無論是始於全球化的經濟危機、衰退，又或者是因為科技的不斷進步、創新，為了保持或增強企業的競爭優勢或配合科技世代的發展;同步。裁員，已成為一個企業縮減成本、規模或改善經營、提升效能的方式，已經越來越被人們所知悉，在未來面對環境的迅速變化也可能會有越來越頻繁的趨勢，對於企業來說如何讓員工明暸科技進步變化導致低技術性勞動力工作變少是不得已的選項，以及基於社會責任在裁員後做好後續工作避免引發後續問題是企業必須所思考以及正視的問題。

Due to the economic recession or crisis caused by globalization or innovation of technology, layoff has become a common approach for enterprises to reduce costs, maintain or enhance their competitive advantage, development and performance. In fast changing environment, layoff will become more and more frequent. Layoff management has become an important issue especially those who been layoff because of technology innovation. Another issue is enterprises should take serious consideration and make more effort on social corporation responsibility after layoff their employees.

Content CHAPTER 1: RESEARCH MOTIVES………………..…………………………………...1 SECTION 1: RESEARCH BACKGROUND…………………………………………….1 SECTION 2: PURPOSE OF STUDY…………………………………………………...5 SECTION 3: RESEARCH METHOD…………………………………………………..6
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW….......................................................................6
SECTION 1: LAYOFFS……………………………………………………………...6
SECTION 2: MACHINE ALTERNATIVE REPLACING HUMAN POWER…………….….21
SECTION 3: PERSONALITY AND EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP…………….…….27
SECTION 4: THEORY OF WORK ADAPTATION……………………………………28
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHOD………………..………………………………….35
SECTION 1: CASE STUDY METHOD………………………………………………35
SECTION 2: CASE STUDY SELECTION AND PRINCIPLE……………………………38
SECTION 3: DATA COLLECTION………………………………………………….40
SECTION 4: DATA ANALYSIS METHOD…………………………………………..42
CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS……………………...………………...43
SECTION 1: INTERVIEW ANALYSIS OF FAR EASTERN ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION CO, LTD…………………………………………….43
SECTION 2: INTERVIEW ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL TOLL COLLECTION UNION
REPRESENTATIVE………………………………………………….…51
SECTION 3: THOUGHTS FROM FETC AND THE LABORS ON SOLUTIONS……….….56
SECTION 4: COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF THE INCIDENT……………………...58
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION…………………………………..…...61
SECTION 1: CONCLUSION……………………………………………………….…..61
SECTION 2: SUGGESTIONS TO EMPLOYERS……………………………….…………63
SECTION 3: LIMITATION AND SUGGESTION FOR FUTURE RESEARCH……………….67
REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………………..68

1.牛熊鷹(2002)。國企裁員方略：企業裁員的過程分析.理論新線,,(03) 22-26

2.方建國，尹麗波(2012)。技術創新對就業的影響：創造還是毀滅工作崗位：以福建省為例[J]中國人口科學, (6):33-43

3.洪英正、康淑美（2010）。職涯發展中被挖角與跳槽之離職行為的相關研究。T&D 飛訊，109，1-21。

4.李紅松(2010)。資本-勞動替代的技術特徵及其對擴大就業的啟示[J]武漢科技大學學報（社會科學版(1):72-75

5.羅放良(2006)。產權制度改革是國有企業市場化的關鍵『ＥＱ』中國信息報04-07

6.鄭曉蕾(2004)。裁員的經濟學分析.財經論壇.(6):18-21

7. Thomas H. Davenport , Julia Kirby(2015) 超越自動化的人才
https://www.hbrtaiwan.com/article_content_AR0003114_2.html


English researches

Andrew Molinsky and Joshua Margolis(2006) “The Emotional Tightope of Downsizing: Hidden Challenges for leader and their organization, Organizational Dymamic, Vol.35, No.2, pp.145-159

Budros, Art(1999) A conceptual framework for analyzing why organization downsize[J]. A journal of the Institute of Management Sciences,10:69-83

Burke,R..D Nelson, D(1999) Mergers and acquisitions downsizing and privatization[M]. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association

Band.C.D. and Tustin, M.C (1995)” Strategic downsizing” Management decision, Vol.33,No.8,MCB University Press USA, 36-45

Bennett, N, C. Martin, R. Bies and J. Brockner(1995), “Coping with layoffs: A Longitudinal study of Victims” Jowmal of Management 20, 311-342

Beaudry, Collard(2002) Why has the employment productivity tradeoff among industrialized countries been so strong? [J].National Bureau of Economic Research (4)

Caryl C. Neinas(1987), Outplacement services for the blue-collar worker, Journal of career development, Vol. 14(2).

C. Edquist, S. Jacobsson(1987). The diffusion of industrial robots in the OECD countries and the impact thereof [J] Robitics,.3(1):23-32

Cavelaars, Pual(2003). Has the trade-off between productivity gains and jobs growth disappeared? [J]. MEB,(12)

Cappelli , P. M. (1999). The new deal at work: managing the market-driven workforce. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.

David R.Howell(1985). The future employment impacts of industrial robots: An input –output approach [J] Technological forecasting and social change,28 (4):297-310

Ditmar Edler, Tatjana Ribakova(1994). The impact of industrial robots on the level and structure of employment in Germany- A simulation study for the period 1980-2000[J] Technological forecasting and social change,45 (3):255-274

Daniel C Feldam(1996) Management Careers in downsizing firm[J]Human resource management,2 :35~52

Deborah Dougherty, Edward H, Bowman(1995) The effect on organizational downsizing on product innovation, California Management Review, Vol.37,N0.4,

Dewit,R.L(1998), Firm, industry, and strategy influences on Choice of downsizing approach , strategic management journal 19:1, 59-57

David Sims(2015). Are robot kill job or creating them?them?[EB/OL].( http://news.thomasent.com/IMT/2013/02/05/are-robot-kill job-or-creating-them/.

Drew Greenblatt(2015).6 way robot create jobs EB/OL]. http://www.inc.com/drew-greenblatt/6-way-robot-create-job.html

E. Geoffrey Love and Mathew Kraatz (2009) “Character, conformity or the bottom line? How and Why downsizing affected corporation Reputation”, Academy of Management Journal , Vol. 52, No.2, 314-335

Eriksson, Clas (1997). Is there a trade-off between employment and Growth? [J] Oxford Economic paper, 49(1):77-88

Fatih. K and Semra. B(2008) “Application of the outplacement model, FATRA to TAF PMS 2010 concept” Journal of Aeronautics and space technologies, January V3 N3, 61-64

Fei, John C.H, Ranis, Gustav(1999) Growth and Development from an evolutionary perspective [J]. London Blackwell Publisher Ltd, .

Freeman,S.J and Cameron, K.S.(1993) Organizational downsizing: a convergence and reorientation framework. Organizational Science(1993)

Goldin, Claudia, Katz, Lawrence F(1999) The returns to skill in the United State Across the Twintieth Century[J]. NBER Working paper

Hobfoll. S. E (1989) Conservation of resource “A new Attempt at conceptualizing stress” American psychologist, 44,513-524

Hammer(1997) , J. Chappy, Reform the company - the declaration of the corporate revolution

Joel Brocker(1992). Managing the effect of layoffs on survivors[J]. California management review. 4:9-28

K.J Ready(1995). How can human resource expertise support reengineering effort [J]. Industrial Management,6:14-19

Leonard Greenhalgh, Anne T.Lawrence & Robert I(1998). Determination of work force Reduction Strategies in Declining Organization [J]. Academy of management of Review,13:241~258

Machin, Stephen. And Reenen, John Van(1998). Technology and change in skill structure: Evidence from seven OECD countries [J] The quarterly Journal of Economics ,113(4):1215-1244

Mohammed Owais Qureshi, Rumaiya Sajjad Syed(2014). The impact of robotic on employment and motivation of employment in the service sector with special reference to health care [J]. Savety and health at work.(3):10-12.

Mohammed Owais Qureshi, Rumaiya Sajjad Syed(2014). The impact of robotic on employment and motivation of employment in the service sector with special reference to health care [J]. Savety and health at work.(3):10-12.

Ohlhelser, James W(1995) “Downsizing: Guide for facilities manager” E solution , Vol27, issue5, May, 4535

R. Dewitt(1993). The Structural Consequence on Choice Downsizing [J] Organizational Science

Rabin, Jack (1999),”Organizational Downsizing”: An introduction , Management ,Vol.2, N0.3.

Rousseau(1995)”Understanding the Written and unwritten agreements- Psychological contract in organization”. CA: Sage Publications.

Robbins, S.P. (2012). Organizational Behavior(15). United States: Prentice Hall.

Shaw, J.B.& Barrett- Power, E. (1997). A conceptual framework for Assessing Organization , Work Group, and Individual Effectiveness During and After Downsizing . Human Relations, 50(2):109-127

Wayne F. Casiio. Downsizing(1993): what do we know, what have we learned[J]. Academy of management Executive 7:96-108