本研究利用實驗方法探討距離微渠道(深度:6μm)距離壁面200 nm之速度及渠道深度為45 μm溫度與熱傳分析。目前並沒有相關理論來解析微觀尺度下的流場。因此，透過實驗量測來建立相關資料，可以幫助我們對於微觀尺度下的了解，且可以與傳統流體力學和相關文獻及模擬做比較。最後，建立出相關關係式。在微渠道的流場分析上，大多透過微質點影像測速儀(μPIV)，由於其背景雜訊高，以及螢光質點大小(1 μm)的限制。使得壁面的觀測出現很大的障礙。因此，我們使用漸逝波的原理和奈米螢光質點(100 nm)，可以量測到離焦平面解析度(Out of plane resolution)為奈米等級(O(100 nm))。並與現有微質點影像測速儀系統(μPIV)產生所謂的奈米質點影像測速儀(nPIV)，使用此系統量測於親水與不同疏水表面之速度軌跡、滑移速度、滑移長度、摩擦因子。另外，我們也在微渠道中通入去離子水(DI-water)與Rhodamine B以及Rhodamine110，並利用奈米質點影像溫度儀(nPIT)與成比例之雷射誘導螢光激發光譜(RLIF)探究微尺寸下的溫度場與熱傳現象。

The study contains the experiment of the velocity and temperature field in convective micro-channel flow near the wall of 200 nm. Since there is no fundamental understanding of the flow in the micro/nano-scale, this study builds up the information about this area via the experiment and compares the result of the research to the traditional fluid mechanics and related research. In addition, the related equation can be established as well. Most analyses of micro-channel flow use the micro particle image velocimetry (μPIV) which is limited by the signal-to-noise ratio and the size of the nano fluorescent particle (100 nm). The study uses the theory of the evanescent wave and the nano scale particle to measure near-wall velocity field with an out-of-plane resolution on the order of O (100nm). The experiment combines the total internal reflection fluorescence microscope (TIRFM) and the existing system of μPIV to generate the nano particle image velocimetry (nPIV). The velocity profiles, near-wall shear rates, local friction factors and slip length at different surfaces (Non-OTS, BTS, OTS, and DTS coated surface) can be measured by nPIV. Besides, the phenomena of kapitza length and the temperature slip can be studied through the injection of the DI-water, Rhodamine B and Rhodamine 110 to the micro-channel, the measurement of the temperature field and the convective heat transfer coefficient, and the usage of the nano particle image thermometry (nPIT) and ratiometric laser induced fluorescence (RLIF).

論文審定書................................................................................................i
誌謝...........................................................................................................ii
摘要..................................................................................................iii
ABSTRAST……………………………………..……………………….iv
LIST OF TABLES..................................................................................viii
LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………….…..xi
NOMENCLATURE................................................................................xiv
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION…….………………..………………….1
1.1 Literature review........................................................................2
1.1.1 nPIV..................................................................................2
1.1.2 nPIT and RLIF..................................................................5
1.1.3 Hydrophobicity and slip length...........................................7
1.1.4 Single phase heat transfer in microchannel........................11
1.2 The objective of this study......................................................16
1.3 Thesis scope.............................................................................18
CHAPTER 2 THE NON-INTRUSIVE OPTICAL VELOCITY AND TEMPERARUEE MEASUREMENTS (nPIV / nPIT)…………………21
2.1 The principles of nPIV and nPIT measurement system............21
2.2 The procedures of nPIV and nPIT measurement system..........27
2.2.1 The step of nPIV and nPIT measurement system..............27
2.2.2 The procedure of nPIV with DynamicStudio....................28
2.2.3 The procedure of RLIF with Matlab/ Image J....................33
CHAPTER 3 EXPERINMENTAL EQUIPMENT AND PREPARATION.......................................................................................47
3.1 Equipment of microchannel fabrication...................................47
3.2 The related experimental equipment.....................................50
3.3 Process of microchannel fabrication.......................................52
3.4 Preparation of the working fluid.............................................56
3.5 Process of manufacturing hydrophobic glass............................57
3.6 Heat transfer system................................................................58
3.7 nPIV and nPIT system..............................................................58
CHAPTER 4 THEORECTICAL ANALYSIS.........................................77
4.1 The theoretical analysis of velocity field....................................77
4.1.1 Brownian motion.................................................................77
4.1.2 Entrance length / Reynolds..................................................78
4.1.3 Velocity ratio.......................................................................78
4.1.4 Slip length............................................................................79
4.1.5 Local friction factor and wall shear rate..............................80
4.2 The theoretical analysis of temperature field.............................81
4.2.1 Heat transfer analysis...........................................................81
4.2.2 The average heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt numbe..85
4.2.3 Temperature jump and Kapitza length................................86
CHAPTER 5 UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS.........................................92
CHAPTER 6 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.....................................99
6.1 Velocity field.............................................................................99
6.2 Influence of hydrophilic and hydrophobic slip length.............103
6.3 Friction factor...........................................................................105
6.4 RLIF/ Temperature field...........................................................107
6.5 Temperature jump....................................................................109
6.6 The analysis of heat transfer in microchannel
with low Reynolds number.............................................................110
CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION..............................................................134
REFERENCES.......................................................................................135
APPENDIX A (UNCERTAINLY ANALYSIS)....................................156
APPENDIX B (Matlab RLIF Code).......................................................168
APPENDIX C Calculating.....................................................................175

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