近岸環境受河川輸入的影響使得水體中不但含有大量的陸源物質也富集了大量的浮游生物，故使得近岸水體中的懸浮顆粒的組成及特性較為複雜。本研究分別在2012年5月、2012年10月及2013年3月沿著台灣近岸收集了不同粒徑群(0.4-10 μm、10-60 μm、60-150 μm 和>150 μm)的懸浮顆粒樣品並分析顆粒的金屬濃度，再藉由比對顆粒鋁濃度的結果判斷台灣近岸水體中的的顆粒駔成並分析顆粒金屬濃度的來源；其中鋁為礦物性顆粒中主要的金屬組成且濃度高於生物性顆粒中的鋁濃度約3~4個數量級，故作為本研究近岸水體顆粒的礦物性指標元素，判斷樣品中礦物性及生物性顆粒的百分比，並作為不同粒徑顆粒樣品金屬濃度來源的參考依據，再將上述之不同組成顆粒百分比結果代入以金屬質量守恆的概念(總懸浮顆粒中的金屬質量等於礦物性顆粒金屬質量及生物性顆粒金屬質量之總和)推導出的估算式便可得到生物性顆粒金屬濃度。
將總顆粒鎘、銅、鎳、鉛、鐵、錳、鋅濃度對比礦物性及生物性顆粒百分比的結果發現，近岸水體中的顆粒金屬濃度變化不僅與礦物性顆粒有關，同時也受生物性顆粒的影響，故可知台灣近岸顆粒態金屬濃度的時空變化受控於不同性質顆粒的組成變化。
經公式計算所得之生物顆粒金屬濃度與原始顆粒金屬濃度差距約為24~44%，且粒徑間的生物顆粒金屬濃度差距較原始數據明顯：生物顆粒鎘濃度會隨顆粒變大而上升，顯示有生物累積(放大)的現象發生；各粒徑生物顆粒銅及鎳的濃度無明顯的粒徑間濃度變化趨勢；而鉛及鋅則在較小粒徑顆粒中的濃度較高，推測是鉛及鋅會吸附於生物顆粒上，越小粒徑的生物顆粒表面積越大，因此造成此濃度變化趨勢。另外，本研究之原始顆粒金屬濃度及生物顆粒金屬濃度結果皆有東西岸差異，顯示台灣近岸水體中的顆粒組成及種類有地區性差異，使得東西兩岸之顆粒金屬濃度不同。

Coastal environments are strongly affected by the inputs of terrestrial materials including weathered minerals and dissolved chemicals, making them have higher primary production and biomass. Therefore, the compositions of suspended particles in the coastal water are complex. In this study, suspended particles in four size classes (0.4-10 μm, 10-60 μm, 60-150 μm and >150 μm) were collected from coastal waters surrounding Taiwan under various conditions of river discharges, and trace metal concentrations along with other related hydrochemical parameters determined. Aluminum content in the particles is used in evaluating the relative contribution of mineral and biogenic sources. Al content in particles is then used to normalize the variability of particle compositions in coastal water and the trace metal concentrations in biogenic particles were derived. The metal concentration differences between biogenic particles and bulk particles were about 30% (24~44%), the metal concentrations differences of four size classes biogenic particles were also increased. Biogenic Cd concentrations increased with increasing particle size, suggesting biomagnification along the food chain. Biogenic Cu and Ni concentrations had no significance differences between bulk and biogenic particles, owing to that the biogenic concentrations of these elements are similar to those in mineral concentrations. For Pb and Zn, there are higher concentrations in smaller particles (0.4-10 μm, 10-60 μm), presumably caused by adsorption on to the higher surface areas of smaller biogenic particles. Our results also showed that the concentration differences between west and east coat off Taiwan indicating the regional particle composition and species difference.

論文審定書 i
論文授權書 ii
致謝 iii
摘要 iv
英文摘要 v
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 xi
第一章 前言 1
1.1近岸懸浮顆粒之組成與特性 1
1.2 顆粒之微量金屬濃度 2
1.2.1 礦物性顆粒之種類及金屬濃度差異 3
1.2.2生物性顆粒之金屬濃度 4
1.3 水文氣候對近岸顆粒之影響 5
1.4研究目的 6
第二章 材料與方法 10
2.1 研究區域 10
2.2 採樣方法及流程 13
2.3 顆粒樣品之金屬濃度測定 14
2.3.1顆粒樣品前處理 14
2.3.2 測定金屬濃度 14
2.4生物性顆粒之金屬濃度估算方式 17
2.4.1以標準化方式判斷生物顆粒之金屬來源 17
2.4.2 生物性顆粒中之微量金屬濃度估算 19
第三章 結果與討論 21
3.1 水文參數及水體背景資料 21
3.1.1 台灣近岸水體之鹽度分布 21
3.1.2 懸浮顆粒濃度 22
3.1.3 台灣近岸水體之葉綠素a及脫鎂色素濃度 24
3.1.4 台灣近岸水體之顆粒態鋁濃度及生物顆粒百分比 24
3.2 台灣近岸水中總顆粒態金屬 30
3.3 各粒徑顆粒之金屬濃度及時空變化 40
3.3.1 各粒徑顆粒金屬濃度之空間變化 40
3.3.2各粒徑顆粒金屬濃度之東西岸差異 42
3.3.3各粒徑顆粒金屬濃度之季節性差異 43
3.3.4各粒徑顆粒之金屬濃度之粒徑差異 44
3.4台灣近岸生物性顆粒之金屬濃度 59
3.4.1生物性顆粒金屬濃度之估算 59
3.4.2生物性顆粒金屬濃度之時空分布 65
3.4.3各粒徑生物性顆粒之金屬濃度差異 75
第四章 結論 95
參考文獻 97

譚立平，魏稽生(1997) 臺灣地質系列第10號：臺灣金屬經濟礦物。經濟部中央地質調查所
魏稽生(2001) 花東地區秀姑巒溪流域下游地區沉積物重金屬來源及其母岩風化之研究。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告，共7頁
陳文山(2002) 台灣的岩石。 2002岩盤工程研討會論文集：17-22頁
經濟部水利署(2013) 中華民國101年台灣水文年報 第二部分—河川水位及流量
經濟部水利署(2014) 中華民國102年台灣水文年報 第二部分—河川水位及流量
吳哲宇( 2010) 台灣西南海域沉積物重金屬的歷史變化及物種分布。 國立中山大學海洋地質及化學研究所碩士論文
林佩萱(2010) 海洋浮游動物體內的微量金屬元素。國立台灣大學理學院海洋研究所碩士論文
曾偉綸(2010) 台灣海峽表水懸浮顆粒之粒徑與重金屬元素含量變化研究。 國立台灣大學理學院海洋研究所碩士論文
陳昱亨(2014) 海洋浮游動物體內微量元素的種間變化。國立台灣大學理學院海洋研究所碩士論文
謝艾芝(2016) 台灣近岸海水中顆粒之特性分析。國立中山大學海洋科學系碩士論文

Balls, P.W., 1990. Distribution and composition of suspended particulate material in the clyde estuary and associated sea lochs. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 30(5): 475-487.
Baskaran, M. and Santschi, P.H., 1993. The role of particles and colloids in the transport of radionuclides in coastal environments of Texas. Marine Chemistry, 43(1–4): 95-114.
Beckett, R. and Le, N.P., 1990. The role or organic matter and ionic composition in determining the surface charge of suspended particles in natural waters. Colloids and Surfaces, 44(0): 35-49.
Boyer, E.W. et al., 2006. Riverine nitrogen export from the continents to the coasts. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 20(1): n/a-n/a.
Bruland, K.W., Donat, J.R. and Hutchins, D.A., 1991. Interactive influences of bioactive trace metals on biological production in oceanic waters. Limnology and Oceanography, 36(8): 1555-1577.
Cabana, G. and Rasmussen, J.B., 1994. Modelling food chain structure and contaminant bioaccumulation using stable nitrogen isotopes. Nature, 372(6503): 255-257.
Catts, J.G. and Langmuir, D., 1986. Adsorption of Cu, Pb and Zn by δMnO2: applicability of the site binding-surface complexation model. Applied Geochemistry, 1(2): 255-264.
Chiu, C.Y. and Chou, C.H., 1991. The distribution and influence of heavy metals in mangrove forests of the Tamshui estuary in Taiwan. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition: 659-669.
Dadson, S.J. et al., 2003. Links between erosion, runoff variability and seismicity in the Taiwan orogen. Nature, 426(6967): 648-651.
Ho, T.-Y. et al., 2003. THE ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF SOME MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON1. Journal of Phycology, 39(6): 1145-1159.
Ho, T.-Y., Wen, L.-S., You, C.-F. and Lee, D.-C., 2007. The trace metal composition of size‐fractionated plankton in the South China Sea: Biotic versus abiotic sources. Limnology and Oceanography, 52(5): 1776-1788.
Ho, T., 2006. The trace metal composition of marine microalgae in cultures and natural assemblages. Algal cultures, analogues of blooms and applications, Volume 1: 271-299.
Hsu, M.J., Selvaraj, K. and Agoramoorthy, G., 2006. Taiwan's industrial heavy metal pollution threatens terrestrial biota. Environmental Pollution, 143(2): 327-334.
Jiann, K.-T., Wen, L.-S. and Santschi, P.H., 2005. Trace metal (Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb) partitioning, affinities and removal in the Danshuei River estuary, a macro-tidal, temporally anoxic estuary in Taiwan. Marine Chemistry, 96(3–4): 293-313.
Jiann, K.-T., Wen, L.-S. and Wei, C.-L., 2014. Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Trace Metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in Coastal Waters off the West Coast of Taiwan. Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 25: 125-139.
Kabata-Pendias, A., 2010. Trace elements in soils and plants. CRC press.
Kennish, M.J., 2002. Environmental threats and environmental future of estuaries. Environmental Conservation, 29(01): 78-107.
Krauskopf, K.B., 1979. Introduction to geochemistry. International series in the earth and planetary sciences. Tokyo, McGraw-Hill.
Lane, T.W. and Morel, F.M.M., 2000. A biological function for cadmium in marine diatoms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 97(9): 4627-4631.
Lee, J., Liu, J.T., Hung, C.-C., Lin, S. and Du, X., 2016. River plume induced variability of suspended particle characteristics. Marine Geology.
Lee, J.G., Ahner, B.A. and Morel, F.M.M., 1996. Export of Cadmium and Phytochelatin by the Marine Diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii. Environmental Science & Technology, 30(6): 1814-1821.
Li, Y.-H., 1991. The Macalpine Hills Lunar Meteorite ConsortiumDistribution patterns of the elements in the ocean: A synthesis. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 55(11): 3223-3240.
Lindsay, P., Balls, P.W. and West, J.R., 1996. Influence of Tidal Range and River Discharge on Suspended Particulate Matter Fluxes in the Forth Estuary (Scotland). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 42(1): 63-82.
Lion, L.W., Altmann, R.S. and Leckie, J.O., 1982. Trace-metal adsorption characteristics of estuarine particulate matter: evaluation of contributions of iron/manganese oxide and organic surface coatings. Environmental Science & Technology, 16(10): 660-666.
Martin, J.H. and Knauer, G.A., 1973. The elemental composition of plankton. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7): 1639-1653.
Milliman, J.D. and Meade, R.H., 1983. World-Wide Delivery of River Sediment to the Oceans. The Journal of Geology, 91(1): 1-21.
Milliman, J.D. and Syvitski, J.P.M., 1992. Geomorphic/Tectonic Control of Sediment Discharge to the Ocean: The Importance of Small Mountainous Rivers. The Journal of Geology, 100(5): 525-544.
Morel, F.M.M. and Price, N.M., 2003. The Biogeochemical Cycles of Trace Metals in the Oceans. Science, 300(5621): 944-947.
Shimeta, J. and Jumars, P.A., 1991. Physical mechanisms and rates of particle capture by suspension-feeders. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev, 29(19): l-257.
Sigg, L., 1998. Partitioning of metals to suspended particles. Metals in surface waters: 215-39.
Taillefert, M., Hover, V.C., Rozan, T.F., Theberge, S.M. and Luther, G.W., 2002. The influence of sulfides on soluble organic-Fe(III) in anoxic sediment porewaters. Estuaries, 25(6): 1088-1096.
Taylor, S.R., 1964. Abundance of chemical elements in the continental crust: a new table. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 28(8): 1273-1285.
Tercier-Waeber, M.-L. and Taillefert, M., 2008. Remote in situ voltammetric techniques to characterize the biogeochemical cycling of trace metals in aquatic systems. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 10(1): 30-54.
Turekian, K.K., 1977. The fate of metals in the oceans. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 41(8): 1139-1144.
Turner, A. and Millward, G.E., 2002. Suspended Particles: Their Role in Estuarine Biogeochemical Cycles. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 55(6): 857-883.
Twining, B.S. and Baines, S.B., 2013. The Trace Metal Composition of Marine Phytoplankton. Annual Review of Marine Science, 5(1): 191-215.
Wang, D. et al., 2012. Occurrences of dissolved trace metals (Cu, Cd, and Mn) in the Pearl River Estuary (China), a large river-groundwater-estuary system. Continental Shelf Research, 50–51: 54-63.
Wang, X. and Zauke, G.-P., 2004. Size-dependent bioaccumulation of metals in the amphipod Gammarus zaddachi (Sexton 1912) from the River Hunte (Germany) and its relationship to the permeable body surface area. Hydrobiologia, 515(1): 11-28.
Warren, L.A. and Haack, E.A., 2001. Biogeochemical controls on metal behaviour in freshwater environments. Earth-Science Reviews, 54(4): 261-320.
Wei, C.-L., Jiann, K.-T., Wen, L.-S., Tsai, J.-R. and Sheu, D.D., 2011. Removal fluxes of Mn and Fe from the nearshore waters along the west coast of Taiwan. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62(5): 1081-1087.
Wen, L.-S., Jiann, K.-T. and Liu, K.-K., 2008. Seasonal variation and flux of dissolved nutrients in the Danshuei Estuary, Taiwan: A hypoxic subtropical mountain river. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 78(4): 694-704.