海洋與地表淡水環境中，若是營養鹽過度排放到水體，會使水生植物過度生長，缺氧的環境使魚群死亡，降低生物多樣性，導致水質惡化，最終出現優養化的現象，衍生更多環境問題。因此，為了保護周圍環境資源，磷從廢水被排放到生態系統之前應有效地去除。
可從淨水污泥及工業副產品高爐石著手，若能將兩者工業副產物皆有高除磷的特性善加利用，將淨水污泥及工業副產品高爐石兩種廢棄物減量，既能開闢為嶄新之再利用資源途徑，兼具改善當前的環境問題。
本研究利用直潭淨水場之淨水污泥與中鋼產出之高爐石，並添加木炭以及玉米澱粉兩種經由高溫燒結過後能提高孔隙率之材料，製成除磷新試體。燒製試體之最佳條件為：升溫速率10˚C/min，最終溫度1100˚C，持溫60 min，以提高試體的結構更加緻密完整。燒製之試體包括A、B兩種，燒失量皆為49~50 %；A試體吸水率為0.29 %，Ｂ試體吸水率為0.54 %；A試體孔隙率約為36~38 %，B試體孔隙率約為41~43 %。試體置入中山大學污水處理廠所排放之生活污水中進行吸附實驗測試，並添加海水素配置成不同鹽度，進而探討其吸附磷酸鹽能力是否會因鹽度的多寡而影響去除效果。結果顯示，鹽度愈高，吸附量會受到抑制，吸附磷酸鹽的效果愈不盡理想。脫附試驗以多顆不同混比之試體進行自來水滴濾實驗。整體而言，兩種試體脫附率的範圍在3~7%之間，以B試體的脫附率7%為最高脫附量，可能原因B試體之孔隙率較高，其脫附率也相對較高。自來水中的pH值對脫附效果較無相關性。

The excessive discharge of nutrients into water bodies can cause aquatic plants to grow unchecked, leading to aquatic hypoxia characterized by reduced fish population, lower biodiversity, and poorer water quality and numerous other environmental problems. Thus, before phosphorus-containing wastewater is discharged into the ecosystem, the phosphorus must be removed to prevent eutrophication in water bodies.
Phosphorus can be removed from wastewater by using water treatment sludge (WTS) and blast furnace slag (BFS), both of which are industrial by-products highly capable of eliminating phosphorus. This solution may also help to reduce the amounts of both by-products.
In this study, two samples for phosphorus removal (named A and B) were prepared by doping WTS from the Jhihtan Water Purification Plant in Xindian District (a municipal district of New Taipei City, Taiwan) and BFS (produced by China Steel Corporation, a Taiwanese steel marker) with either charcoal or corn starch, then sintering these by-products at high temperatures to increase their porosities. Sample A comprised WTS, BFS, and charcoal, whereas Sample B comprised WTS, BFS, and corn starch. Both samples were optimally produced by baking the materials at a heating rate of 10 ˚C/min until a final temperature of 1100 ˚C and sustaining the temperature for 60 min. Samples thus prepared exhibited improved densities. The loss on ignition results from both samples was 49%–50%. Water absorption was 0.29% for Sample A and 0.54% for Sample B. Porosity was 36%–38% for Sample A and 41%–43% for Sample B.
An absorption test was conducted, where the samples were placed in the domestic wastewater discharged from the wastewater treatment plant at National Sun Yat-sen University in southern Taiwan, and sea water was added to blend the domestic wastewater into with different levels of salinity to investigate the effect of salinity on the phosphate absorption capacity of the samples. The results suggest that the phosphate absorption performance of the samples decreased as the salinity level increased. A desorption test was also conducted, in which samples of different material proportions were used to filter tap water through tricking. The phosphate desorption rate of both samples ranged between 3% and 7%, with the highest phosphate desorption rate observed in Sample B (7%).The result was likely because Sample B had a higher porosity. Moreover, the pH value of the tap water had no significant relationship with the phosphate desorption performance of either sample.

論文審定書i
誌謝ii
摘要iii
Abstractiv
目錄vi
圖次x
表次xiii
第一章緒論1
1.1研究動機 1
1.2研究目的 2
1.3研究架構 3
第二章文獻回顧 4
2.1磷資源4
2.1.1 磷循環4
2.1.2 磷之特性6
2.1.3 磷污染7
2.1.4 除磷技術與原理7
2.1.5 吸附發生之三步驟9
2.1.6 磷吸附機制10
2.1.6.1物理吸附(physical adsorption)10
2.1.6.2化學吸附(chemical adsorption)10
2.1.7 吸附等溫方程式11
2.2 淨水污泥14
2.2.1 淨水污泥來源14
2.2.2 淨水污泥之特性15
2.2.3 淨水污泥現況及再利用17
2.2.4 淨水污泥作為吸附材料之案例分析23
2.2.5 淨水污泥毒性溶出測驗(TCLP)25
2.3高爐石26
2.3.1 高爐石來源26
2.3.2 高爐石之特性28
2.3.3 高爐石現況及再利用29
2.3.4 高爐石作為吸附材料之案例30
2.3.5 高爐石毒性溶出測驗(TCLP) 32
2.4燒結處理34
2.4.1 操作條件對燒結之影響34
2.4.1.1 燒結溫度34
2.4.1.2 升溫速率35
2.4.1.3 燒結時間35
2.4.2 孔隙率36
2.5脫附37
第三章實驗材料、方法及設備38
3.1實驗材料介紹38
3.1.1 淨水污泥38
3.1.2 高爐石39
3.1.3 木炭及玉米澱粉41
3.1.4 污水處理廠放流水41
3.2實驗材料特性43
3.2.1 原材料吸附效率43
3.2.1.1配置約5 ppm之人工含磷溶液43
3.2.1.2放流水添加鹽度10 0/00及30 0/00置入1g原材料43
3.2.2 原材料脫附效率45
3.2.3 原材料燒失量46
3.2.4 原材料孔隙率47
3.3球型試體製程48
3.3.1 捏製過程48
3.3.2 燒結50
3.4 實驗藥品與設備53
3.4.1 實驗藥品53
3.4.2 主要實驗設備55
3.4.3 實驗水質分析方法57
3.4.4實驗採樣及保存59
3.5吸附試驗設計59
3.6脫附試驗設計60
第四章結果與討論61
4.1試體特性分析61
4.1.1 燒失量61
4.1.2 孔隙率64
4.2吸附試驗65
4.2.1 原材料吸附測試 65
4.2.1.1 人工含磷溶液65
4.2.1.2 放流水含磷溶液67
4.2.2 不同混合配比之吸附試驗71
4.2.2.1 單顆試體吸附測試71
4.2.2.2 多顆試體吸附測試74
4.2.3 不同鹽度放流水之試體吸附試驗76
4.2.3.1 單顆試體吸附測試76
4.2.3.2 多顆試體吸附測試81
4.3脫附試驗86
4.3.1 原材料脫附86
4.3.1.1 已吸附人工含磷溶液之原材料86
4.3.1.2 已吸附不同鹽度之放流水原材料88
4.3.2 不同混比試體脫附試驗91
4.3.2.1 已吸附磷酸鹽含量91
4.3.2.2 累積脫附量92
4.3.2.3 脫附率93
4.3.3 試體綜合小結94
4.3.3.1 試體燒結之物理特性94
4.3.3.2 吸附試驗94
4.3.3.3 脫附效率95
第五章結論與建議96
5.1結論96
5.2建議97
參考文獻98
附錄109

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