為了實現無所不在的網路服務，無線網路於近年來快速的發展。使用無線電波做為傳輸媒介，無線網路得以不受實體線材的束縛。然而無線網路受到無線通道先天的限制以及傳統通訊協定的限制，使得無線網路使用者仍舊遭遇到低頻寬與高錯誤率等問題。
OSI七層架構原先即是以有線網路為考量情境所設計，依照OSI七層架構的理念，各分層各自負責特定的工作而不需互相溝通協調。由於有線網路的通道較為穩定，各分層各自運作的做法能夠有效的運作。然而無線網路通道有著與有線網路截然不同的特性，原先的七層架構無法在無線的環境下妥善運作。在無線網路中，通道的狀態受到許多因素的影響而隨時間快速變異。外部干擾與訊號衰減等因素皆可能導至封包傳輸失敗，即使訊噪比良好，在競爭模式的無線網路中，封包傳輸仍舊可能因為碰撞的發生而失敗。一般以有線網路為考量情境所設計的通訊協定通常無法對無線網路的特性做出適切的反應，甚至可能做出錯誤反應。為了解決此一問題，一個能夠快速捕捉無線通道狀態並立即做出正確反應的網路架構是必要的。於此論文中，我們針對無線網路的特性設計一個跨層協調合作的網路架構，透過各分層的協調，此架構能快速適應無線通道的狀態，顯著提升無線網路服務品質。此外，為了解決無線網路中的碰撞問題，我們提出一個等待後傳輸的機制來緩和無線網路的競爭程度。此機制能有效降低碰撞機率，使得傳輸延遲與傳輸速率皆能獲得顯著的改善。於此論文中，我們也針對有線與無線鏈結並存的傳輸路徑設計一個跨層合作之傳輸機制，此機制能將碰撞機率等快速變異的因素從其他較為穩定的因素中分離出來，並對其進行妥善的反應。
本論文所提出之機制能顯著提升無線網路的效能，我們相信這些機制將能促進無線網路更進一步的發展。

Driven by the ambition for ubiquitous networking, wireless networks had gained substantial technical advances in recent years. Using radio signals in air as data links, wireless networks can get rid of the tangling of wired cables. However, due to the inherent limitations of wireless channels and legacy protocol design, users of wireless networks today still suffer from the problems on low bandwidth and high error rates.
The seven-layer Open System Interconnection (OSI) model was originally designed with wired network environments in mind. Following the seven-layer OSI model, each layer is responsible for handling specific tasks without communicating with each other. Due to the relative stability of wired channels, the strictly-layered approach works well in wired network environments. However, its adequacy is a controversy in wireless environments, since wireless networks have completely different characteristics from its wired counterparts. In wireless environments, channel conditions are highly time-varying and are affected by many factors. External interference or signal degradation may lead to severe packet loss. Even signal-to-noise ratios are fine, transmissions may still fail due to collisions when contention-based MAC protocols are adopted. Conventional protocols developed with wired network environments in mind cannot appropriately response to the characteristics of wireless channels and may make wrong reactions. For these reasons, a flexible framework to capture the rapid change conditions of wireless channels and respond to them immediately is necessary. In this dissertation, we design a cross-layer framework with the consideration of wireless network characteristics. By the coordination between the involved layers, the cross-layer framework can adapt to wireless channel conditions and significantly improve QoS in wireless networks. In order to reduce collision probabilities in wireless networks, we propose a novel protocol named Wait-and-Transmit, which effectively alleviates contentions in wireless networks. By reducing collision probabilities of wireless networks, transmission delays can be shortened and throughputs can be significantly improved. Aiming at the transmission paths containing at least one wireless link, a flexible and efficient cross-layer transmission scheme is also present in this dissertation, which separates the rapid change conditions such as collision probabilities from the relatively stable conditions and well responds to these changes.
The proposed approaches significantly improve the performance of wireless networks. We believe that these approaches can contribute to the development of wireless networking.

Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Intended Issues 2
1.2 Motivation 6
1.3 Organization of Dissertation 8
Chapter 2 Literature Review 9
2.1 Packet Loss 9
2.2 Transport Layer Behavior 13
2.3 MAC Layer Behavior 19
2.3.1. Background Knowledge 19
2.3.2. Reduce the Collision Probability 22
Chapter 3 Cross-layer Framework 27
3.1 The Cross-layer Transmission Framework 28
3.1.1 Physical Layer 29
3.1.2 Data-Link Layer 30
3.1.3 Transport Layer 32
3.1.4 Application Layer 34
3.2 Simulation Results 36
3.3 Summary 44
Chapter 4 Wait and Transmit Protocol 45
4.1 Wait and Transmit Protocol for Contention-based MAC Mechanisms 49
4.2 Threshold of the WAT 63
4.3 Simulation Results 72
4.3.1 Simulation environment and parameter 72
4.3.2 Simulation Results 75
4.4 Summary 82
Chapter 5 Cross-layer Approach to Adapt SCTP 83
5.1 Cross-layer Cooperative Transmission Control Mechanism 84
5.1.1 Channel Estimation 88
5.1.2 The Adaptation of the Transport Layer 91
5.2 Simulation Results 99
5.3 Summary 108
Chapter 6 Conclusion 109
References 112

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