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博碩士論文 etd-0731116-150428 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0731116-150428
論文名稱
Title
臺灣海峽表層沉積物物理及地球化學特性的空間分布探討
Variability in Spatial Distribution of Physical and Geochemical Characteristics of Surface Sediments in Taiwan Strait
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
134
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2016-06-06
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2016-08-31
關鍵字
Keywords
TOC、粒徑、臺灣海峽、表層沉積物、單一元素、元素比
Grain Size, Taiwan Strait, TOC, Elements, Element Ratio, Surface Sediment
統計
Statistics
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The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5892 times, has been downloaded 1425 times.
中文摘要
臺灣海峽位於中國大陸以及臺灣之間,北接東海、南通南海,連通兩個世界主要的大陸邊緣海,並是臺灣島與大陸東南河川輸出之沉積物的主要沉積地點。在地形特徵上還有臺灣灘、彰雲隆起、澎湖水道、觀音凹陷、烏坵凹陷等地形座落其中。由前人研究得知,夏季時南海暖流會將珠江口輸出的部分沉積物傳輸至南海北坡沉積,而臺灣灘由於水深極淺,使得近代沉積物不易在此沉積,主要係以過去冰河期所殘留的砂質沉積物為主。在臺灣島的部分,南部高屏溪輸出的沉積物會沿著高屏峽谷向馬尼拉海溝方向傳輸進入南海海盆,而少部分則會隨著黑潮支流進入澎湖水道。中部濁水溪的沉積物則在輸出河口後,隨著黑潮支流的夾帶會往彰雲隆起、觀音凹陷方向輸送,另有研究認為部分泥質沉積物會被帶往南沖繩海槽沉積。而長江沉積物離開河口後部分會堆積在河口三角洲,一部分沉積物則會在冬季隨著中國沿岸流往臺灣海峽傳輸,在臺灣海峽中與臺灣來源的沉積物混合形成泥質帶。
  結合本研究與前人對臺灣海峽與鄰近海域沉積物的傳輸途徑與分布模式研究之成果,粒徑分布曲線與平均粒徑大小的結果可以反映沉積物傳輸的途徑主要受控於洋流,以及其來源。TOC的分布大致與平均粒徑相同,同樣受控於洋流的傳輸機制。而單一元素的峰值與母岩的相關性較低,在本研究中不適用於判斷河口間的差異性。因此,在本研究中改用元素比來觀察陸源訊號,從元素比的結果顯示,Cs/Al、Ni/Al、Sn/Al、Ti/Al、Ba/Al、K/Al、Rb/Al、Tl/Al等八種元素比在海洋沉積物中可以反映陸源訊號隨著洋流傳輸。從元素比的結果看來,珠江的訊號無法穿越臺灣灘進入臺灣海峽,而長江的訊號也難以經由臺灣灘進入南海北坡。
Abstract
The Taiwan Strait, which connects two mainly marginal seas of the Asia, the East China Sea and the South China Sea, is not only the sink of riverine sediments from Taiwan Island and Mainland China, but also a possible transporting route of sediments between two marginal seas. Taiwan Strait is distinguished with Taiwan Shoal, Chan-Yuen Rise, Penghu Channel, Kuan-Yin Depression, and Wu-Chiu Depression, which makes it become a complicated area for sediment deposition. In published researches, we have known that part of the sediments come from the Pearl River will transport north toward the Taiwan Strait by SCS Warm Current. However, the shallow Taiwan Shoal with merely 20-40 meters in water depth may block the sediment transportation leading to the absence of modern sediments to be reached and deposited. Therefore, the relict sediments left since last glacial period because of the fallen sea-level are main composition over the shoal. Sediments contribute from Taiwan Island via the Kaoping River principally enter the SCS basin through Kaoping Canyon. Otherwise, some suspended particles might be transported northward through Penghu Channel carried by Kuroshio branch flow. As a result, Zhuoshui River discharged sediments might precipitate at Chan-Yuen Rise and Kuan-Yin Depression. Furthermore, some studies also suggest that part of the fine-grained sediments discharging from northeastern Taiwan Strait can reach the southern Okinawa Trough. Most of Yangtze River discharged sediments will deposit firstly at the delta area, then the others will flow southward along China coast then form the mud belt in central Taiwan Strait which mixing with fine-grained sediments by Taiwan mountainous rivers.
 Our results and published studies refer that grain size distribution curves and mean sizes can be used to indicate sediment transport pathway and the sources, and the two major factor affecting sediment distribution are ocean current and sediment sources. However, the spatial distribution and geochemical characteristics of surface sediments in the Taiwan Strait are rarely known. In this study, organic components, major and trace elements of surface sediments collecting from the Taiwan Strait are analyzed for tracing sediment sources and distinguishing transporting routes. TOC distribution shows the same as mean grain-size in this study, which means TOC is also influence by current system. Considering element at river mouth has low correlation with mother rock, it’s not indicative for the difference between river mouths. Therefore, we use element ratio normalized by Al content to indicate terrestrial contribution. Our results shown that Cs/Al、Ni/Al、Sn/Al、Ti/Al、Ba/Al、K/Al、Rb/Al、Tl/Al are good indicator for terrestrial sediment transportation by current system. In element ratio’s distribution, terrestrial sediments from Pearl river is hard to go throught Taiwan Shoal. On the other hand, sediments from Yangtze river can’t get throught Taiwan Shoal, either.
目次 Table of Contents
論文審定書………………………………………………………….....................….......i
致謝………………………………………………………….....................….......ii
中文摘要………………………………………………………….....................….......iii
Abstract………………………………………………………….....................….......iv
目錄………………………………………………………….....................….......vi
圖目錄………………………………………………………….....................….......ix
表目錄………………………………………………………….....................….......xi
第一章、緒論………………………………………………………….....................….......1
1.1前言………………………………………………………….....................….......1
1.2研究區域背景………………………………………………………….....................….......3
1.2.1海底地形………………………………………………………….....................….......3
1.2.2水文流場………………………………………………………….....................….......7
1.2.3濁水溪………………………………………………………….....................….......9
1.2.4高屏溪………………………………………………………….....................….......9
1.2.5長江………………………………………………………….....................….......10
1.2.6珠江………………………………………………………….....................….......11
1.3前人研究………………………………………………………….....................….......12
1.3.1臺灣附近海域沉積物傳輸途徑與貢獻來源………………………………………………………….....................….......12
1.3.2不同粒徑沉積物之沉積模式………………………………………………………….....................….......15
1.3.3河口的地化背景………………………………………………………….....................….......17
1.4研究目的………………………………………………………….....................….......19
第二章、材料與方法………………………………………………………….....................….......20
2.1研究材料………………………………………………………….....................….......20
2.1.1沉積物樣本………………………………………………………….....................….......20
2.1.2研究區域內樣本站位資料………………………………………………………….....................….......22
2.2研究方法與實驗流程………………………………………………………….....................….......26
2.2.1元素分析………………………………………………………….....................….......27
2.2.2粒徑分析………………………………………………………….....................….......35
2.2.3碳元素分析………………………………………………………….....................….......38
2.2.4因子分析………………………………………………………….....................….......39
2.2.5群聚分析………………………………………………………….....................….......40
3.1粒徑分析………………………………………………………….....................….......41
3.1.1珠江流域沉積物………………………………………………………….....................….......42
3.1.2南海北坡及高屏峽谷沉積物………………………………………………………….....................….......43
3.1.3長江口外海沉積物………………………………………………………….....................….......44
3.1.4東海南端及臺灣海峽沉積物………………………………………………………….....................….......45
3.1.5粒徑頻率曲線(Grain size distribution curve)………………………………………………………….....................….......47
3.2元素碳分析結果………………………………………………………….....................….......50
3.2.1總有機碳結果………………………………………………………….....................….......50
3.2.2總碳結果………………………………………………………….....................….......51
3.2.3碳酸鈣結果………………………………………………………….....................….......52
3.3元素分析結果………………………………………………………….....................….......53
3.4統計分析結果………………………………………………………….....................….......57
3.4.1因子分析………………………………………………………….....................….......57
3.4.2群聚分析………………………………………………………….....................….......59
第四章、討論………………………………………………………….....................….......61
4.1沉積物粒徑空間分布………………………………………………………….....................….......61
4.2有機碳與碳酸鈣的空間分布………………………………………………………….....................….......65
4.3元素的空間分布………………………………………………………….....................….......66
4.3.1河口的單一元素………………………………………………………….....................….......66
4.3.2元素比的空間分布………………………………………………………….....................….......67
4.3.3統計分析的元素結果………………………………………………………….....................….......68
第五章、結論………………………………………………………….....................….......69
參考文獻………………………………………………………….....................….......70
中文部分………………………………………………………….....................….......70
英文部分………………………………………………………….....................….......72
網路資料………………………………………………………….....................….......79
附錄一、儀器回收率、儀器誤差及偵測極限………………………………………………………….....................….......80
附錄二、元素濃度與不同粒徑之間的相關性(R值)………………………………………………………….....................….......96
附錄三、元素原始值(洗鹽校正後)………………………………………………………….....................….......97
附錄四、各參數的Factor Loading值(前兩項因子)………………………………………………………….....................….......121
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