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博碩士論文 etd-0003117-145542 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0003117-145542
論文名稱
Title
非預混蓄熱型燃燒器使用尾氣回收機制之燃燒模擬
Simulation of Non-premixed Combustion in Regenerative Burner with Exhaust Gas Recirculation Mechanism
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
74
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2016-12-20
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2017-01-03
關鍵字
Keywords
氮氧化物生成、尾氣回收循環、計算流體力學、非預混甲烷火焰、蓄熱燃燒
exhaust gas recirculation, computation fluid dynamics, nitric oxides formation, non-premixed methane flame, regenerative combustion
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5659 次,被下載 961
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5659 times, has been downloaded 961 times.
中文摘要
非預混火焰燃燒器的設計上使用富氧燃燒,功率與燃料的使用為主要的重點。為了節省燃料,使用預熱新鮮空氣的方法來達到相同的燃燒功率。此方法可節省燃料的化學能消耗在加熱冷新鮮空氣的部分,讓整體燃燒反應更強烈,但是這會使燃燒生成火焰的最高溫度較高,在燃燒室內產生強烈局部高溫。從氮氧化物的生成機制來看,相同氧氣濃度之下,較高火焰溫度會有較多的氮氧化物生成與排放。
為了降低氮氧化物的生成與排放,則使用EGR法將高溫尾氣與新鮮空氣混合,此方法可稀釋氧氣濃度來降低燃燒反應率,並且發生熱交換來加熱新鮮空氣,也是節省燃料的方法。
本研究先利用多步驟零維燃燒模型計算空燃比=11的甲烷化學反應燃燒的絕熱火焰溫度、產物組份比例。以目標絕熱火焰溫度為基礎之下使用預熱新鮮空氣與EGR機制,兩種機制來計算燃料所能夠節省的比例,再依此建立目標功率89000 kcal/hr二維的燃燒模型。二維燃燒模型顯示出火焰特性與氮氧化物生成分佈,並且分析比較二維模型與多步驟零維模型所得到結果。
目前工業使用上較少將預熱新鮮空氣與EGR同時使用,而本研究將為此兩種機制下模擬功率89000 kcal/hr,空燃比=11的非預混火焰燃燒器的燃燒反應進行模擬並交叉使用兩種機制。研究結果發現固定預新鮮空氣預熱程度之下搭配使用EGR比例的情況下,氮氧化物的排放量可最多降低65%,且最多節省燃料68%。
本研究提供非預混火焰燃燒器的定性分析,能夠預測出新鮮空氣的預熱程度與使用EGR比例對於火焰特性與氮氧化物生成與排放。
Abstract
Fuel lean combustion is used in non-premixed flame burner designing, power and fuel usage are the most considered factors. In order to decrease fuel usage, preheat input air is a normal way to reach the target power. This method can save the chemical energy in fuel from heating cold fresh air, enhance combustion reaction, but it will form higher peak flame temperature, and create a local high temperature zone in combustion chamber. Due to the formation of NOx strongly relating to temperature, higher temperature causes more NOx formation and emission under same oxygen concentration condition.
To reduce NOx formation and emission, EGR method collects hot exhaust gas and mixes it with fresh air. The method dilutes oxygen concentration and reduce the combustion reaction rate. It also heat up colder fresh air, which is also another way to save fuel usage.
Firstly, a multi-step dimensionless combustion model is used to calculate an Air/Fuel = 11 methane combustion, adiabatic flame temperature and species. Target adiabatic flame temperature is set up, and then we calculate the fuel usage for using EGR method and preheat fresh air combustion. A two dimension combustion model is built with target power 89000 kcal/hr. The two dimensional combustion model shows flame features and NOx distribution. Compare and analyze the results between di-mensionless and 2-D model.
EGR method and preheating fresh air does not simultaneously apply in industrial burner. This study simulated non premixed combustion with power 89000 kcal/hr and air fuel ratio=11, and using EGR method and preheating fresh air. Results show that max reduction of NOx emission 65%, max fuel usage reduction 68%.
Research provides qualitative analysis for non-premixed burner under different EGR ratios and different temperatures preheated fresh air, which can predict NOx emission and flame characteristic for burner designing.
目次 Table of Contents
論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 ix
符號說明 x
本文架構 xii
第1章 序論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 文獻回顧 3
1.2.1 蓄熱型燃燒器應用與相關背景 3
1.2.2 尾氣回收機制降低氧氣濃度對NOx排放燃燒表現影響 4
1.2.3 燃燒器入口配置對於火焰特性影響 9
1.2.4 氮氧化物NOx介紹與機制 13
1.3 研究目的 17
第2章 數學模型與研究方法 18
2.1 多步驟燃燒零維模型 18
2.2 二維軸對稱模型建立 21
2.2.1 模型幾何與基本假設 21
二維軸對稱模型之統御方程式與本研究模型的基本假設如下: 25
2.2.2 統御方程式 25
2.2.3 NO反應模型 28
2.2.4燃燒反應模型 31
2.3 二維模型邊界條件 32
2.4 數值方法 33
第3章 結果與討論 36
3.1 零維模型 36
3.2 二維模型 39
3.2.1 二維模型中預熱氣體對燃燒表現影響 42
3.2.2 二維模型中EGR機制對燃燒表現影響 45
第4章 結論與未來展望 57
參考文獻 59
參考文獻 References
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