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博碩士論文 etd-0827101-100735 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0827101-100735
論文名稱
Title
養殖池中硝化濾床對石斑稚魚育成之影響
Effects of Nitrifying Filtration System on the Fry Breeding of the Grouper,Epinephelus amblycephalus
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
120
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2001-06-12
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2001-08-27
關鍵字
Keywords
硝化細菌、新池症候群、石斑稚魚、硝化濾床
New Pond syndrome, Nitrify bacteria, Fry of the Grouper, Nitrifyin Filtration System
統計
Statistics
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The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5705 times, has been downloaded 7802 times.
中文摘要
摘 要

本研究之目的旨在探討石斑稚魚低育成率主要原因,是否由於養殖池中硝化細菌不足所引起之新池症候群(new pond syndrome)使然,並探討pH值與稚魚存活之關係。結果發現新池症候群所產生的氨(NH3)污染的確存在,以及氨(NH3)對鑲點石斑仔稚魚48小時之LC50值極低,為0.034 ppm,顯示剛由受精卵發育而成的仔稚魚,遠比一般魚齡稍大稚魚更不能忍受NH3污染的危害。不過若能在養殖系統中事先安置能發揮除氨功能的硝化濾床,藉以降低養殖水NH3污染濃度,則魚苗的育成率可望因此而得以提高。歷經兩次的相關實驗結果顯示,第一次的實驗組育成率為4.2 ﹪,對照組僅為0.035 ﹪;第二次的實驗組育成率為12.3 ﹪,對照組則為0。另外發現pH值過高(≧8.6)也會影響稚魚的存活率。由此觀之,魚苗低育成率的主要原因之一,極可能是養殖初期由於養殖系統中硝化細菌不足,因而發生新池症候群,使仔稚魚受到氨中毒的不良影響,以及可能因pH值過高影響稚魚的存活率所致,關於這結論應值得吾人注意。
Abstract
ABSTRACT

The mortalities for aquaculture animals in a newly established pond tend to be high. The phenomenon can be described as the “new pond syndrome”. The main reason for the phenomenon is still unclear. However, it is suspected that the accumulation of ammonia due to insufficient nitrifying bacteria in the system may have been the cause. The purposes of this thesis are to test the theory and to rectify the problem by introducing a nitrifying trickling filtration system using E. amblycephalus as the experimental animal. It was found that the ammonia concentrations did increase to the levels detrimental to the newly hatched fries within 6 days. The LD50 of ammonia to the young fries was determined to be 0.034 ppm in 48 hr. The nitrifying filtration system could reduce the ammonia concentrations substantially and raise the breeding rates for the fries. On two separate trials, one with fish tanks in the laboratory and the other in the ponds of a fish farm, 12.3% and 4.2% of the newly hatched fries were still alive after 34 days, respectively, as compared to 0% and 0.035% for the controls. Meanwhile, a pH value of equal to or greater than 8.6 was detrimental to the fries. Therefore, the low breeding rates for the E. amblycephalus fries may have been caused by the “new pond syndrome” due to the toxic effects of accumulated ammonia in the early stage of the pond usage. Removal of ammonia with the filtration system could increase the survival rates for the fries.
目次 Table of Contents
目 錄
謝函
摘要

一:前言

(一) 問題緣起……………………………………………………..1
(二) 育苗池氨毒累積的問題……………………………………..4
(三) 氨毒累積與新池症候群的關係……………………………...5
(四) 硝化細菌與新池症候群…………………………………...…7
(五) 硝化細菌在育苗池中的逆境………………………….……..9
(六) 研究目的……………………………………………….……12

二:材料與方法

(一) 材料…………………………………………………….….14
(二)方法………………………………………………………….17

A. 新池症候群…………………………………………..………..17
B. 氨對鑲點石斑仔稚魚之急性毒性…………………………….19
C. 硝化濾床對石斑稚魚育成之影響……………………………..22
D. pH與鑲點石斑稚魚存活之關係………………………………30

三:結果

A. 新池症候群………………………………………………….…33
B. 氨對鑲點石斑仔稚魚之急性毒性….………..………………...35
C. 硝化濾床對石斑稚魚育成之影響……………….…………….37
D. pH與鑲點石斑稚魚存活之關係……………………………….44

四、討論

A. 新池症候群………………….…………………………………47
B. 氨對鑲點石斑仔稚魚之急性毒性…………………….……….48
C. 硝化濾床對石斑稚魚育成之影響….………….………………50
D. pH與鑲點石斑稚魚存活之關係………………………………54

五:結論

參考文獻










表目錄

表一: 分子態的氨在各種不同pH及水溫所佔之比率(﹪)…….66
表二 :新池症候群實驗第一組實驗日誌記錄表…………………….67
表三 :新池症候群實驗第二組實驗日誌記錄表………………...…..68
表四 :新池症候群實驗第三組實驗日誌記錄表………………...…..69
表五:新池症候群實驗第四組實驗日誌記錄表………………….…..70
表六:氨對鑲點石斑仔稚魚之急性毒性實驗第5組(代表)
水樣檢測記錄…………………………………………………..71
表七:氨對鑲點石斑仔稚魚之急性毒性實驗相關參數……………..72
表八:硝化濾床對石斑稚魚育成之影響(養殖場試驗)
實驗日誌表…………………………………..73
表九:硝化濾床對石斑稚魚育成之影響(實驗室試驗)
實驗日誌記錄表……………………………..82
表十:pH與鑲點石斑稚魚存活之關係
實驗日誌記錄表(30℃)……………………91










圖目錄

圖一:新池症候群實驗生物過濾組的實驗裝置………………..…….92
圖二::硝化濾床對石斑稚魚育成之影響所用硝化細菌
培養槽(硝化槽)的結構..………………….93
圖三:硝化槽所用生物濾材之結構(模仿包爾環製造)…………...94
圖四:硝化槽所用分水孔板之結構………………………………..…..95
圖五:硝化槽所用分水孔板實體照片………………………………...95
圖六:硝化過濾系統所用筒槽型框網之結構…………………..…….96
圖七:硝化槽支架之結構………………………………………..……..97
圖八:硝化濾床對石斑稚魚育成之影響(養殖場試驗)硝化細菌
培養槽及培養硝化細菌示意圖…………….98
圖九:硝化濾床與石斑稚魚存活之關係實驗初期用於孵化及飼養
仔稚魚的隔離網箱製作過程示意圖………..99
圖十:硝化濾床對石斑稚魚育成之影響(實驗室試驗)實驗隔離
網箱完成製作的實體照片………………….99
圖十一:新池症候群實驗的實驗裝置及分組情形………………….100
圖十二:硝化濾床對石斑稚魚育成之影響(養殖場試驗)
實驗組的裝置示意圖………………………101
圖十三:硝化濾床對石斑稚魚育成之影響(實驗室試驗)
實驗組的裝置………………………………102
圖十四:硝化濾床對石斑稚魚育成之影響(實驗室試驗)
對照組的裝置………………………………100

圖十五:硝化濾床對石斑稚魚育成之影響(實驗室試驗)水族
箱使用之前必須先進行濾清操作………….104
圖十六:硝化濾床對石斑稚魚育成之影響(實驗室試驗)的隔
離網箱必須提供適當水流及溶氧……………105
圖十七:仔稚魚餌料懸浮液配製法之一
(取飼料一小匙加入300目網袋中)……….106
圖十八:仔稚魚餌料懸浮液配製法之二
(將飼料用水浸濕後從網袋中擠入一個盛50 ml杯子內)….106
圖十九:pH與鑲點石斑稚魚存活之關係實驗分組示意圖………...107
圖二十:新池症候群實驗第一組(生物過濾組)在硝化細菌培養
期間總氨量及亞硝酸鹽的「濃度-時間」變化曲線圖……...108
圖二十一:新池症候群實驗各組TAN量的「濃度-時間」
變化曲線圖…………………………………109
圖二十二:新池症候群實驗各組NH3量的「濃度-時間」
變化曲線圖…………………………………110
圖二十三:新池症候群實驗各組亞硝酸鹽的「濃度-時間」
變化曲線圖…………………………………111
圖二十四:氨對鑲點石斑仔稚魚之急性毒性實驗
48小時LC50值約為0.034 ppm…………….112
圖二十五:硝化濾床對石斑稚魚育成之影響(養殖場試驗)實驗
組總氨量、氨與亞硝酸鹽的「濃度-時間」變化曲線圖…….113
圖二十六:硝化濾床對石斑稚魚育成之影響(養殖場試驗)對照
組總氨量、氨與亞硝酸鹽的「濃度-時間」變化曲線圖…..114
圖二十七:硝化濾床對石斑稚魚育成之影響(養殖場試驗)實驗
組與對照組魚苗存活率隨日變化的關係圖…………………115

圖二十八:硝化濾床對石斑稚魚育成之影響(實驗室試驗)
實驗組總氨量、氨與亞硝酸鹽濃度的變動情形……………116
圖二十九:硝化濾床對石斑稚魚育成之影響(實驗室試驗)
魚苗存活率隨日序變化關係圖………………………………117
圖三十:pH與TAN的「濃度-時間」變化曲線圖…………………..118
圖三十一:pH與氨(NH3)量的「濃度-時間」變化曲線圖……………119
圖三十二:過濾棒發揮擴大幫浦抽水口的進水效應圖解………….120
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