中文摘要
本論文研究工作主要利用南海重力式岩心17950-2, 探討南海北坡沈積
物中有機碳碳同位素之變化，並進一步與其他參數，如有孔蟲碳氧穩定同
位素、有機碳含量、碳酸鈣百分比進行比對，以描繪晚第四紀南海北部古
海洋變遷。在20 萬年∼6 萬5 千年前，沈積物有機碳碳同位素（δ13Corg）、
有機碳含量與陸源無機物百分比變化趨勢類似：有機碳與陸源無機物含量
增加時，δ13Corg 隨之變重，可能因陸源物質輸入增加，表水生產力提高，
使δ13Corg 因偏海相而加重。冰期時生產力提高之原因，除陸源有機物輸入
增加、大氣循環增強所致之混合層加深、風驅湧升流增強等因素外，因南
海的水文是以氮為生產力限制因子的海盆，冰期時落塵量增高所強化之固
氮作用有可能也是提高生產力的原因之一。
沈積物有機碳碳同位素一般應用於陸棚區海源與陸源有機碳比例探
討，或遠離陸源輸入之低生產力地區海水pCO2 之重建。但在釐清保存效應
校正以後的沈積物有機碳含量與碳同位素組成比較討論後，南海北坡之有
機碳碳同位素紀錄其實明顯地受到冰期時海水表面生產力提高所影響，因
此南海有機碳碳同位素紀錄不適於重建pCO2。

Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to determine the isotopic variation
of the sedimentary organic carbon (δ13Corg) in the sediment samples of the
gravity core 17950-2. The core was retrieved from the northern South China
Sea during “Monitoring Monsoon” cruise onboard R/V Sonne in 1994. The
δ13Corg data were further compared with other proxies, such as foraminiferal
δ18O and δ13C, TOC wt%, and CaCO3 wt% to decipher the late Quaternary
evolution of climate change from the South China Sea for the last 200 ky. Prior
to 65 ka, the δ13Corg, calibrated TOC wt% (TOC ex wt%), and Terrestrial wt%
fluctuated synchronously. The increased TOC ex wt% and Terrestrial wt% were
consistent with the enriched δ13Corg, implying the enhanced productivity due to
the increased terrestrial input. The enhanced glacial productivity could have
been caused by the increase in terrestrial input and mixed layer by wind-driven
upwelling. The South China Sea, however, is a nitrogen-limited basin. The
enhanced nitrogen fixation induced by increased dust input can also be a
potential candidate that is responsible for the elevated productivity during
glacials.
Theoretically, the δ13Corg is utilized as a powerful tool to determine the
carbon ratio between marine and terrestrial origin in the shelf area and
reconstruct the pCO2 history of the low-productivity open ocean. According to
TOC ex wt%, the productivity of the northern South China Sea were
significantly higher in glacials than interglacials. Therefore, the variation of
pCO2 of the northern South China Sea can not be reconstructed properly based
on δ13Corg record solely .

目錄
致謝……………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
中文摘要………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ
英文摘要………………………………………………………………………Ⅲ
目錄……………………………………………………………………………Ⅳ
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………………Ⅵ
表目錄…………………………………………………………………………Ⅷ
附錄目錄………………………………………………………………………Ⅸ
壹、緒論………………………………………………………………………. 1
1.1 前言…………………………………………………………………… 1
1.2 研究區域………………….……………….………………….………. 2
1.3 前人研究….…………….…………….…………….…………….…... 9
貳、研究材料與方法….…………….…………….…………….…………… 12
2.1 研究材料….…………….…………….…………….…………….…... 12
2.2 研究方法….…………….…………….…………….…………….…... 12
2.2.1 粗顆粒含量（Coarse fraction, >63 µm）分析….………………. 12
2.2.2 顆粒度分析方法….…………….…………….…………….……. 13
2.2.3 有孔蟲之碳、氧同位素……….…………….…………….…….. 13
2.2.4 沈積物中有機碳穩定碳同位素分析….…………….…………... 14
參、實驗結果….……………….……………….……………….…………… 20
3.1 年代模式………….……………….……………….……………….… 20
3.2 粗顆粒含量….……………….……………….……………….………. 24
3.3 平均粒徑….……………….……………….……………….………… 24
3.4 浮游性有孔蟲之碳、氧同位素……….……………….…………….. 27
3.4.1 氧同位素……….……………….……………….……………….. 27
3.4.2 碳同位素……….……………….……………….……………….. 28
3.5 底棲性有孔蟲之碳、氧同位素……….……………….…………….. 31
3.5.1 氧同位素……….……………….……………….……………….. 31
3.5.2 碳同位素……….……………….……………….……………….. 31
3.6 有機碳穩定碳同位素組成的變化…….……………….…………….. 33
3.7 陸源無機物質百分比的變化….……………….……………….……. 36
3.8 有機碳含量保存效應修正….……………….……………….………. 38
肆、討論….……………….……………….……………….………………… 41
4.1 南海北部的碳酸鈣旋回…….….……………….…………………….. 41
4.2 南海北部古生產力的變化…………………………………….……… 47
4.3 氧同位素與底水性質…………………………….….………………... 57
4.4 南海碳循環演化的初探………….….…………….………………….. 59
伍、結論….……………….……………….……………….………………… 65
參考文獻….……………….……………….…………….………….……….. 66
中文部份….……………….……………….……………….……………... 66
英文部份….……………….……………….……………….……………... 66
圖目錄
圖一、西太平洋邊緣海分布圖……………………………………………. 3
圖二、本論文研究區域之地理位置圖…………………………………… 4
圖三、南海(A)夏季的表面環流(B)冬季的表面環流……………………. 7
圖四、南海(A)夏季的表層水溫(B)冬季的表層水溫…………………….. 8
圖五、碳酸鈣重量計算所得二氧化碳體積與壓力讀值關係……………. 18
圖六、岩心17950-2 (A)有孔蟲C. wuellerstorfi氧同位素對深度的變化... 22
(B)有孔蟲C. wuellerstorfi氧同位素對SPECMAP年
代的關係………………………………………... 22
圖七、岩心17950-2沈積速率對時間的變化……………………………… 23
圖八、岩心17950-2 (A)粗顆粒含量隨時間的變化………………………. 25
(B)碳酸鈣含量隨時間的變化………………………. 25
圖九、岩心17950-2平均粒徑隨時間的變化……………………………… 26
圖十、岩心17950-2有孔蟲G. sacculifer碳、氧同位素隨時間的變化….. 30
圖十一、岩心17950-2有孔蟲C. wuellerstorfi碳、氧同位素隨時間的變
化…………………………………………………………………. 32
圖十二、岩心17950-2有機碳穩定碳同位素(δ13Corg)隨時間的變化…….. 35
圖十三、岩心17950-2陸源無機物含量百分比隨時間的變化…………… 37
圖十四、南海岩心17950-2校正前、後之有機碳含量隨時間的變化…... 40
圖十五、西太平洋邊緣海各種碳酸鹽旋回的碳酸鈣含量變化圖……….. 44
圖十六、岩心17950-2之(A)碳酸鈣含量隨時間的變化…………………. 45
(B)粗顆粒含量隨時間的變化…………………. 45
(C)“粗顆粒含量�碳酸鈣含量”比值隨時間
的變化………………………………………….. 45
圖十七、岩心17925-3之(A)浮游性有孔蟲G. ruber δ18O隨深度之變化... 46
(B)碳酸鈣含量隨深度的變化…………………. 46
(C)粗顆粒含量隨深度的變化…………………. 46
(D)“粗顆粒含量�碳酸鈣含量”比值隨深度
的變化……………………………………….. 46
圖十八、岩心17950-2之(A)TOC ex wt%隨時間的變化………………… 52
(B)δ13Corg隨時間的變化………………………. 52
(C)Terrigenous wt%隨時間的變化……………. 52
圖十九、岩心17950-2之(A) δ13Corg與TOC ex wt%之關係圖…………... 53
(B)δ13Corg與TOC MAR之關係圖……………... 53
圖二十、岩心17950-2、17954、17925-3 δ13Corg與δ18O (G. ruber)隨深
度的變化………………………………………………………..... 54
圖二十一、南海全新世(A)與末次冰期(B)時之平均質量累積速率…….. 55
圖二十二、(A)岩心17950-2與17954 δ13Corg與δ18O(C. wuellerstorfi)之關
係圖…………………………………………………………….. 58
圖二十三、南海各岩心表層沈積物中底棲性有孔蟲C. wuellerstorfi的穩
定同位素值與現代海水之碳同位素對深度之關係圖……... 59
圖二十四、岩心17950-2浮游性有孔蟲G. sacculifer與G. ruber之穩定
碳、氧同位素隨時間之變化………………………….……... 63
圖二十五、(A)岩心17950-2碳酸根離子濃度隨時間的變化…………… 64
(B)岩心17950-2“粗顆粒含量�碳酸鈣”比值隨時間的變
化……………………………………………………………... 64
(C)南極Vostok冰芯紀錄之大氣CO2隨時間的變化(Petit et
al., 1999)……………………………………………………... 64
表目錄
表一、碳酸鈣重量、理論二氧化碳體積與壓力對應關係………………….. 18
表二、台灣東部花蓮縣長虹橋附近沈積物δ13Corg分析結果………………… 19
表三、岩心17950-2定年點的岩心深度及定年結果………………………… 20
附錄目錄
附錄一、附錄一、岩心17950-2 浮游性有孔蟲G. sacculifer 穩定同位素與
平均粒徑……………………………………………….……………77
附錄二、岩心17950-2 有機碳同位素值及氧同位素地層定年點……………81

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