本研究測試大洋搖蚊(Pontomyia oceana)如何在自然界找到合適產卵地點，為此我們在海岸邊排除環境光害後，從特定方向投射光源的前置實驗，發現了大洋搖蚊有不向海面方向投射光聚集的現象，就此現象我們提出了各種可能的環境因子會影響大洋搖蚊尋陸產卵的假說；包括了感知環境中的溫差、二氧化碳濃度差異、毛細波差異，或藉由聲場不同分辨海陸等假說。經過初步實驗是在平靜的隔離水體中進行而搖蚊仍有不向海方向聚集的結果否定了感知毛細波的假說，環境溫差與二氧化碳濃度確實有海陸梯度差異，但實驗測試中未能找到支持這些環境因子和大洋搖蚊移動的方向有關連的證據。在針對聲音因子的測試中，由潮池中播出特定頻率聲音誘捕大洋搖蚊，得知牠會往特定頻率與其諧波頻率聚集，此結果表示大洋搖蚊的行進方向會受到聲音影響。另外再以雜音覆蓋所有聲場，大洋搖蚊便會向來自海的方向的光點聚集，證明大洋搖蚊可以利用聲音判別海陸位置。這能力可以大幅增加大洋搖蚊找到岸邊礁石等裸露基質的機會，以利牠們產下黏性卵。

The marine midge Pontomyia oceana is known to emerge near full moons and new moons. They mate and lay eggs on surface of exposed substrate. It is unclear how they find such suitable habitats at night. We discovered that the marine midges were attracted to light spot, but not those from the direction of the sea. The cue used to make such behavior possible is the focus of this study . It is possible that the midge use the temperature gradient, CO2 gradient, capillary wave between land and sea to direct them where to go in darkness. We find evidence of the above gradients, but could not find evidence that the midges use them. Sound also differs between the land and the sea. The marine midge has different behavior to the different frequencies of sounds in a tide pool experiment. (Attracted to 75 Hz and avoided 225Hz the most) When “white noise” of all frequencies were applied, the marine midge is able to move toward light spots even if it is from the direction of the sea. This result suggest that the marine midge use sound of the sea to avoid it. This could help them move toward shallow water where exposed substrate, a suitable habitat for sticky egg strings and developing embryos, is easy to find.

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論文審定書………………………………………………………..……………….….…i
論文公開授權書……………………………………………………...……………....…ii
致謝…………………………………………………………………….………….…….iii
中文摘要…………………………………………………………………...………......iv
英文摘要…………………………………………………………………...………..…..v
目錄…………………………………………………………………………………......vi
圖次………………………………….……………………………………………….…vii
表次………………………………………………………………………………..……viii
正文…………………………………………………………………………………...…1
前言…………………………………………………………………………………...…1
材料與方法……………………………………………………………………………...5
結果……………………………………………………………...………..……..........12
討論………………………………………………………………...…….…………….18
參考文獻………………………………………………………...…….……………….23
附錄……………………………………………………………………………………….27

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