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博碩士論文 etd-0705104-200040 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0705104-200040
論文名稱
Title
程序設定快速啟動之螢光燈電子安定器
Electronic Ballasts for Fluorescent Lamps with Programmed Rapid-Start
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
111
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2004-06-03
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2004-07-05
關鍵字
Keywords
螢光燈、程序設定快速啟動、熾光放電、電子安定器
Electronic ballast, Glow discharge, Programmed rapid-start, Fluorescent lamp
統計
Statistics
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The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5801 times, has been downloaded 4785 times.
中文摘要
本文針對採用半橋串聯共振式換流器為主要電路架構之電子安定器提出三種程序設定快速啟動控制方式,分別為:(1)交流開關短路法、(2)具感應耦合式燈絲加熱電路之程序設定控制法、(3)串聯共振儲能槽諧振法,以改善快速啟動型螢光燈的啟動暫態特性。
首先提出的控制方式是藉由在傳統的串聯共振式電子安定器加入一固態交流開關來達成程序設定快速啟動。在預熱期間,安定器的固態交流開關將導通使燈管跨接零電壓,以消除此期間燈管的熾光電流。藉由調整安定器電路的操作頻率與主動切換開關的導通率,此安定器首先能產生適當大小的共振電流來加熱電極燈絲,並於交流開關截止時提供燈管足夠高的啟動電壓,最後於穩態操作時供應所需求之燈管功率。
第二種控制方式是在功因修正電路之儲能電感的鐵芯加繞兩組輔助線圈來作為燈絲加熱電路,並藉由控制安定器電路的主動切換開關,使功因修正電路在啟動後持續致動,以產生燈絲加熱電壓來加熱電極燈絲;並使共振式換流器電路在預熱階段不動作,避免燈管兩端產生跨壓,以消除燈管的熾光電流。當燈絲達到適當的電子發射溫度之後,隨即啟動串聯共振換流器來產生高壓以點亮燈管,然後穩定地操作燈管於所要求之功率。
最後所提出的控制方式是藉由在傳統的串聯共振式電子安定器的負載諧振網路加入一串聯共振儲能槽,並規劃從啟動到穩態各階段的操作頻率,以達到程序設定快速啟動。啟動後的預熱階段,電子安定器首先設定在串聯共振儲能槽的諧振頻率,以降低燈管電壓,確保不會發生熾光放電。經由電路參數設計,安定器能提供適當之燈絲預熱電流。當燈絲達到放射電子溫度後,接著調整安定器電路的操作頻率,以產生足夠高之燈管電壓來點燈,然後於穩態操作期間輸出所要求之燈管功率並提供適當的燈絲電流。
本文針對所提出之電子安定器電路,根據其開關導通情形建立電路的工作模式,分析電路工作原理。而為準確掌握燈絲操作特性,本文亦對燈絲電阻在預熱期間的變化詳加探討,並依據螢光燈之特性,將穩定工作時電弧視為純電阻,並加入燈絲電阻,建立螢光燈於點亮前後的等效電路模型。此外,文中亦應用基本波近似法來簡化電路分析,並搭配燈管之等效電路模型,建立安定器之等效電路,並以此等效電路為基礎推導電路參數的設計方程式及設計流程。最後,本文以實驗證實理論分析之結果。
Abstract
Three programmed rapid-start control schemes for the electronic ballasts with a half-bridge series-resonant inverter are proposed to improve the starting performance of the rapid-start fluorescent lamps. Included are: (1) programmed rapid-start control scheme with an ac switch, (2) programmed rapid-start control scheme with inductively coupled filament-heating circuit, and (3) programmed frequency control scheme with a series-resonant energy-tank.
The first control scheme is simply to add a solid-state ac switch onto the series-resonant electronic ballast to provide programmed rapid-start for the rapid-start fluorescent lamp. The ac switch is turned on to have a zero voltage across the lamp to eliminate the glow current during the preheating interval. By adjusting the operation frequency and the duty-ratio, the electronic ballast produces first an adequate resonant current for preheating the cathode filaments, then a sufficiently high lamp voltage for ignition, and finally a stable lamp arc of the required lamp power.
The second control scheme is accomplished by adding two auxiliary windings on the inductor of the power-factor-correction (PFC) circuit for the filament-heating circuits. During the preheating period, the PFC circuit is activated to provide the filament heating while the inverter remains idle to keep the lamp voltage at zero and hence to eliminate the glow current. After the filaments have been heated to the appropriate temperature, the inverter is initiated to ignite the lamp and then operate it at the required power.
The third control scheme is realized by programming the operation frequency of the electronic ballast with an additional series-resonant energy-tank on the load resonant network. During the preheating interval, the electronic ballast is programmed to operate at the resonance frequency of the series-resonant energy-tank to reduce the lamp voltage and hence to eliminate the glow discharge. With carefully designed circuit parameters, the electronic ballast is able to provide an adequate current for preheating. After the emission temperature has been reached, the operation frequency is adjusted to generate a high lamp voltage for ignition, and then is located at the steady-state frequency driving the lamp with the desired power and filament current.
In this dissertation, the mode operations of the proposed ballast circuits are analyzed in accordance with the conducting conditions of the power switches. The equivalent resistance model of fluorescent lamp is implemented to calculate the performances of the ballast-lamp circuit at steady-state. The design equations are derived and the computer analyses are performed with the fundamental approximation on the equivalent circuit models of fluorescent lamps. In addition, in order to accurately predict the operating characteristic of the preheating circuit, a mathematical model is developed to interpret the variations of the filament resistance during preheating. Finally, the laboratory electronic ballasts with the proposed control schemes are built and tested. Satisfactory performances are obtained from the experimental results.
目次 Table of Contents
List of Contents
Abstract in Chinese I
Abstract III
List of Contents V
List of Figures VII
List of Tables X
List of Symbols XI
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1-1 Research Background and Motivation 1
1-2 Programmed Rapid-Start 7
1-3 Content Arrangement 8
Chapter 2 Half-Bridge Resonant Inverter and Fluorescent Lamp 10
2-1 Half-Bridge Resonant Inverter 10
2-2 Modeling Fluorescent Lamp 17
2-2-1 Preheating Characteristics of Cathode Filament 18
2-2-2 Mathematical Model of Filament Resistance 24
2-2-3 Equivalent Circuit Model of Fluorescent Lamp 29
Chapter 3 Programmed Rapid-Start Electronic Ballast with An AC Switch 31
3-1 Circuit Configuration 31
3-2 Circuit Operation 33
3-3 Circuit Analysis 37
3-3-1 Buck-Boost Power Factor Corrector 38
3-3-2 Series-Resonant Parallel-Loaded Inverter 40
3-4 Design Example 44
3-5 Simulation Results 47
3-6 Experimental Results 50
Chapter 4 Programmed Rapid-Start Electronic Ballast with Inductively Coupled Filament-Heating Circuits 55
4-1 Circuit Configuration 56
4-2 Circuit Operation 58
4-3 Circuit Analysis 64
4-3-1 Preheating 65
4-3-2 Ignition and Steady-State 67
4-3-3 DCM Operation 70
4-4 Design Example 71
4-5 Simulation Results 74
4-6 Experimental Results 76
Chapter 5 Programmed Rapid-Start Electronic Ballast with A Series- Resonant Energy-Tank 82
5-1 Circuit Configuration and Operation 82
5-2 Circuit Analysis 85
5-2-1 Preheating 86
5-2-2 Ignition 88
5-2-3 Steady-State 89
5-2-4 Design Equations 89
5-3 Design Example 90
5-4 Simulation Results 95
5-5 Experimental Results 96
Chapter 6 Conclusions and Discussions 101
References 105

List of Figures
Figure 1-1 Half-bridge series-resonant parallel-loaded inverter 5
Figure 1-2 Starting transient waveforms 5
Figure 1-3 Starting scenario of the conventional programmed rapid-start 8
Figure 2-1 Half-bridge resonant inverters 11
Figure 2-2 Waveforms of the half-bridge resonant inverters ( fs = fr ) 13
Figure 2-3 Waveforms of the half-bridge resonant inverters ( fs > fr ) 14
Figure 2-4 Waveforms of the half-bridge resonant inverters ( fs < fr ) 16
Figure 2-5 Basic structure of fluorescent lamp 17
Figure 2-6 Variations of filament resistance (Experimental results for T8-36W) 20
Figure 2-7 Variations of filament resistance (Experimental results for T8-32W) 21
Figure 2-8 Variations of filament resistance (Experimental results for T12-40W) 22
Figure 2-9 Variations of filament resistance (Experimental results for T12-20W) 23
Figure 2-10 Variations of filament resistance (Calculated results for T8-36W) 27
Figure 2-11 Variations of filament resistance (Calculated results for T12-40W) 28
Figure 2-12 Equivalent resistance model of fluorescent lamp 29
Figure 3-1 Circuit configuration of the two-stage electronic ballast 31
Figure 3-2 Circuit configuration of the single-stage electronic ballast 32
Figure 3-3 Operation modes 36
Figure 3-4 Theoretical waveforms 37
Figure 3-5 Conceptual waveform of iin 39
Figure 3-6 Equivalent circuit of the resonant inverter during preheating 41
Figure 3-7 Equivalent circuit of the resonant inverter at the ignition stage 43
Figure 3-8 Equivalent circuit of the resonant inverter at steady-state 44
Figure 3-9 Variation of the dc-link voltage during preheating 46
Figure 3-10 Waveforms of vS1, vS2, iS1, iS2, ib, iD7, iD8 and iD9 during preheating 48
Figure 3-11 Waveforms of vS1, vS2, iS1, iS2, ib, iD7, iD8 and iD9 at steady-state 49 Figure 3-12 Waveforms of vs, iin and ib at steady-state 50
Figure 3-13 Variations of the operation frequency, lamp voltage and resonance frequency 51
Figure 3-14 Starting transient waveforms 52
Figure 3-15 Waveforms of vs, iin and ib 53
Figure 3-16 Switching voltage and current waveforms during preheating 53
Figure 3-17 Switching voltage and current waveforms at steady-state 54
Figure 3-18 Lamp voltage and current waveforms at steady-state 54
Figure 4-1 Block diagram of the proposed electronic ballast 55
Figure 4-2 Circuit configuration of the two-stage electronic ballast 56
Figure 4-3 Circuit configuration of the single-stage electronic ballast 57
Figure 4-4 Operation modes at the preheating stage 60
Figure 4-5 Operation modes at steady-state 63
Figure 4-6 Theoretical waveforms at steady-state 64
Figure 4-7 Conceptual waveform of vf 66
Figure 4-8 Equivalent circuit of the resonant inverter at the ignition stage 68
Figure 4-9 Equivalent circuit of the resonant inverter at steady-state 70
Figure 4-10 Operation condition for DCM 72
Figure 4-11 Variation of the dc-link voltage during preheating 74
Figure 4-12 Waveforms of vp, vf and if during preheating 75
Figure 4-13 Waveforms of vs, iin and ipp at steady-state 75
Figure 4-14 Waveforms of vS1, vS2, iS1, iS2, ipp, iD10, iD8 and iD11 at steady-state 76
Figure 4-15 Variations of the operation frequency, lamp voltage and resonance frequency 77
Figure 4-16 Starting transition waveforms 79
Figure 4-17 Filament voltage and current waveforms during preheating 79
Figure 4-18 Waveforms of vs, iin and ipp 80
Figure 4-19 Switching voltage and current waveforms at steady-state 80
Figure 4-20 Lamp voltage and current waveforms at steady-state 81
Figure 5-1 Conventional series-resonant electronic ballast 83
Figure 5-2 Circuit configuration of the proposed electronic ballast 84
Figure 5-3 Equivalent circuit of the proposed electronic ballast 85
Figure 5-4 Simplified equivalent circuit 87
Figure 5-5 Ignition voltage during starting 88
Figure 5-6 Variation of the filament resistance 92
Figure 5-7 Variations of the resonance frequencies 93
Figure 5-8 Variation of Zeq 94
Figure 5-9 Waveforms of vS1, iS1, vS2, iS2, vlamp and if during preheating 95
Figure 5-10 Waveforms of vS1, iS1, vS2, iS2, vlamp, ilamp and if at steady-state 96
Figure 5-11 Variations of the operation frequency, lamp voltage and resonance frequency 97
Figure 5-12 Starting transient waveforms 98
Figure 5-13 Lamp voltage and current waveforms during preheating 99
Figure 5-14 Lamp voltage and current waveforms at steady-state 99
Figure 5-15 Input voltage and current waveforms 99
Figure 5-16 Switching voltage and current waveforms during preheating 100
Figure 5-17 Switching voltage and current waveforms at steady-state 100

List of Tables
Table 2-1 Constant coefficients for filament model 26
Table 3-1 Circuit specifications (Osram T8-36W) 45
Table 3-2 Circuit parameters 50
Table 4-1 Circuit specifications (Osram T8-36W) 71
Table 4-2 Circuit parameters 77
Table 5-1 Lamp specifications (Philip T8-36W) 91
Table 5-2 Designed circuit parameters 96
Table 6-1 Comparison of three control schemes 103
參考文獻 References
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