不同地區在環境與資源上的差異會對當地動物族群會帶來不同的生存壓力，此差異常影響動物族群的數量、分布甚至行為。過去臺灣山羌的調查研究雖然不少，但由於方法的不同及樣區範圍的侷限，對於海拔是否影響臺灣山羌的數量、分布及行為等並無一致結論。本研究分析過去於壽山（22-323公尺）、出雲山（900-2,200公尺）及南橫（1,700-2,700公尺）等不同海拔地區所設之67台自動相機之影像資料，藉由大範圍的分析比較，探討捕食者及臺灣山羌之數量、分布、活動模式及行為間之差異。結果顯示，山羌的數量與海拔高低無顯著相關。雖然低海拔的壽山山羌密度最高，但中海拔之出雲山的相對數量卻最少。各樣區的山羌皆整日活動且以晨昏為高峰，壽山的山羌於上午 9 點至下午 3 點間較其他兩樣區更活躍。各地山羌一致花費最多時間在覓食上，且其他行為，如移動、警戒、覓食的時間分配並無海拔的差異。捕食者的數量與海拔及山羌相對數量無顯著相關。在壽山樣區中，山羌的唯一捕食者—狗的活動模式雖與山羌相似，但更偏向於日間活動；捕食者與山羌的活動模式在出雲山和南橫無差異。出雲山的山羌數量相對少於壽山和南橫，可能與當地植被較差、地形較陡以及獵捕壓力大有關。壽山緊鄰城市，可能夜晚的人為干擾大，以致此區的山羌在白天活動比例較高較出雲山和南橫多。

Spatially distant animal populations scattered in wide geographical ranges may confront with quite different environment conditions. These differences are often reflected in the abundance, distribution and behavior among the local populations. Formosan Reeves' muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi micrurus) is forest-dwelling species widespread from the lowland to high mountains in Taiwan. Although previous studies have addressed on the relationship of its abundance, distribution, and behavior with altitude, the results remain inconclusive. In this study, camera-trapping data from fauna surveys along the area of Gaoping River, including Shoushan (22-323 m), Chuyunshan Nature Reserve (900-2,200 m), and Southern Cross-Island Highway area (1,700-2,700 m) were analyzed and compared. The aim of this study is to determine whether there are altitudinal differences of abundance, distribution, activity pattern and behavior in Formosan Reeves' muntjac. Data collected from a total of 67 camera sites were analyzed in the analysis. The results showed that the abundance of the muntjac was not correlated with altitude. The muntjac showed the highest density at Shoushan (low altitude), while lowest at Chuyunshan Nature Reserve (middle altitude). The muntjac remains active throughout 24 hours and peaked at dusk and dawn. The muntjac at Shoushan was more active between 9:00 - 15:00 than those of the other study areas. Foraging was the most frequently observed behavior at all three areas. The relative frequencies of locomotion, alert, foraging and other behavior were not different among altitudes. The abundance of the predator was neither correlated with the altitude nor the abundance of muntjac. Activity patterns of the muntjac and dog, the only predator of muntjac at Shoushan, were similar although dogs were more diurnal oriented. At other areas, activity patterns of the predators and muntjac showed no differences. Poor food availability, steep topography and higher hunting pressure at Chuyunshan Nature Reserve may explain its lowest muntjac abundance among these three areas. The tendency that the muntjac being more diurnal at Shoushan may be due to its potentially higher disturbance at night, a consequence of being surrounded by the metropolitan area.

論文審定書 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
目錄 v
表次 vii
圖次 ix
附錄 xi
前言 1
方法 7
一、資料來源 7
二、樣區環境概述 7
三、資料來源之自動相機取樣方法概述 9
四、自動相機影像分析 10
五、統計方法 14
結果 16
一、自動相機資料 16
二、不同海拔之動物種類及有效紀錄（隻次）比較 16
三、山羌的活動模式 20
四、不同海拔的山羌行為比較 22
五、山羌與捕食者之關係 24
討論 26
一、海拔對臺灣山羌之數量與分布的影響 26
二、不同海拔山羌之活動模式的差異 30
三、不同海拔山羌行為的差異 31
四、山羌與捕食者之關係 32
參考文獻 34
表 46
圖 63
附錄 84

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