石首魚科魚類(Sciaenidae)為台灣海域重要經濟魚種，其外觀相似，鑑別不易，且舊有檢索表已多年未更新。本研究擬以外部型態重新檢視石首魚科之分類，比較成魚與稚魚之外觀差異，重新整理建立台灣地區石首魚科成魚與稚魚的檢索表，並利用其出現月份探討雲林沿海石首魚科季節分布。依據國內典藏標本、雲林沿海底拖樣本以及每月漁市購得共1300餘尾標本的外部形態測量，臺灣石首魚科成魚計有12屬23種，去除原叫姑魚屬兩魚種大鼻孔叫姑魚 (Johnius macrorhynus) 與杜氏叫姑魚 (J. dussumieri)，新增兩新記錄種婆羅州叫姑魚 (J.borneensis) 、屈氏叫姑魚 (J. trewavasae) 及一未描述新種台灣叫姑魚 (Johnius sp., 暫定)；稚魚能辨別的計有5屬9種，其中鈍頭叫姑魚 (J. amblycephalus) 多出現於夏季，斑鰭白姑魚 (Pennahia pawak) 多出現在夏末秋初，推測該季節應為其生殖期，雲林沿海應為其重要產卵場與孵育場，本研究結果有利於更精準鑑別石首魚科魚種，並提供相關研究之參考。

Sciaenids are one of the popular food fishes in Taiwan. Due to their similar appearance, the identification of some genera in the family was inconsistent in previous literatures. A taxonomic revision and identification key were made through comparative morphology of both adult and juvenile fishes. Based on 1300 specimens examined from museum collections and samples from fishery trawls and local markets, a total of 23 species belonging to 12 genera were recorded in Taiwan. Two misidentified species, Johnius macrorhynus and J. dussumieri were excluded and two species, J. borneensis and J. trewavasae, were added to the Taiwan record. One common Johnius species has not been described previously. Juvenile Sciaenid sampled from Yun Lin coast were identified to five genera and nine species. Among them, J. amblycephalus are mostly caught in summer and the Pennahia pawak are more frequently in early autumn. Apparently, Yun Lin coast is a nursery grounds for juvenile Sciaenidae with temporal variations.

謝辭..................................................................................................................................... i
摘要 .................................................................................................................................. ii
Abstract....................................................................................... .....................................iii
目錄 ................................................................................................................................. iv
表目錄 ............................................................................................................................. vi
圖目錄 ............................................................................................................................ vii
一、前言 .......................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 石首魚科 (Sciaenidae) 魚類的簡介........................................................................ 1
1.2 文獻回顧 ...................................................................................................................2
1.3 台灣海域石首魚科分類學的疑慮 .......................................................................... 4
1.4 石首魚科稚魚鑑別 .................................................................................................. 5
1.5 研究目的 .................................................................................................................. 5
二、材料與方法 .............................................................................................................. 6
2.1 採樣 .......................................................................................................................... 6
2.2 前處理....................................................................................................................... 6
2.3 外部型態觀察 .......................................................................................................... 7
三、結果 .......................................................................................................................... 9
3.1 台灣海域石首魚科成魚檢索表 ............................................................................. 9
3.2 台灣海域石首魚科描述 ....................................................................................... 10
3.2.1 黃金鰭䱛Chrysochir aureus (Richardson, 1846)................................................10
3.2.2 紅牙䱛Otolithes ruber (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) ........................................... 12
3.2.3 叫姑魚屬Johnius (Bloch, 1793)......................................................................... 14
3.2.4 黑䱛Atrobucca nibe (Jordan & Thompson, 1911) ............................................. 29
3.2.5 黃魚屬 Larimichthys (Jordan and Starks, 1905) ............................................... 31
3.2.6 棘頭梅童魚 Collichthys lucidus (Richardson, 1844) ........................................36
3.2.7 眼斑擬石首魚 Sciaenops ocellatus (Linnaeus, 1766) .......................................37
3.2.8 黃姑魚屬 Nibea (Jordan and Thompson, 1911)................................................ 39
3.2.9 白姑魚屬 Pennahia (Fowler, 1926) .............................................................. 43
3.2.10 雙棘原始黃姑魚Protonibea diacanthus (Lacepède, 1802)............................... 52
3.2.11 鮸魚 Miichthys miiuy (Basilewsky, 1855)......................................................... 54
3.2.12 日本銀身䱛Argyrosomus japonicas (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) ................55
3.3 台灣雲林外海石首魚科稚魚(3 - 7 cm SL)研究.................................................... 57
3.3.1 台灣雲林外海石首魚科稚魚檢索表 ................................................................ 57
3.3.2 台灣雲林外海石首魚科稚魚採集時間與種類結果 ........................................ 58
四、討論 ...................................................................................................................... 59
4.1 新舊石首魚科屬別檢索表比較 ........................................................................... 59
4.2 叫姑魚屬 ............................................................................................................... 59
4.2.1. 大鼻孔叫姑魚Johnius Macrorhynus (Mohan,1976) 疑慮................................ 60
4.2.2. 中華叫姑魚Johnius sina疑慮............................................................................. 60
4.2.3. 新種叫姑魚疑慮 ............................................................................................... 61
4.2.4. 新舊叫姑魚屬檢索表比較 ............................................................................... 61
4.3 新舊白姑魚屬檢索表比較 ................................................................................... 62
4.4 其他屬別疑慮 ....................................................................................................... 63
4.5 石首魚科稚魚(3 - 7 cm SL)檢索表........................................................................ 64
4.6 探討石首魚科稚魚出現時空與其生態意義 ....................................................... 64
五、結論 ...................................................................................................................... 67
六、參考文獻 .............................................................................................................. 68
七、表............................................................................................................................ 75
八、圖.............................................................................................................................79
九、附表.........................................................................................................................95
十、附圖.........................................................................................................................99
十一、圖版...................................................................................................................102

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