, financovanie a transfer. Bratislava: STU v Bratislave.
128. Zajko et al, M. (2012). Inovácie: podniková prax, vzdelávanie a teória. Bratislava: STU v Bratislave.
129. Zander, C. (2014, February 7). World’s Biggest Lock Maker Sees Future in High Tech. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB1000142405270230418120457936859086797008 8.
130. Zien, K. A., & Buckler, S. A. (1997). From Experience Dreams to Market: Crafting a Culture of Innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 14(4), 274–287.