由衛星與實測資料顯示極端天氣事件，例如颱風和強烈冬季季風，其對南海葉綠素濃度有明顯的影響。但因為海上採樣的困難，對於極端天氣發生前後很難取得詳細的水文資料以及量測顆粒態有機碳 (particulate organic carbon, POC) 通量等生地化參數。為了解颱風和冬季季風對南海碳生地化循環的影響，以及更精確估算南海的POC通量，本研究於2012年9月至2014年6月期間，以海研三號或海研五號於南海北部共實行13個航次採樣，以分析研究區域生地化參數（包括：營養鹽、葉綠素甲濃度、POC及POC通量）的季節性變化，以及颱風與強烈季風對這些生地化參數的影響。本研究利用漂浮式沉積物收集器收集透光層底部的沉降顆粒，並據此估算透光層的POC輸出通量。
結果顯示，非極端事件時期透光層的POC輸出通量沒有明顯的季節性變化，範圍介於42–52 mg-C m−2 d−1，平均值 (±SD) 為48 ± 6 mg-C m−2 d−1。然而天秤颱風、蘇力颱風及冬季東北季風過境後，POC通量分別為78 ± 12、115 ± 16及95 ± 13 mg-C m−2 d−1，比非極端事件時期增加約1.6至 2.4倍。再者，於北南海的開放海域，表水葉綠素甲平均濃度在春、秋及冬季分別為0.34、0.10及0.54 μg L−1，顯示冬季濃度最高。冬季因受到強烈東北季風吹拂下，增強了海水的垂直混合作用，將次表層富含營養鹽的海水載送至透光層，進而促進浮游植物的生長。
將葉綠素甲濃度實測值與MODIS衛星水色資料做比對，發現衛星水色資料有低估的趨勢，但在沿岸海域衛星水色資料卻有高估的趨勢，實測值與衛星資料的誤差，可能受有色溶解性有機物質及懸浮顆粒影響所造成。因此對於衛星水色資料，仍需要以更多的實測資料做校正。本研究的結果建議，極端天氣事件能增加POC從透光層輸出至深海的通量，然而在考慮影響的範圍及時間下，冬季季風影響POC輸出通量通常較單一颱風為大。

Both satellite and field observations have shown that extreme weather events (EWEs), such as typhoons and winter storms, enhance chlorophyll a (chl a) concentrations in the South China Sea (SCS). However, detailed hydrographic and particulate organic carbon (POC) flux data are usually hard to obtain because of sampling difficulties on the sea shortly before and after an EWE.　To better understand the biogeochemical responses (including concentrations of nutrients, chl a, POC and POC flux) in the SCS to the passage of typhoons and winter storms, hydrographic data were collected during the period of 13 cruises conducted from September 2012 to June 2014 by R/V Ocean Researcher III or V in the northern SCS. Floating sediment traps were used to collect sinking particles at the bottom of the euphotic zone, and the samples collected were used to estimate POC export fluxes. I analyzed seasonal variations in biogeochemical parameters and investigated the effects of typhoons and winter storms on these parameters.
The results indicate that POC fluxes did not show distinct seasonal variations, the average POC flux was 48 ± 6 mg-C m−2 d−1 without EWE effects. The POC fluxes after the passage of typhoons Tembin and Soulik, and the passage of several winter storms were 78 ± 12、115 ± 16 and 95 ± 13 mg-C m−2 d−1, respectively. These values were 1.6- to 2.4-fold higher than those obtained without EWE effects. The average surface chl a concentrations in spring, autumn and winter in the northern South China Sea were 0.34, 0.10 and 0.54 μg L−1, respectively. The highest chl a concentration occurred in winter, suggesting that the strong vertical mixing and nutrient entrainment from subsurface water to the euphotic zone induced by strong wind enhance phytoplankton growth.
When compared to field chl a data, we found that chl a data obtained by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) exhibited a tendency to underestimate chl a concentrations. In coastal waters, however, the MODIS chl a concentrations were overestimated. The error between field observations and satellite MODIS data may be strongly affected by dissolved organic matter and suspended particles in the water column. Therefore, satellite MODIS chl a data need to be validated using more field data. The results presented in this thesis provide clear evidence that EWEs can trigger elevated organic particle export from the euphotic zone to the deeper ocean in the northern SCS. Regarding the affected area and period (winter storm > typhoon), a winter storm seems to sequester more carbon in the ocean as compared to a typhoon.

目錄
謝辭 i
中文摘要 ii
英文摘要 iii
目錄 v
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 ix
第1章、 前言 1
1-1 海洋碳循環 1
1-2 大陸邊緣海 1
1-3 極端天氣事件 ( Extreme weather events ) 2
1-4 研究現況 3
1-4.1 颱風 3
1-4.2 季風 3
1-5 研究目的 4
第2章、 研究區域及方法 5
2-1 研究區域與採樣時間 5
2-2 採樣方法 8
2-3 實驗方法 10
2-3.1營養鹽 10
2-3.2葉綠素甲 (chlorophyll a, chl a) 濃度 11
2-3.3顆粒性有機碳 (particulate organic carbon, POC) 12
2-3.4總懸浮顆粒物 (Total Suspended Matter) 13
2-3.5氣象資料 13
2-3.6衛星資料 15
第3章、 結果與討論 17
3-1 研究海域之水文特性 17
3-2 營養鹽之分佈 23
3-3 葉綠素甲 (Chlorophyll a, chl a) 之分佈 29
3-4 顆粒態有機碳之分佈 32
3-5 總懸浮物質之分佈 34
3-6 顆粒態有機碳的輸出通量 37
3-7 北南海開放海域之表水葉綠素濃度 40
第4章、 結論 50
參考文獻 51

中文部份
陳鎮東，1994，海洋化學，國立編譯館，共551頁。
陳鎮東，2001，南海海洋學，國立編譯館，共506頁。

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