在許多國家中，移民企業家是經濟發展中不可或缺的一部分，他們扮演著著舉足輕重的角色。即便如此，與國內產業相比，移民企業似乎還是較為脆弱不堪。根據哈佛商學院的統計數據，移民企業中僅有百分之二十的新創公司於經營一年後仍存活下來。創業總不免俗的被人們聯想到失敗破產的風險，這裡也提及到一個問題：身為一個有著文化及語言差異的外國人，是否有在他國創業的必要性值得深思。因此這份研究的目的在於探尋移民企業家在台灣創業所面臨的挑戰，堅持下去的動機，以及他們成功解決棘手問題所用的權宜之計。本研究所採用的文獻扣緊了移民企業家的創業動機，困難挑戰，以及解決之道等主題。結果顯示，造成移民企業家創業成為企業老闆的動機為拉力大於推力，更點破了這些企業家們其實並不瞭解台灣政府所提供的協助方案。再者，這份研究給予了對於台灣相關部門的建議，期望能改善這些協助機構之現狀，並提出些許假設以利未來相關之研究。

Immigrant entrepreneurs represent a substantial part of the economic development of many countries. Nevertheless, the business of immigrant entrepreneurs tends to be more vulnerable than the business of domestic entrepreneurs. Based on the statistic from Harvard Business School only 20 percent of startups survive after one year of operation. Opening the business is always related to the risk of becoming bankrupt. This raises the question of whether there is a need for a business at all, in particular for foreigners because they are strangers in host countries due to different language and culture. The purpose of this study is therefore to explore the motivations and challenges encountered by immigrant entrepreneurs in Taiwan as well as expedient actions that lead to resolving these problems successfully. The literature review of this study observed the key concepts of motivations for immigrant entrepreneurs, their challenges, and their solutions. The findings demonstrated that immigrant entrepreneurs are more motivated to become entrepreneurs by pull factors than push factors. The finding showed that immigrant entrepreneurs are not well informed about any support programs provided by the Taiwanese government. Also, this study provides recommendations for relevant Taiwanese institutions in order to improve its present support system for immigrant entrepreneurs, and assume new ideas for future research.

THESIS VALIDATION LETTER.....................................................................i
摘要.........................................................................................................ii
ABSTRACT.............................................................................................................................iii
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.........................................................................9
CHAPTER 2: THE LITERATURE REVIEW...................................................11
2.1 Introduction............................................................................................11
2.2 Entrepreneurship.....................................................................................11
2.2.1 Definition of Entrepreneurship..........................................................11
2.2.2 Selection of Definition: Who is an entrepreneur in this thesis?......................14
2.3 Immigrant Entrepreneurship........................................................................15
2.4 Types of entrepreneurs...............................................................................16
2.4.1 Necessity and Opportunity immigrant entrepreneurs................................17
2.5 Entrepreneurial motivation.........................................................................18
2.5.1 Personal characteristics...................................................................18
2.5.2 Pull and Push Theory.....................................................................20
2.6 Challenges of immigrant entrepreneurs..........................................................23
2.6.1 Lack of startup capital.....................................................................23
2.6.2 Lack of knowledge about local market, laws and regulations .....................24
2.6.3 Language and culture barriers...........................................................25
2.7 Support of immigrant entrepreneurs...............................................................25
2.8 Conclusion and Research Questions..............................................................30
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.................................................34
3.1 Introduction..........................................................................................34
3.2 Research Philosophy...............................................................................35
3.3 Research Method....................................................................................37
3.4 Population and Sampling...........................................................................38
3.5 Data collection......................................................................................39
3.6 Data analysis.........................................................................................40
3.7 Reliability and Validity.............................................................................43
3.7.1 Reliability..................................................................................43
3.7.2 Validity.....................................................................................44
3.8 Ethical issues..........................................................................................44
3.9 Conclusion...........................................................................................45
CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION..................................................46
4.1 Introduction...........................................................................................46
4.2 Research QuestionNo1: Motivation to become entrepreneur........................................46
4.2.1 Independence..............................................................................47
4.2.2 Entrepreneurial Passion and Dream....................................................48
4.2.3 Market opportunities......................................................................49
4.2.4 Needing of changes.......................................................................50
4.2.5 Monetary factor...........................................................................51
4.2.6 Work-related factors.....................................................................52
4.3 Research Question 2: Challenges of immigrant entrepreneurs ................................52
4.3.1 Startup capital............................................................................53
4.3.2 Language and culture....................................................................53
4.3.3 Taiwanese institutions....................................................................55
4.3.4 Lack of information and unclear translation..........................................56
4.3.5 Taiwanese partners............................................................................................56
4.3.6 Taiwanese staff...........................................................................57
4.3.7 Racism.....................................................................................58
4.4 Research Questions 3: Factors that help immigrant entrepreneurs to resolve
challenges.................................................................................................59
4.4.1 Other immigrants........................................................................59
4.4.2 Financial support from family and friends ...........................................60
4.4.3 Educational background and previous working experience ........................61
4.4.4 Taiwanese accountant and partners....................................................62
4.4.5 Cultural adaptation.......................................................................63
4.5 Summary.............................................................................................64
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION.............................................................................70
5.1 Limitation of the research..........................................................................71
5.2 Practical implications...............................................................................72
5.3 Future research.......................................................................................72
REFERENCES.........................................................................................74
APPENDENCES........................................................................................88
APPENDIX 1: THE INTERVIEW QUESTIONS...............................................88
APPENDIX 2: CONSENT FORM..................................................................91
APPENDIX 3: PARTICIPANT INFORMATION FORM ....................................92
APPENDIX 4: TRANSCRIPT OF THE INTERVIEW.........................................94
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

FIGURES
Figure 1 – Structure of Chapter 2: Literature review.................................................11
Figure 2 – Entrepreneurial motivation.....................................................................31
Figure 3 – Challenges of immigrant entrepreneurs...........................................................32
Figure 4 – Factors that help immigrant entrepreneurs to overcome challenges .................33
Figure 5 – Structure of the Chapter 3: Research Methodology.........................................34
Figure 6 - Structure of the Chapter 4: Findings and Discussion...................................46

TABLES
Table 1 – Definitions of the term “entrepreneur”....................................................14
Table 2 – The main motivational factors of opportunity and necessity entrepreneurs..........23
Table 3 – Difference between positivistic and phenomelogical paradigms...........................36
Table 4 – Participants Information........................................................................42
Table 5 – The main motivations of immigrant entrepreneurs.........................................64
Table 6 – The main challenges of immigrant entrepreneurs...........................................66
Table 7 – The factors that help immigrant entrepreneurs to overcome their challenges .......68

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