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論文名稱 Title |
高屏沿岸海域浮游動物的群聚結構及其多環芳香烴累積之研究 Assemblage structure and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons accumulation of zooplankton in the Gaoping coastal waters |
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系所名稱 Department |
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畢業學年期 Year, semester |
語文別 Language |
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學位類別 Degree |
頁數 Number of pages |
103 |
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研究生 Author |
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指導教授 Advisor |
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召集委員 Convenor |
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口試委員 Advisory Committee |
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口試日期 Date of Exam |
2015-12-16 |
繳交日期 Date of Submission |
2016-01-19 |
關鍵字 Keywords |
群聚結構、高屏沿近海域、生物累積、浮游動物、持久性有機汙染物 Gaoping coastal water, Assemblage structure, POPs, Zooplankton, Bioaccumation |
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統計 Statistics |
本論文已被瀏覽 5754 次,被下載 787 次 The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5754 times, has been downloaded 787 times. |
中文摘要 |
多環芳香烴(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,PAHs)屬於持久性有機汙染物(Persistent organic pollutants,POPs)的一類,具有致癌性、生物累積、生物放大且會隨著氣候和生物長距離移動的特性。PAHs主要是由木柴、煤炭燃燒不完全或者化石燃料產生,影響層面遍及陸域和海洋生態,對於自然環境造成危害。浮游動物為海洋中的初級消費者,在食物鏈中扮演著相當重要的角色,觀察浮游動物的PAHs累積狀況可以讓我們對於海洋生態環境PAHs汙染狀況有更多的了解。本研究於2014年8月、12月及2015年4月利用海研三號航次,於高屏海域三側線(高雄港、高屏溪、枋山)16個測站採集浮游動物樣本,分析浮游動物的類群組成及PAHs的累積狀況,並探討兩者之間的關連性。結果顯示浮游動物豐度呈現明顯的季節差異,12月(1246 ± 399 ind./m3)及4月(1371 ± 521 ind./m3)的平均豐度高於8月(463 ± 80 ind./m3)。3個月份除了4月的測站1(枝角類74%)外,其他均以橈足類為主要優勢類群(70%)。浮游動物體內之多環芳香烴介於25 – 5440 ng/g dw,高雄港測線濃度高於高屏溪口測線及枋山測線。若以水體生物量所含之多環芳香烴濃度角度來看,濃度介於4 – 203 ng/m3之間,以高屏溪口測線的濃度最高。浮游動物體內之多環芳香烴組成主要為1-Methylnaphthalene、2-Methylnaphthalene、2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene、Phenanthrene、Fluoranthene及Pyrene,來源以石油及石化燃料為主,其中,2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene之濃度與浮游動物豐度呈現顯著負相關。這個結果說明了航運及工業產生的石油化學汙染,確實對高屏沿近海域有著嚴重的影響。 關鍵詞:浮游動物、持久性有機汙染物、高屏沿近海域、群聚結構、生物累積 |
Abstract |
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the persistent organic (POPs), which have the following characteristics: carcinogenic, bioaccumulation, biomagnification and long-distance shift with the atmosphere and biology. PAHs are mainly produced by the incomplete combustion of wood, coal and fossil fuels, influencing the land and marine ecosystems. Zooplankton are the primary consumer and play an important role in the marine food web. The observation of the PAHs accumulation in zooplankton provides us with more knowledge, which is essential information to further understand the spread of PAHs in the marine ecological environment. Zooplankton samples were collected at 16 stations in the Gaoping coastal waters from three Ocean Research III cruises: August, December 2014 and April 2015. Significant seasonal difference in zooplankton abundance was observed in the study, with the higher mean abundances in December (1246 ± 399 ind./m3) and April (1371 ± 521 ind./m3) than in August (463 ± 80 ind./m3). In general, copepods are the most dominant group (with a relative abundance >70%) at all sampling stations, except for April at station 1 (cladocera, 74%). The PAHs concentration of zooplankton ranged between 25 and 5440 ng / g dw. Higher PAHs concentrations were noted in Gaoping River estuary transect than in transects of Kaohsiung harbor and Fangshan. However, in terms of PAHs concentration of zooplankton biomass in seawater, PAHs concentration changed between 4 and 203 ng/m3, and the higher concentrations were found in Gaoping River estuary transect. Six PAHs, 1-Methylnaphthalene, 2-Methylnaphthalene, 2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene, Phenanthrene, Fluoranthene and Pyrene, produced by petroleum and petrochemical fuel, were the most abundant components in zooplankton in the study. They are common low rings PAHs in the marine environment. Among the above-mentioned components, the concentration of 2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene showed significant negative correlation with zooplankton abundance. The results demonstrated that the Gaoping coastal waters have been greatly influenced by petroleum pollutions produced from shipping and industrial activities. Keywords: Zooplankton, POPs, Gaoping coastal water, Assemblage structure, Bioaccumation |
目次 Table of Contents |
論文審定書 i 謝辭 ii 中文摘要 iii 英文摘要 iv 目錄 v 表目錄 vii 圖目錄 viii 附錄目錄 xi 壹、前言 1 1.1 浮游動物 1 1.2 多環芳香烴 2 1.3 研究區域概述 3 1.4 多環芳香烴對於生物及浮游動物的影響 4 1.5 研究目的 6 貳、材料與方法 7 2.1採樣時間、地點及方法 7 2.2 海水之分析處理 7 2.3 多環芳香烴標準品 8 2.4 浮游動物樣品分析方式 9 2.5 儀器分析 10 2.6 定性及定量分析 11 2.7 品保及品管(QA/QC) 11 2.8 統計分析 12 参、結果 14 3.1 水文環境 14 3.2 浮游動物豐度及物種歧異度之時空變化 15 3.3 浮游動物豐度之站群分析 16 3.4 浮游動物之多環芳香烴濃度含量 17 3.5 浮游動物多環芳香烴之站群分析 18 3.6 浮游動物優勢種與環境因子及多環芳香烴之相關性 19 3.7 浮游動物之豐度及多環芳香烴濃度之相關性 20 3.8 浮游動物中多環芳香烴之來源及環數組成 21 肆、討論 22 4.1 水文環境因子之探討 22 4.2 浮游動物豐度分佈 23 4.3 浮游動物之多環芳香烴濃度分佈 23 4.4浮游動物優勢種與環境因子及多環芳香烴之相關性 25 4.5 浮游動物之多環芳香烴濃度來源及站群分析 26 伍、結論 28 陸、參考文獻 29 |
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