近年來，隨著觀賞水族業的發展，使珊瑚的需求與價格逐年上升，而珊瑚的色澤與生長更是商業價值的關鍵所在。本研究探討餵食處理對珊瑚形態與生理變化之影響。研究於澎湖縣水產種苗繁殖場進行，使用人工繁殖的美麗軸孔珊瑚 (Acropora muricata)為研究物種，餵食處理分別為無餵食(控制組)、餵食等鞭金藻 (Isochrysis galbana)、豐年蝦 (Artemia salina)、等鞭金藻加豐年蝦和輪蟲 (Briachionus rotundiformis)，共五個處理組。實驗期間，每隔兩周測量珊瑚重量(buoyant weight) 與拍照記錄各階段珊瑚生長與色澤變化，拍攝條件為ISO-200、1/30秒曝光時間、曝光偏差+1、光圈孔徑f/3.3、無閃光燈模式、AWS白平衡模式，並採用 Image J軟體進行色澤分析；八週後，將各組珊瑚樣本進行生理指標之分析。結果顯示，實驗期間水中磷酸鹽濃度有偏高的現象(7.84 ± 1.10 μM PO43-)，而珊瑚生長在控制組與餵食處理組間無顯著差異，皆增加0.8-1倍的重量；色澤方面，餵食輪蟲組在RGB數值顯著下降、有色澤變淺的趨勢，其餘各組RGB數值皆顯著上升、有色澤變深的現象。綜合而言，餵食處理對美麗軸孔珊瑚生長及生理指標(共生藻密度、葉綠素a濃度、蛋白質含量)無顯著影響，但在色澤方面，餵食輪蟲組色澤變淺與其他組別呈現不同趨勢，此現象在珊瑚商業養殖上可能有應用的潛力。

The price and demand on corals in ornamental industry are rising in recent years. Among various factors, color and growth rate are the most important two to determine the business profit. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of additional fed on the physiology and color of the stony coral, Acropora muricata. The experiments were conducted in the Marine Life Propagation Station, Penghu. Treatments were divided into 5 groups, i.e. control (starved), fed with Isochrysis galbana, Artemia salina, Isochrysis galbana + Artemia salina and Briachionus rotundiformis. Coral growth was measured by buoyant weighting method and morphology change was analyzed by photograph and Image J every other week. Camera settings were ISO-200, 1/30 second exposure time, exposure bias +1, iris aperture f/3.3, no flash and AWS white balance mode. Physiological parameters were only determined at week 0 and 8. Phosphate concentration (7.84 ± 1.10 μM PO43-) was significantly higher than normal seawater during the experimental period. Coral weight increased in the range of 80 - 100% and no difference among treatments. In contrast, the RGB values decreased with lighter color in the group of fed with B. rotundiformis. All other groups had darker colors when compared with week 0. In addition, measurements on physiological parameters, i.e. zooxanthellae density, total protein and chlorophyll a content showed no significant difference among treatments. The result of lighter color when fed with B. rotundiformis may have application potential in ornamental industry of corals.

謝辭+I
中文摘要+II
英文摘要+III
目錄+IV
表目錄+VI
圖目錄+VII
一、前言+1
1.1珊瑚礁的重要性+1
1.2珊瑚復育、養殖研究+1
1.3水質對珊瑚的影響+2
1.4餵食對珊瑚的影響+2
1.5珊瑚色澤的價值與應用+3
1.6研究動機+3
二、材料與方法+4
2.1實驗環境設定+4
2.2珊瑚形質測定+6
2.3珊瑚生理指標之測定+7
2.4統計分析+8
三、結果+10
3.1養殖系統之環境因子監測+10
3.2珊瑚存活率+10
3.3珊瑚攝食量分析+10
3.4珊瑚形質分析+11
3.5珊瑚生理指標之分析+11
四、討論+13
4.1養殖系統與環境因子的影響+13
4.2餵食對美麗軸孔珊瑚影響+13
4.3結論+16
五、參考文獻+18
表+23
圖+27

林學銘 (2007)　利用中觀生態池探討食用松藻及營養鹽添加對美麗軸孔珊瑚之交
互作用。國立中興大學生命科學研究所碩士論文。台灣。

張又仁 (2010)　以中觀生態池探討草食作用下營養鹽添加對松藻、軸孔珊瑚及海
葵交互作用的影響。國立中興大學生命科學研究所碩士論文。台灣。

Borell, E. M., A. R. Yuliantri, K. Bischof, and C. Richter. 2008. The effect of heterotrophy on photosynthesis and tissue composition of two scleractinian corals under elevated temperature. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 364: 116-123.

Borneman, E. H., and J. Lowrie. 2001. Advances in captive husbandry and propagation: An easily utilized reef replenishment means from the private sector? Bulletin of Marine Science 69: 897-913.

Bradford, M. M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72: 248-254.

Cooper, T. F., and K. E. Fabricius. 2012. Pigmentation of massive corals as a simple bioindicator for marine water quality. Marine Pollution Bulletin 65: 333-341.

Davies, P. S. 1989. Short-term growth measurements of corals using an accurate buoyant weighing technique. Marine Biology 101: 389-395.

Dunn, J. G., P. W. Sammarco, and G. LaFleur Jr. 2012. Effects of phosphate on growth and skeletal density in the scleractinian coral Acropora muricata : A controlled experimental approach. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 411: 34-44.

Ferrier-Pagès, C., C. Rottier, E. Beraud, and O. Levy. 2010. Experimental assessment of the feeding effort of three scleractinian coral species during a thermal stress: Effect on the rates of photosynthesis. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 390: 118-124.
Ferrier-Pages, C., D. Allemand, J. Gattuso, J. Jaubert, and F. Rassoulzadegan. 1998. Microheterotrophy in the zooxanthellate coral Stylophora pistillata: effects of light and ciliate density. Limnology and Oceanography 43: 1639-1648.

Ferrier-Pages, C., J. Witting, E. Tambutté, and K. Sebens. 2003. Effect of natural zooplankton feeding on the tissue and skeletal growth of the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata. Coral Reefs 22: 229-240.

Fitt, W., F. McFarland, M. Warner, and G. Chilcoat. 2000. Seasonal patterns of tissue biomass and densities of symbiotic dinoflagellates in reef corals and relation to coral bleaching. Limnology and Oceanography 45: 677-685.

Furnas, M. J. 1991. Net in situ growth rates of phytoplankton in an oligotrophic, tropical shelf ecosystem. Limnology and Oceanography 36: 13-29.

Godinot, C., C. Ferrier-Pagès, and R. Grover. 2009. Control of phosphate uptake by zooxanthellae and host cells in the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata. Limnology and Oceanography 54: 1627.

Godinot, C., C. Ferrier-Pages, P. Montagna, and R. Grover. 2011. Tissue and skeletal changes in the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata Esper 1797 under phosphate enrichment. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 409: 200-207.

Hii, Y.-S., C.-L. Soo, and H.-C. Liew. 2009. Feeding of scleractinian coral, Galaxea fascicularis, on Artemia salina nauplii in captivity. Aquaculture International 17: 363-376.

Hochberg, E. J., M. J. Atkinson, A. Apprill, and S. Andrefouet. 2004. Spectral reflectance of coral. Coral Reefs 23: 84-95.

Hoegh-Guldberg, O. 1999. Climate change, coral bleaching and the future of the world's coral reefs. Marine and Freshwater Research 50: 839-866.

Hoeghguldberg, O., and G. J. Smith. 1989. Influence of the population-density of zooxanthellae and supply of ammonium on the biomass and metabolic characteristics of the reef corals Seriatopora-hystrix and Stylophora-pistillata. Marine Ecology Progress Series 57: 173-186.
Houlbrèque, F., E. Tambutté, D. Allemand, and C. Ferrier-Pagès. 2004. Interactions between zooplankton feeding, photosynthesis and skeletal growth in the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata. Journal of Experimental Biology 207: 1461-1469.

Jeffrey, S., and F. Haxo. 1968. Photosynthetic pigments of symbiotic dinoflagellates (zooxanthellae) from corals and clams. Biological Bulletin 135: 149-165.

Jeffrey, S. T., and G. Humphrey. 1975. New spectrophotometric equations for determining chlorophylls a, b, c1 and c2 in higher plants, algae and natural phytoplankton. Biochem. Physiol. Pflanz 167: 1-194.

Johannes, R., and L. Tepley. 1974. Examination of feeding of the reef coral Porites lobata in situ using time lapse photography. In: Proceedings of the Second International Coral Reef Symposium. p 127-131.

Joyce, K. E., and S. R. Phinn. 2003. Hyperspectral analysis of chlorophyll content and photosynthetic capacity of coral reef substrates. Limnology and Oceanography 48: 489-496.

Mass, T., I. Brickner, E. Hendy, and A. Genin. 2011. Enduring physiological and reproductive benefits of enhanced flow for a stony coral. Limnology and Oceanography 56: 2176.

Miller, M. 1995. Growth of a temperate coral: effects of temperature, light, depth, and heterotrophy. Marine Ecology Progress Series. Oldendorf 122: 217-225.

Muscatine, L. 1967. Glycerol excretion by symbiotic algae from corals and Tridacna and its control by the host. Science 156: 516-519.

Muscatine, L., P. Falkowski, Z. Dubinsky, P. Cook, and L. McCloskey. 1989. The effect of external nutrient resources on the population dynamics of zooxanthellae in a reef coral. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. B. Biological Sciences 236: 311-324.

Naumann, M. S., W. Niggl, C. Laforsch, C. Glaser, and C. Wild. 2009. Coral surface area quantification–evaluation of established techniques by comparison with computer tomography. Coral Reefs 28: 109-117.
Orejas, C., C. Ferrier-Pages, S. Reynaud, G. Tsounis, D. allenand, and J. M. Gili 2011. Experimental comparison of skeletal growth rates in the cold-water coral Madrepora oculata Linnaeus, 1758 and three tropical scleractinian corals. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 405: 1-5.

Rodolfo-Metalpa, R., A. Peirano, F. Houlbrèque, M. Abbate, and C. Ferrier-Pagès. 2008. Effects of temperature, light and heterotrophy on the growth rate and budding of the temperate coral Cladocora caespitosa. Coral Reefs 27: 17-25.

Schlacher, T. A., J. Stark, and A. B. Fischer. 2007. Evaluation of artificial light regimes and substrate types for aquaria propagation of the staghorn coral Acropora solitaryensis. Aquaculture 269: 278-289.

Schwarz, J., V. Weis, and D. Potts. 2002. Feeding behavior and acquisition of zooxanthellae by planula larvae of the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima. Marine Biology 140: 471-478.

Sebens, K., S. Grace, B. Helmuth, E. Maney Jr, and J. Miles. 1998. Water flow and prey capture by three scleractinian corals, Madracis mirabilis, Montastrea cavernosa and Porites porites, in a field enclosure. Marine Biology 131: 347-360.

Sella, I., and Y. Benayahu. 2010. Rearing cuttings of the soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea): towards mass production in a closed seawater system. Aquaculture Research 41: 1748-1758.

Shafir, S., J. Van Rijn, and B. Rinkevich. 2006. Coral nubbins as source material for coral biological research: a prospectus. Aquaculture 259: 444-448.

Shuman, C. S., G. Hodgson, and R. F. Ambrose. 2004. Managing the marine aquarium trade: is eco-certification the answer? Environmental Conservation 31: 339-348.

Siebeck, U., N. Marshall, A. Klüter, and O. Hoegh-Guldberg. 2006. Monitoring coral bleaching using a colour reference card. Coral Reefs 25: 453-460.

Soong, K., and T. A. Chen. 2003. Coral transplantation: regeneration and growth of Acropora fragments in a nursery. Restoration Ecology 11: 62-71.
 
Tolosa, I., C. Treignier, R. Grover, and C. Ferrier-Pagès. 2011. Impact of feeding and short-term temperature stress on the content and isotopic signature of fatty acids, sterols, and alcohols in the scleractinian coral Turbinaria reniformis. Coral reefs 30: 763-774.

van Os, N. et al. 2012. Influence of heterotrophic feeding on the survival and tissue growth rates of Galaxea fascicularis (Octocorralia: Occulinidae) in aquaria. Aquaculture 330: 156-161.

Winters, G., R. Holzman, A. Blekhman, S. Beer, and Y. Loya. 2009. Photographic assessment of coral chlorophyll contents: Implications for ecophysiological studies and coral monitoring. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 380: 25-35.