合作式通訊在過去十幾年間引起了廣大的興趣，經由與其他使用者的合作傳輸，使得整體系統性能得到空間分集的增益。目前已經有不同的合作式策略利用合作式網路的拓樸或是通道資訊來增加功率或頻譜效益。但這些策略大多數是建立在中繼端是完全合作的基本假設下發展的，然而如果中繼端本身由於自私或其他惡意行為而失常，則合作系統的效能可能因此嚴重降低。但現在關於中繼端行為檢測的相關研究，都是假設終端能獲得來自中繼端完美的通道狀態資訊進而判斷中繼端的行為是否正常，然而如果中繼端本身的行為已經不正常了，那終端經由通道估測獲得來自中繼端來的通道資訊其實是有很大問題的。因此在不需要完美通道資訊的中繼端失序行為檢測成為一個具有挑戰性和關鍵性的研究領域。在本篇論文中，我們先著手於單一中繼端系統，此中繼端傳送二維相移鍵控上任意的星座點訊號來擾亂接收端的傳輸。因此，靠著測量平均的接收功率以及觀察追蹤符元的相位分布，我們提出在不需要瞬時通道資訊的中繼端非同調失序檢測。再來，我們考慮多個中繼端系統，提出藉由觀察估測通道二階統計特性的中繼端非同調失序檢測。為了確保在真實世界中的應用場景，合作式網路必須有能力在不同的調變下檢測任意的失序行為，於是本篇論文最後提出藉由觀察估測通道的相關性來滿足特定系統的需求。

Cooperative communication has attracted extensive interest over the past decade due to the ability it gives nodes to exploit additional spatial diversity gain though user cooperation. Various cooperative strategies have been proposed for enhancing the power or spectrum efficiency in networks with different topologies or availabilities of channel information. However, most of these strategies assume that the relays are fully cooperative. Thus, if a relay misbehaves due to selfish or adversarial reasons, the efficiency of the cooperative system may be severely degraded. Existing schemes for detecting misbehaving nodes assume perfect channel state information (CSI) at the destination. However, when the relays misbehave, the channel estimates could be doubted. Consequently, noncoherent misbehavior detection is a crucial research area in the cooperative communication field. This dissertation commences by considering the straightforward case of a single relay system in which the misbehaving relay simply garbles the retransmitted symbols randomly as one of the other quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) signal points. Thus, by measuring the average received energy, and observing the distribution of the phase rotations of the tracing symbols, misbehavior of the relay can be determined with no knowledge of the CSI. The dissertation next considers the case of a multi-relay system, and proposes a misbehavior detection scheme based on the secondorder statistics of the channel estimates for the relay-destination links. To ensure their practicality for real-world applications, cooperative networks must have the ability to detect arbitrary misbehavior patterns and different signal constellations. Consequently, the dissertation concludes by deriving a correlation-based detection statistic with which to characterize the detection performance given a specific misbehaving pattern and to customize the detector if needed to meet a specified system requirement.

Graduation Thesis Approval i
Chinese Abstract ii
Abstract iii
Contents iv
List of Figures vi
1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 NONCOHERENT MISBEHAVIOR DETECTION FOR SINGLE-RELAY
IN COOPERATIVE SYSTEMS 5
2.1 System Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2 Detection of Misbehaving Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.2.1 Detection of Silence at the Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2.2 Statistical Properties of Received Tracing Symbols . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2.3 Noncoherence Detection of Misbehaving Relay . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.3 Computer Simulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3 NONCOHERENT MISBEHAVIOR DETECTION FOR TWO-RELAY
IN SPACE-TIME CODED SYSTEMS 18
3.1 System Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.2 Statistics of Channel Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.3 Misbehavior Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.4 Computer Simulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4 A GENERAL NONCOHERENT MISBEHAVIOR DETECTION 30
4.1 System Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.2 Noncoherent Misbehavior Detection and Asymptotic Analysis . . . . . . . 32
4.2.1 Proposed Tracing-Based Noncoherent Detection of Misbehaving
Relays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4.2.2 Asymptotic Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
4.3 Simulation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
5 CONCLUSION 41
Bibliography 42

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