臺灣西南沿海地區養殖漁業發達，養殖用水經常以海水與淡水混和呈半鹹水，並且養殖用水經常利用外海海水換水，排放出去的養殖廢水可能帶有高濃度的營養鹽，影響沿岸地區水質狀況，例如沿海優養化狀況，換水的過程中也有可能帶入海洋中的病菌使得養殖生物感染疾病風險提高，為了降低換水的對沿岸的污染以及養殖生物的感染病菌風險，本研究利用生態工法的方式來降低換水頻率以及降低養殖池中營養鹽的累積。
本研究以生物絮凝技術(BFT，biofloc technology)用於養殖用水，並研究傳統養殖用水與生物絮凝技術加入的不同，生物絮凝技術是利用水體中微生物偏好高碳氮比環境，在養殖池水中額外添加有機碳，提高水體碳氮比，微生物增加後聚集會絮凝在一起，成為比較大顆粒態的微生物，絮凝物大小可達0.1毫米至數毫米，且絮凝物組成包含藻類、原生動物類、浮游生物、輪蟲等，許多魚蝦可攝食大小介於0.1~3mm左右的絮凝物，藉由微生物會代謝無機氮的特性，轉化無機氮成為微生物的蛋白質可成為養殖額外的蛋白質補充。
本研究選定吳郭魚養殖，因為吳郭魚的環境耐受度較高，且吳郭魚為國內養殖大宗，研究分別以控制組與兩組實驗組碳氮比分別為10.71、15.00、20.00進行養殖，實驗結果顯示，實驗組的魚對飼料的同化率皆高於控制組，對於水質的控制可發現生物絮凝技術的加入會使得水體總氨氮比一般養殖水體來得高，但無機氮會比較低，有機氮較高。
本研究利用生物絮凝技術移除水中總氮，利用絮凝物裡的異營性微生物在提高碳氮比後利用有機氮增加絮凝物量，當碳氮比下降後轉而自營性微生物消耗無機氮的特性，實驗結果顯示生物絮凝的處理時間快速，兩實驗組約6小時可使總氨氮降低61.5%與40.43%，使無機氮被利用轉化成絮凝物的生物蛋白，經由過濾去除實驗結果顯示碳氮比在15時可去除總氮71.95%，碳氮比20時去除55.92%，但因使用不織布以重力流方式過濾，雖過濾效果較不穩定，但水體如未經過濾會因絮凝物的死亡進入水體再經過被礦化，使得總氨氮濃度再度升高。
研究成果顯示生物絮凝技術的應用發現吳郭魚確實會利用絮凝物當作食物，提升飼料同化率，並穩定水質；當魚塭水質有狀況時也可在短時間內添加有機碳，利用絮凝物消耗過多的無機氮再過濾穩定。

Aquaculture is widely developed in Taiwan western coast. Brackish water and seawater are common water sources. Aquaculture effluents contain high concentration of nutrients to affect water quality in coastal area and often causing the eutrophication. The process of bring in external water can introduce germs into the culture ponds, which increase the risk of culture objects infect diseases. In order to solve these problems, this research apply the ecological engineering technology to decrease the frequency of replacing water and to decrease the accumulation of nutrients in ponds.
This research used Biofloc Technology (BFT) to improve aquaculture water environment. The differences between traditional method and biofloc technology for aquaculture are identified. Biofloc technology is based on the usage of microorganisms in the water that prefer high C/N ratio environment. Extra organic carbon is added into the pond in order to increase the C/N ratio. Large particles formed by the increasing amount of microorganisms, called biofloc. Floc size range from 0.1 mm to a few millimeters, which consist of algae, protozoa, plankton and rotifers. Many fish and shrimp can ingest the flocs, which size between 0.1 to 3mm. This can be served as an extra protein supply.
Tilapia was selected for this study because its high environmental tolerance, and it is the major domestic breeding species in Taiwan. The study was divided into a control group and two experimental groups, with C / N ratios of 10.71, 15 and 20, respectively. Results show that the experimental groups have higher feed assimilation rate than the control group. TAN and organic nitrogen could be higher than traditional aquaculture pond by using biofloc technology, however the inorganic nitrogen is lower.
Biofloc technology in this study has shown its function on removing total nitrogen in culture water. Heterotrophic microorganisms in flocs degrade organic matter after increase C/N ratio and, thus, the amount of flocs are increased too. When the C / N ratio decreases, the autotrophic microorganisms in the flocs consume inorganic nitrogen. The experimental results show that biofloc treatment is efficient on quick improvement of water quality. Two experimental groups can reduce TAN 61.5% and 40.43% within 6 hours. After filtering, 71.95% of total nitrogen can be removed with C/N=15 and 55.92% can be removed with C/N=20. The death floc will be remineralized that causing the total ammonia concentration increased again, if not filtered.
In this study, it is observed that tilapia did use flocs as food which enhancing the feed assimilation rate and stabilizing the water quality. Therefore, add extra organic carbon and remove part of the flocs can quickly improve the water quality when the water quality become unstable in the aquaculture ponds.

論文審定書 i
致謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract v
圖目錄 x
表目錄 xii
第一章　緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
第二章　文獻回顧 3
2.1 養殖水質 3
2.1.1 水溫、溶氧、鹽度以及酸鹼值對養殖水質的影響 3
2.1.2 氨氮、亞硝酸鹽及硝酸鹽對於養殖水質的影響 4
2.1.3 氮循環 6
2.1.4 物理性質與氨氮毒性的關係 9
2.1.5 物理性質與亞硝酸毒性的關係 10
2.1.6 磷對於養殖水質的影響 10
2.1.7 養殖池中的碳循環 11
2.1.8 藻類對於養殖水質的關係 11
2.2 生物處理法 12
2.2.1 生物絮凝 13
2.2.2 生物絮凝的機制 14
2.2.3 生物絮凝的實驗案例 14
2.2.4 生物絮凝的理論 15
2.2.5 生物絮凝的注意事項 16
2.3 白蝦養殖基礎 17
2.3.1 白蝦對水質的要求 18
2.3.2 白蝦生長週期 19
2.4 吳郭魚養殖背景 20
2.4.1 吳郭魚水質要求 20
2.4.2 吳郭魚餵食 21
2.4.3 利用生物絮凝飼養吳郭魚 21
第三章　研究方法 23
3.1 實驗流程 23
3.2 生物絮凝實驗設計 24
3.2.1 生物絮凝測試 24
3.2.2 生物絮凝模槽測試(一)-白蝦 25
3.2.3 生物絮凝模槽測試(二)-吳郭魚 27
3.3 採樣與分析方法 29
3.3.1 水質檢測方法概(NIEA) 29
3.3.2 採樣與保存 31
3.3.3 水質分析與分析方法 32
3.4 統計分析 34
第四章　結果與討論 35
4.1 生物絮凝測試 35
4.1.1 生物絮凝測試小結 44
4.2 生物絮凝模槽測試(一)-白蝦 45
4.2.1 生物絮凝模槽測試(一)小結 54
4.3 生物絮凝模槽測試(二)-吳郭魚 55
4.3.1 實驗水質穩定分析 61
4.3.2 第一次提高碳氮比探討 65
4.3.3 提高碳氮比後水質變化 70
4.3.4 第二與第三次提高碳氮比探討 71
4.3.5 生物絮凝模槽測試(二)顯微觀察 73
4.3.6 生物絮凝模槽測試(二)小結 77
4.4 絮凝物、懸浮固體以及有機氮的關係 78
4.5 生物絮凝氮通量計算 82
4.6 生物絮凝是否能取代飼料 86
第五章　現地實際應用 89
5.1 生物絮凝技術現地實際應用 89
5.1.1 現地魚塭設計 89
5.2 生物絮凝與傳統養殖成本差異 91
第六章　結論與建議 92
6.1 結論 92
6.2 建議 93
參考文獻 94

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