主動傳輸(Active transport)為生物幫浦(Biological pump)中的一部分，主要由遷移性浮游動物在夜間遷移至表層進行捕食，到黎明時再潛至深海進行呼吸、排泄及代謝作用，將上層捕獲的碳氮磷帶入深層。主動傳輸通量包括呼吸通量(Respiration flux)、死亡通量(Mortality flux)、腸道通量(Gut flux)和排泄代謝通量(Excreting flux)。雖然主動傳輸在溫帶海域已有相當多的研究及報導，但在熱帶邊緣海如北南海則尚未有學者進行研究，本研究是首次在北南海進行主動傳輸之探討，並與西北太平洋不同海域比較。
研究結果顯示，浮游動物在200m以淺日夜生物貯存(inventory)量有明顯差異，確實有日夜垂直遷移現象。浮游動物垂直遷移生物量在北南海常態夏季、內波特殊事件、反渦流事件與西北太平洋分別為376 mg DW m-2、997 mg DW m-2、635 mg DW m-2與158 mg DW m-2；主動傳輸碳通量於上述條件分別為25.6 mg C m-2 d-1、93.4 mg C m-2 d-1、50.0 mg C m-2 d-1與10.9 mg C m-2 d-1；氮通量分別為2.68 mg N m-2 d-1、7.26 mg N m-2 d-1、4.09 mg N m-2 d-1與1.40 mg N m-2 d-1；磷通量分別為0.37 mg P m-2 d-1、0.99 mg P m-2 d-1、0.57 mg P m-2 d-1與0.16 mg P m-2 d-1。主動傳輸碳氮磷通量與垂直遷移生物量於北南海特殊事件高於常態夏季，最低為西北太平洋，呼吸通量貢獻主動傳輸約佔一半以上。另比較加那利群島(Canary Island)的研究報導，結果顯示在常態夏季與反渦流事件之主動傳輸結果與本研究結果有相同趨勢。
另外，主動傳輸碳氮磷通量與浮游動物垂直遷移生物量有顯著正相關，而透光層葉綠素貯存量與垂直遷移浮游動物生物量和透光層營養鹽(DIN)貯存量成正比，而主動傳輸碳通量也與透光層之葉綠素和DIN貯存量有顯著相關性。因此，主動傳輸碳氮磷通量的多寡，應是受到海洋基礎生產力強弱的影響。主動傳輸佔生物幫浦碳氮磷通量比例於北南海常態夏季分別為34.5±3.75%、38.6±8.25%與36.7±2.62%；在內波特殊事件為28.6%、31.3%與26.2%；在西北太平洋則分別為32.4%、25.8%與32.8%。由此看來，主動傳輸在生物幫浦中佔有不可忽略角色。

Zooplanktons play a critical role in the biological pump by acquiring organic material in the euphotic zone at night, and release part of the assimilated material including organic and inorganic matters below the euphotic zone during the day. This diet vertical migration drives the active fluxes of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Active fluxes are composed of respiratory flux, mortality flux, excretion flux and gut flux, which have been reported in the previous studies but are not yet reported in the northern South China Sea (NSCS) where is generally thought as tropical and oligotrophic. This study is the first to explore the active fluxes of CNP in the NSCS, and the results are also compared with those found in the northwest Pacific.
The active migrant biomass were 376 mg m-2 in regular summer, but varied from 635 mg m-2 in an anticyclonic event to 997 mg m-2 in an internal-waves induced event. Active fluxes of C, N, and P were respectively estimated to be 25.6 mg C m-2 d-1, 2.68 mg N m-2 d-1 and 0.37 mg P m-2 d-1 in regular summer, about 50.0 mg C m-2 d-1, 4.09 mg N m-2 d-1 and 0.57 mg P m-2 d-1 in an anticyclonic event, and about 93.4 mg C m-2 d-1, 7.26 mg N m-2 d-1 and 0.99 mg P m-2 d-1 in an internal-waves induced event. The migrant biomass and active fluxes of CNP were significantly higher in special ocean events than in regular summer. Comparing to other studies at Canary Island in regular summer and anticyclonic event, our results show similar ranges and trends in fluxes. Furthermore, our studies in the northwest Pacific show that the magnitude of migrant biomass (158 mg m-2) and active fluxes of CNP (10.9 mg C m-2 d-1, 1.40 mg N m-2 d-1 and 0.57 mg P m-2 d-1) in regular summer were much lower than those in summer in the NSCS.
The proportion of active CNP fluxes to the sum of biological pump in the NSCS are 34.5±3.75%, 38.6±8.25% and 36.7±2.62%, respectively, in the regular summer, about 28.6%, 31.3% and 26.2%, respectively, in an internal-waves induced event, and about 32.4%, 25.8% and 32.8%, respectively, in the northwest Pacific. The active transport obviously plays an important role in the downward fluxes of CNP in the NSCS.

論文審定書 i
致謝 ii
中文摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 vi
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 xii
第一章、前言 1
1.1二氧化碳對人類影響 1
1.2海洋碳循環 1
1.3研究目的 4
第二章、材料與方法 8
2.1研究區域 8
2.2採樣位置及方法 13
2.2.1採樣位置及時間 13
2.3浮游動物日夜遷移取樣及分析 16
2.3.1浮游動物取樣 16
2.3.2 浮游動物分析 16
2.4海水取樣及分析 21
2.4.1海水取樣方法 21
2.4.2實驗方法 22
第三章、結果與討論 24
3.1 各航次水文概況 24
3.1.1 ORI-1039航次水文概況 24
3.1.2 ORI-1059航次水文概況 31
3.1.3 ORI-1074航次水文概況 44
3.1.4 ORI-1082航次水文概況 51
3.1.5 ORIII-1773航次水文概況 60
3.1.6 ORV-0035航次水文概況 63
3.2主動傳輸 67
3.2.1浮游動物日夜垂直遷移 67
3.2.2浮游動物時間序列之生物量與豐度 71
3.2.3浮游動物日間、夜間與垂直遷移生物量 74
3.2.4主動傳輸通量 88
第四章、結論 105
第五章、參考文獻 107
網站 107
中文部份 107
英文部份 108

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