聚胜肽( polypeptide ) 與蛋白質同為氨基酸所組成，且由於其具有作為生物分子識別、蛋白質藥物載體及釋放等前瞻性應用潛力，因此在近期被廣泛地應用於生醫材料之相關研究。於此，本論文統整了數種不同之製備方式，合成含功能性胜肽衍生之生物高分子，並藉由非共價鍵作用方式使其形成超分子自主裝結構。
首先，利用點擊化學法合成線性聚谷胺酸苄酯 (PBLG)-多面體矽氧烷寡聚物 (POSS) 之嵌段共聚物，於PBLG鏈段末端導入POSS基團後，由於POSS基團的立體阻礙影響，使得PBLG鏈段為了穩定其結構於固態下以分子內氫鍵α-螺旋的構型存在，且由熱重分析也顯示導入POSS後其熱裂解溫度也有顯著的提升。接著，將POSS基團導入於聚谷胺酸酯 (PPLG) 之側鏈，發現即使PPLG處於低聚合度時，只要將PPLG接上POSS基團後，其胜肽鏈段之自組裝二級結構，立即轉換成α-螺旋的構型， 且又伴隨POSS的聚集行為，進而使得PPLG-g-POSS形成圓柱形六角堆積。再來，我們更結合了原子自由基聚合法 (ATRP)、開環聚合法 (ROP) 及點擊化學法成功了合成一新型有機-無機複合材料PS-b-(PPLG-g-POSS)。當PS-b-PPLG嵌段共聚物於側鏈導入POSS奈米粒子後，與未修飾的PS-b-PPLG相比較，PS-b-(PPLG-g-POSS)不僅二級結構之α-螺旋比例增加並且展現了良好的結構穩定性。經由TEM分析證實PS-(b-PPLG-g-POSS) 嵌段共聚物經歷階層性自組裝而形成六角堆積的圓柱型奈米結構。此外，我們也合成側鏈含β-環糊精之聚谷胺酸酯 (PPLG-g-CD) 生物高分子，其不僅具有自主裝結構，更擁有高度穩定的α-螺旋構型以及高度水溶性等優異性質。而且此PPLG-g-CD側鏈所含的圓筒型體內部，能將特定小分子化合物進行錯合作用嵌入洞中，形成包容錯合物，將可提供高分子於生醫領域之應用潛力。最後，我們將側鏈含平面型蒎基螢光分子之功能性聚谷胺酸酯 (PPLG-g-Py) 與多層奈米碳管 (MWCNTs) 於二甲基甲醯胺溶劑下混合，誘導使其形成具高度分散性之生物複合材料，並藉由PL光譜顯示得知PPLG-g-Py 與MWCNTs間具有顯著之π–π堆疊作用。

Polypeptides have been widely studied due to the potential applications in various scientific fields and the close relationship to molecular recognition, proteins and drug delivery applications. In this study, we summarize variety in the preparation of functional peptide-containing biopolymer mixtures and the supramolecular structures they form via noncovalent bonding interactions.
First of all, we used click chemistry to synthesize linear polypeptide-b-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (PBLG-b-POSS) copolymers. The incorporation of the POSS unit at the chain end of the PBLG moiety allowed intramolecular hydrogen bonding to occur between the POSS and PBLG units, thereby enhancing the α-helical conformation in the solid state, Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the thermal degradation temperature increased significantly after incorporation of the POSS moiety. Next, we linked the POSS moiety on the side chain of the oligopeptides, the incorporation of the POSS unit at the side chain of the PPLG moiety enhanced the α-helical conformation in the solid state even those with relatively low DPs. PPLG-g-POSS underwent hierarchical self-assembly, to form a hexagonal cylinder packing nanostructure featuring α-helical conformations and POSS aggregates. Furthermore, we used a combination of atom transfer radical polymerization, ring opening polymerization, and click chemistry to synthesize new hierarchical organic/inorganic nanohybrid materials of PS-b-(PPLG-g-POSS). After attaching POSS nanoparticles to the side chains of PS-b-PPLG copolymers, the fraction of α-helical secondary structures increased and exhibited greater conformation stability and superior thermal properties, including Tg behavior, relative to those of the unmodified PS-b-PPLG copolymers. TEM analyses confirmed that the PS-(b-PPLG-g-POSS) copolymers underwent hierarchical self-assembly to form hexagonally packed cylindrical nanostructures. Moreover, we also prepared cyclodextrin-containing biopolymers (PPLG-g-CD), obtaining a self-assembling structure with a highly stable α-helical conformation and water-solubility. In addition, the presence of the CD cavities allowed the grafted polymers to form inclusion complexes with low-molecular-weight compounds, providing macromolecules with potential biomedical applications. Finally, we mixing the PPLG-g-Py oligomers with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in dimethylformamide led to the formation of highly dispersible PPLG-g-Py/MWCNT biohybrid materials. Fluorescence emission spectra revealed significant π–π stacking interactions between the PPLG-g-Py oligomers and the MWCNTs in these complexes.

Outline of Contents Pages
Abstract (in Chinese) I
Abstract (in English) III
Outline of Contents V
List of Schemes XI
List of Tables XII
List of Figures XIII

Chapter 1 Introduction to Organic-Inorganic Hybird Polymer 1
1-1 Polypeptide Structure 1
1-2 Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS) 4
1-3 Cyclodextrins 7
1-4 Click Chemistry 8
1-5 Reference 10

Chapter 2 Self-Assembly and Secondary Structures of Linear Polypeptides Tethered to Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Nanoparticle via Click Chemistry 16
2-1 Background 16
2-2 Experimental 19
　2-2.1 Materials 19
　2-2.2 Syntheses of Cl-POSS 20
　2-2.3 Synthesis of N3-POSS 20
　2-2.4 Synthesis of propargyl-terminated PBLG 21
　2-2.5 PBLG-b-POSS Diblock Copolymers 21
　2-2.6 Characterization 22
2-3 Results and Discussion 25
　2-3.1 Synthesis of N3-POSS 25
　2-3.2 Synthesis of Alkyne-PBLG 27
　2-3.3 Synthesis of Linear POSS-b-PBLG Copolymers 28
　2-3.4 Thermal Analyses of POSS-b-PBLG Copolymers 32
　2-3.5 Conformation Study of the Peptide Segment 33
2-4 Summary 45
2-5 References 46

Chapter 3 Hierarchical self-assembly and secondary structures of linear polypeptides graft onto POSS in the side chain via click chemistry 50
3-1 Background 50
3-2 Experimental 53
3-2.1 Materials 53
　3-2.2 Synthesis of γ-propargyl-L-glutamates 53
　3-2.3 Synthesis of γ-propargyl-L-glutamates-NCA 54
　3-2.4 Synthesis of PPLG 55
　3-2.5 PPLG-g-POSS polymers 55
　3-2.6 Characterization 56
3-3 Results and Discussion 58
　3-3.1 Synthesis of PPLG 58
　3-3.2 Synthesis of PPLG-g-POSS 63
　3-3.3 Thermal Analyses of PPLG-g-POSS Copolymers67
　3-3.4 Conformation Study of the Peptide Segment 68
3-4 Summary 80
3-5 References 81

Chapter 4 Hierarchical Self-Assembly Structures of POSS-Containing Polypeptide Block Copolymers Synthesized Using a Combination of ATRP, ROP and Click Chemistry 85
4-1 Background 85
4-2 Experimental 89
　4-2.1 Materials 89
　4-2.2 Controlled Radical Polymerization of PS using ATRP (PS-Br) 90
　4-2.3 Preparation of Azide-terminated Polystyrene (PS-N3) 91
　4-2.4 Preparation of Amine-Terminated Polystyrene Macroinitiator (PS-NH2) 91
　4-2.5 Controlled ROP of N-Carboxyanhydride (PS-b-PPLG) 92
　4-2.6 Synthesis of POSS-Containing Polypeptide Block Copolymers PS-b-(PPLG-g-POSS) via Click Chemistry 92
　4-2.7 Characterization 93
4-3 Results and Discussion 95
　4-3.1 ATRP of Polystyrene and ROP of N-Carboxyanhydride (PS-b-PPLG) 95
　4-3.2 Synthesis of PS-b-(PPLG-g-POSS) by Click Reaction of PS-b-PPLG with N3-POSS 98
　4-3.3 Thermal Analyses of PS-b-(PPLG-g-POSS) Copolymers 102
　4-3.4 Conformation Study of the Peptide Segment 103
4-4 Summary 115
4-5 References 116

Chapter 5 Water-Soluble, Stable Helical Polypeptide-Grafted Cyclodextrin Bioconjugates: Synthesis, Secondary and Self-Assembly Structures, and Inclusion Complex with Guest Compounds 122
5-1 Background 122
5-2 Experimental 125
　5-2.1 Materials 125
　5-2.2 Mono-(6-azido-6-desoxy)-β-cyclodextrin (β-CD-N3) 126
　5-2.3 Preparation of functional polypeptides PPLG 126
　5-2.4 Water-soluble PPLG-g-CD copolymers 127
　5-2.5 Characterization 128
5-3 Results and Discussion 130
　5-3.1 Mono-(6-azido-6-desoxy)-β-cyclodextrin (β-CD-N3) 130
　5-3.2 Synthesis of water-soluble PPLG-g-CD copolymers 132
　5-3.3 Conformation of the peptide segment 136
　5-3.4 ICs with guest compounds 148
5-4 Summary 150
5-5 References 151

Chapter 6 Polypeptide/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Complexes Stabilized through Noncovalent Bonding Interactions 155
6-1 Background 155
6-2 Experimental 158
　6-2.1 Materials 158
　6-2.2 Preparation of Bromomethylpyrene (Br-Py) 158
　6-2.3 Preparation of Azidomethylpyrene (N3-Py) 159
　6-2.4 Synthesis of PPLG biopolymers via ROP 159
　6-2.5 Synthesis of Pyrene-containing polypeptides PPLG-g-Py via click chemistry 160
　6-2.6 Preparation of PPLG-g-Py/MWCNT nanohybrid complexes 160
　6-2.7 Characterization 161
6-3 Results and Discussion 162
　6-3.1 Preparation of Bromomethylpyrene (Br-Py) and Azidomethylpyrene (N3-Py) 162
　6-3.2 Synthesis of Pyrene-containing polypeptides PPLG-g-Py via click chemistry 164
　6-3.3 Thermal analyses of pyrene-grafted polypeptides (PPLG-g-Py) 168
　6-3.4 Conformations of the peptide segments 169
　6-3.5 PPLG-g-Py/MWCNT complexes stabilized via π–π interactions 173
6-4 Summary 178
6-5 References 179

Chapter 6 Conclusions 182

Introduction to the author 185

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