沿岸泮蚓 (Pontodrilus litoralis) 分布在熱帶沿海地區及溫暖海域，是廣泛分布全球海岸邊的廣鹽性蚯蚓，本研究要回答牠是利用那些機制來散佈全世界？目前驗證幾個假說： 1.利用海水漂流 (細分為海草攜帶說及木頭漂流說) 2.人為攜帶 3.鳥類攜帶。本研究分為野外與室內實驗；野外實驗為1.「蚯蚓利用木頭漂流實驗」：利用木頭、海草和黑布三類，每類分別加上蚯蚓長時間放置在東沙島小潟湖內，透過一個月後實驗回收進行蚯蚓存活率及生長率比較，結果顯示此蚯蚓能利用木頭長時間存活在海水中，海草則全部不能存活。2.利用地圖上澎湖無人為種植防風林地點尋找有無蚯蚓來驗證防風林植栽人為假說，結果共發現4處地點無防風林但有沿岸泮蚓，否定防風林植栽人為假說。3. 2012年起記錄東沙島北岸30公分厚海草堆內的蚯蚓垂直分布，結果顯示海草堆下5公分內沒有蚯蚓分佈，加上觀察發現東沙島海濱海鳥不會去翻動海草堆，否定鳥攜帶蚯蚓假說。室內實驗為： 1. 測試蚯蚓能否攀住海草：在實驗室中利用漂浮海草和木頭分別加上蚯蚓，測試蚯蚓能否攀住海草和木頭，結果顯示蚯蚓無法在靜止海水中長時間攀住浮在水面的海草，顯然蚯蚓無法利用海草在海上散佈。 2.鳥攜帶蚯蚓假說的驗證，則利用鴿子作為鳥類的代表，測試蚯蚓能不能長時間待在鴿子身上五個部位的羽毛下，實驗結果顯示大部分蚯蚓個體不能待在鴿子的羽毛下超過1小時，不支持鳥攜帶假說；基於全部實驗結果，支持沿岸泮蚓成體是利用木頭漂流假說，不支持海草漂流假說、防風林植栽人為假說和鳥類攜帶假說。

Pontodrilus litoralis is an euryhaline earthworm widely distributed in warm beaches throughout the world. Here, we want to investigate the dispersal mechanisms of the earthworm. Three hypotheses are proposed and tested: 1. Riding the sea current (seagrass and drift wood hypotheses)；2. Transported by human；3. Carried by birds. The earthworm could survive in seawater with wood, but not with seagrass debris. It occurs in beaches without wind breaking woods, or human intervention. The earthworm could not cling to floating seagrasses, nor staying on the bodies of a pigeon. The vertical distribution of the earthworms also make it unlikely for the feet of wading birds to contact them. Based on these results, we find that the drift wood hypothesis is the only dispersal mechanism left unfalsified.

目錄


前言………………………………………………………………………………… 1
材料與方法………………………………………………………………………… 5
結果………………………………………………………………………………… 12
討論………………………………………………………………………………… 17
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………… 22
表…………………………………………………………………………………… 28
圖…………………………………………………………………………………… 34
附圖………………………………………………………………………………… 46
附圖一、鳥類攜帶蚯蚓實驗：鴿子前背處取下的蚯蚓圖………………… 46
附圖二、蚯蚓在不同海草厚度下分布的最高及最低位置………………… 47

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