ZigBee是無線感測網路中相當熱門的通訊標準，其特色為低功率、低成本、低反應時間、可容納大量感測裝置等。這項技術遵循IEEE 802.15.4標準與ZigBee通訊協定。目前主要應用有軍事、自然環境、健康護理、家居生活及商業行為等方面。ZigBee無線網路使用分散式位址分配演算法(Distributed Address Assignment Mechanism, DAAM)來分配具有唯一性的網路位址給每一個想要加入樹狀網路拓樸的裝置。這個演算法容易實作，但路由功能的子節點數量以及樹狀網路拓樸的高度卻會受限於三個網路參數：路由節點擁有的子節點數量(Cm)、路由節點擁有的路由功能子節點數量(Rm)、樹狀拓樸的最大高度(Lm)。網路中的三個參數若設定不良，將會造成裝置與網路拓樸隔離而成為孤兒節點；意即有些佈署(Deployment)完成的裝置節點，即使可以和通訊範圍內已連結成功的裝置節點進行通訊，而且在網路中尚存在未使用的網路位址，但是最終卻無法成功的加入網路拓樸。
本文針對孤兒節點問題提出Ask Shift and Set Zone (ASSZ)演算法以減少孤兒問題。這方法包含了兩個階段：第一階段使用Ask and Shift機制，調整節點連結的方式讓孤兒節點加入樹狀拓樸；第二階段使用Set Zone機制，藉由終端的路由節點創造新的區域(New Zone)。模擬結果顯示，ASSZ在減少ZigBee無線感測網路中孤兒節點數量以及提升節點連結率的效率優於同樣以DAAM演算法為基礎的分散式借用位址演算法(Distributed Borrowing Addressing, DIBA)。

ZigBee is a popular communication standard for wireless sensor networks, characterized with low power, low implementing costs, quick response time, and being able to accommodate a large number of sensor devices, etc. This technology follows IEEE802.15.4 and ZigBee communications protocol and has been widely applied on military, natural environments, health care, home life, and commercial activity. ZigBee wireless networks use DAAM (Distributed Address Assignment Mechanism) algorithm to assign unique address for every device that intends to join the tree topology. This algorithm is easy to implement but the number of children of a router and the depth of the network will be restricted by three network configuration parameters: the maximum number of children of a router (Cm), the maximum number of child routers of a router (Rm), and the depth of the network (Lm). Improper adopting these three parameters may incur many devices isolated from the network and become orphan devices. This means that some deployed devices can not join the network topology even though they can communicate with other joined devices and there still have available addresses.
In this thesis, we introduce a scheme, called Ask Shift and Set Zone (ASSZ), to alleviate the orphan problem. This scheme includes two stages: In the first stage, we use Ask and Shift mechanism to adjust the topology to let the orphan node connect to the network. In the second stage, we use Set Zone mechanism to create a new zone by using the router in the terminal node of tree. Simulation results reveal that ASSZ can effectively reduce the number of orphan nodes and improve the node join ratio compared to Distributed Borrowing Addressing scheme which is also based on DAAM.

論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
圖次 viii
表次 x
字母縮寫對照表 xi
第一章 導論 1
1.1 簡介 1
1.2 ZigBee簡介 2
1.3 ZigBee之特色 3
1.4 ZigBee網路裝置與拓樸結構 4
1.5 研究動機 9
1.6 論文架構 10
第二章 相關研究 11
2.1 ZigBee位址分配介紹 11
2.2 DAAM分散式網路位址分配機制 12
2.3 SAAM配址相關研究探討 15
2.4 DAAM配址相關研究探討 16
第三章 系統架構與運作 18
3.1 第一階段：Ask and Shift 18
3.1.1 問題描述與設計動機 18
3.1.2 功能與名詞釋義 22
3.1.3 Ask and Shift運作方式 24
3.2 第二階段 Set Zone 35
3.2.1 問題描述與設計動機 35
3.2.2 功能與名詞釋義 35
3.2.3 Set Zone運作方式 36
第四章 模擬結果與討論 40
4.1 模擬環境假設 40
4.2 模擬環境參數設定 41
4.3 實驗數據分析與討論 42
4.3.1 鏈結密度對孤兒節點數量的影響 43
4.3.2 全功能與簡化功能裝置比例對孤兒數量的影響 45
4.3.3 節點密度對節點連結率的影響 47
4.3.4 實驗總結 49
第五章 結論 50
參考文獻 51

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