Responsive image
博碩士論文 etd-0028114-202715 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0028114-202715
論文名稱
Title
工作生活平衡與幸福感之研究:以青年民航空勤組員為例
A Study of Work-Life Balance and Happiness: The Case of Young Airline Crew
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
99
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2014-01-20
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2014-01-28
關鍵字
Keywords
青年民航空勤組員、個人需求、幸福感、工作生活提升、工作生活衝突、工作生活平衡
young airline crew, work-life balance, work-life conflict, work-life enhancement, personal needs, happiness
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5681 次,被下載 3950
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5681 times, has been downloaded 3950 times.
中文摘要
近年來,工作生活平衡與幸福感的研究已在全球成為相當熱門的話題。訂定提升員工工作生活平衡的策略,提升員工的幸福感已成為許多企業的重點,以期其所帶來的利益。我國航空業的蓬勃發展,需求人力大增,加上航空業間長期的競爭壓力,各航空公司體認到人力資本是提升競爭力的重要角色,對於空勤組員的重視是公司經營管理不可或缺的一環,而隨著大規模的招募活動,將有大批青年投身於航空產業。
本研究主要目的在於探討青年民航空勤組員的工作生活平衡與幸福感的關係,並由個人對工作的需求來探討其如何對工作生活平衡與幸福感的關係造成影響。本研究以幸福感做為依變項,工作生活平衡的三個面向為自變項,並由個人需求的三個面向分別對其關係做干擾效果分析。
本研究同時採網路與紙本問卷調查進行資料蒐集,發送於在航空公司任職之三十五歲(含)以下之國籍青年空勤組員,共計收回204份有效問卷。主要使用階層線性迴歸分析進行主要假設的驗證。
結果顯示,青年民航空勤組員的工作生活平衡會對幸福感有正向影響。且青年民航組員的權力需求與成就需求會對工作生活平衡影響幸福的感受有好的干擾效果。最後,依據研究結果,本研究提出對管理者與員工及求職者的建議。
Abstract
In recent years, work-life balance and happiness have become one of the hottest issues worldwide. Enterprises’ are starting to emphasize on the necessity to promote employees’ work-life balance or happiness, in order to obtain the benefits from it. As the aviation industry flourishes in our nation, the demand for manpower increase rapidly. Subjected to the competition within the industry, airline companies started to emphasize on the importance of human capital, especially airline crews. With the large scale recruiting in progress, more and more young people are joining the industry.
This research study is to explore the relation between work-life balance and happiness among young airline crews, and also the moderating effect of personal needs. This research study uses happiness as the dependent variable, work-life balance as the independent variable, and personal needs as the moderating variable for analysis.
This research study employed both online and paper questionnaire survey to collect data. The target samples are airline crews under age of 35, and collected 204 valid questionnaires in total. This research study uses hierarchical linear regression analysis as the main method to test the research hypotheses.
The result showed that young airline crews’ work-life balance has a positive effect to their happiness. Also, young airline crews’ need for power and need for achievement will have moderating effect to the relationship between their work-life balance and happiness. Finally, according to the results, the research study gives advises to the management, employees and also people who want to join the industry.
目次 Table of Contents
論文審定書 .............................................................................................................. i
致謝…… ................................................................................................................. ii
中文摘要 ................................................................................................................ iii
英文摘要 ................................................................................................................ iv
第一章 緒論 ............................................................................................................ 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 ............................................................................................ 1
第二節 研究目的 ...................................................................................................... 4
第三節 研究流程 ...................................................................................................... 6
第二章 文獻探討 ...................................................................................................... 7
第一節 航空業與空勤組員的特性 ............................................................................... 7
第二節 工作生活平衡 .............................................................................................. 16
第三節 幸福感 ....................................................................................................... 23
第四節 個人需求 .................................................................................................... 32
第三章 研究方法與設計 .......................................................................................... 41
第一節 研究架構與假設 ...........................................................................................41
第二節 研究對象與研究變項之操作 ...........................................................................42
第三節 資料蒐集方法 ...............................................................................................49
第四節 樣本回收與資料分析 .....................................................................................50
第四章 研究結果與討論 ...........................................................................................53
第一節 敘述性統計與相關分析 ..................................................................................53
第二節 工作生活平衡與幸福感的關係 ........................................................................58
第三節 個人需求的干擾效果 .....................................................................................60
第五章 研究結論與建議 ...........................................................................................67
第一節 研究結論 .....................................................................................................67
第二節 研究建議 .....................................................................................................70
第三節 研究限制與後續研究建議 ..............................................................................73
參考資料.................................................................................................................75
附錄一 研究調查問卷 ...............................................................................................86
附錄二 Work-life Balance Measurement ....................................................................89
附錄三 The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire .............................................................90
參考文獻 References
一、中文資料
王大明、胡敦親(2013),民航機師休閒活動參與、休閒效益、知覺壓力與生活滿意度關係之研究─以長榮航空公司為例,觀光暨餐旅,10(2),93–112。
王俊明、黃堅厚、張景媛(1993),大專學生個人需求量表編製報告,教育心理學報,26,125–144。
李中一(2004),測量工具的效度與信度,台灣衛誌,23(4),272–281。
李文進、簡伯丞(2002),飛行員之人格特質與生活適應,中華民國航空醫學暨科學期刊,16(1),19–26。
吳瑛月(2008),國籍航空公司培訓機師甄選要素之研究,淡江大學運輸管理學系碩士論文。
房家儀(2008),空服員工作壓力與休閒餐與及生活滿意度關係之研究─以中華航空公司為例,國立台灣師範大學運動與休閒管理研究所碩士論文。
林子雯(1996),成人學生多重角色與幸福感之相關研究,國立高雄師範大學成人教育研究所碩士論文。
林沛穎(2009),助理座艙長培訓制度對空服員生涯規劃之影響─以C航空公司為例,輔仁大學管理學院經營管理學程碩士論文。
張祖俊(2003),航空運輸業之空服人員甄選成績與工作績效之探討,國立中央大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
陳光華(2006),從兩岸通航展望兩岸關係,國政研究報告,財團法人國家政策研究基金會。永續(研)095-002號。
陸洛(1998),中國人幸福感之內涵、測量及相關因素探討,國家科學委員會研究彙刊,8,115–137。
黃培文(2000),員工對配置成效之知覺及其影響因素之研究-以台灣觀光旅館業為例,第二屆永續發展管理研討會論文集,屏東:屏東科技大學。
黃堅厚(1967),中國大學生在艾德華斯個人興趣量表上的反應,心理與教育,1,52–68。
黃堅厚(1976),大學生心理需求的轉變。測驗年刊,23,46–53。
黃堅厚(1989),我國大學生心理需求轉變的賡續研究,教育心理學報,22,1–22。
辜樹仁(2011)。不丹快樂發展的王道。天下雜誌,484,124–130。
楊國樞(1980)。生活素質的心理學觀,中華心理學刊,22(2),11–24。

二、英文資料
Andrews, F. M., & Withey, S. B. (1976). Social indicators of well-being. New York, NY: Plenum.
Argyle, M. (1987). The psychology of happiness. London: Routledge.
Argyle, M., Martin, M., & Crossland, J. (1989). Happiness as a function of personality and social encounters. In J. P. Forgas, & J.M.Innes (Eds.), Recent advances in social psychology: An international perspective (pp.189–203). North-Holland: Elsevier.
Arthur, M., & Rousseau, D. (1996). The boundaryless career: A new employment principle for a new organizational era. New York: Oxford University Press.
Aryee,S., Srinivas, E., & Tan, H. (2005). Rhythms of life: Antecedents and outcomes of work-family balance in employed parents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(1), 132–146.
Bani-Salameh, Z. A., Bani-Salalmeh, L., & Kabilan, M. K. (2011). Utilising multimedia ESP programme in enhancing flight attendants' safety knowledge and problem solving skills. British Journal of Educational Technology, 42(6), 1003–1015.
Banks, J. O., Avers, K. E., Nesthus, T. E., & Hauck, E. L. (2012). A comparative study of international flight attendant fatigue regulations and collective bargaining agreements. Journal of Air Transport Management, 19, 21–24.
Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497–529.
Brett J. M. (1997). Family, sex and career advancement. In S. Parasuraman, J.H., Greenhaus (Eds.), Integrating work and family: Challenges and choices for a changing world (pp. 26–37). Quorum: Westport.
Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., & Williams, L. J. (2000). Construction and initial validation of a multidimensional measure of work-family conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56, 249–276.
Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., Wayne, J. H., & Grzywacz, J. G. (2006). Measuring the positive side of the work-family interface: Development and validation of a work-family enrichment scale. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68, 131–164.
Chen, C. F. (2006). Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and flight attendants' turnover intentions: A note. Journal of Air Transport Management, 12(5), 274–276.
Chen, C. F., & Kau, Y. L. (2012). Investigating the antecedents and consequences of burnout and isolation among flight attendants. Tourism Management, 33(4), 868–874.
Clark, S. C. (2000). Work/family border theory: A new theory of work/life balance. Human Relations, 53(6), 747–770.
Coon, D. (2000). Introduction to psychology: Gateways to mind and behavior (9th ed.). Australia: Wadsworth.
Cronbach, L.J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and internal structure tests. Psychometrika, 16(2), 297–334.
Daft, R. L. (2008). The leadership experience. Mason, OH: South-Western, Cengage Learning.
Darbra, R. M., Crawford, J. F. E., Haley, C. W. & Morrison, R. J. (2007). Safety culture and hazard risk perception of Australian and New Zealand maritime pilots. Marine Policy, 31(6), 736–745.
Darley, J. M., Glucksberg, S., & Kinchla, R. A. (1991). Psychology (5th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum Press Publishing Co.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2002). Handbook of self-determination research. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
Devellis, R. F. (1991). Scale development: Theory and applications, Hurng-Chin Book Co. Ltd.
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 542–575.
Diener, E., Scollon, C., Oishi, S., Dzokoto, V., & Suh, M. (2000). Positivity and the construction of life satisfaction judgments: Global happiness is not the sum of its parts. The Journal of Happiness Studies, 1, 159–76.
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 276–302.
Dupuy, H. J. (1970). Developmental rationale. Substantive, derivative and conceptual relevance of the general well-being schedule. Fairfax, VA: National Center for Health Statistics.
Eikhof, D. R., Warhurst, C., & Haunschild, A. (2007). Introduction: What work? What life? What balance?: Critical reflections on the work-life balance debate, Employee Relations, 29(4), 325–333.
Feierabend, A., Mahler, P., & Staffelbach, B. (2011). Are there spillover effects of a family supportive work environment on employees without childcare responsibilities? Management Revue, 22, 188–209.
Feldstead, A., Jewson, N., Phizacklea, A., & Walter, S. (2002). Opportunities to work at home in the context of work-life balance. Human Resource Management Journal, 12, 54–76.
Fisher, G. G., Bulger, C. A., & Smith, C. S. (2009). Beyond work and family: A measure of work/nonwork interference and enhancement. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 14, 441–456.
Fisher-McAuley, G., Stanton, J. M., Jolton, J. A., & Gavin, J. (2003). Modeling the relationship between work life balance and organizational outcomes. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial-Organizational Psychology. Orlando, FL.
Frederick, C. M., & Ryan, R. M. (1993). Differences in motivation for sport and exercise and their relations with participation and mental health. Journal of Sport Behavior, 16, 124–146.
Friedman, D. (1998). Survey of Work/Life Initiatives. New York: Bright Horizons.
Frone M. R. (2003). Work-Family balance. In J.C. Quick, & L.E. Tetrick (Eds.), Handbook of occupational health psychology, (pp. 143–162). Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
Golden, L., & Wiens-Tuers, B. (2006). To your happiness? Extra hours of labor supply and worker well-being. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 35(2), 382–397.
Greenhaus, J., & Allen, T. (2011). Work-family balance: A review and extension of the literature. In J. C. Quick, & L. E. Tetrick (Eds.), Handbook of occupational health psychology (2nd ed.). (pp. 165-183). Washington, DC US: American Psychological Association.
Greenhaus, J., & Beutell, N. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10, 76–88.
Greenhaus, J., Collins, K., & Shaw, J. (2003). The relation between work-family balance and quality of life. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63(3),510–531.
Guest, D. (2002). Perspectives on the study of work-life balance. Social Science Information, 41(2), 255-279.
Haworth, J. (1997). Work, leisure and well-being. London: Routlege.
Hayman, J. (2005). Psychometric assessment of an instrument designed to measure work life balance. Research and Practice in Human Resource Management, 13(1), 85–91.
Headey, B., & Wearing, A. (1991). Subjective well-being and coping with adversity. Social Indicators Research, 22, 327–349.
Hills, P., & Argyle, M. (2002). The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire: A compact scale for the measurement of psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 1071–1082.
Hochschild, A., & Machung, A. (1989). The second shift: Working parents and the revolution at home. New York: Viking.
Hochschild, J. (1997). The time bind: When work becomes home and home becomes work. New York: Henry Holt and Co.
Holmes, A., Al-Bayat, S., Hilditch, C., & Bourgeois-Bougrine, S. (2012). Sleep and sleepiness during an ultra long-range flight operation between the Middle East and United States. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 45, 27–31.
Hotard, S.R., McFatter, R. M., Mcwhirter, R. M., & Stegall, M. E. (1089). Interactive effects of extraversion, neuroticism, and social relationships on subjective well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(2), 321–331.
Houle, C. O. (1996). The design of education (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Hughes, E. L., & Parkes, K. R. (2007). Work hours and well-being: The roles of work-time control and work-family interference. Work & Stress, 21, 264–278.
Ip, P. K. (2010). Business ethics and the well-being of nations-Is there a connection? Journal of Business Ethics, 95, 97–110.
Ip, P. K. (2009). Developing a concept of workplace well-being for greater China. Social Indicator Research, 91, 59–77.
Kalliath, T., Brough, P. (2008). Work-life balance: A review of the meaning of the balance construct. Journal of Management & Organization, 14(3), 323–327.
Kirchmeyer, C. (2000). Work-life initiatives: Greed or benevolence regarding workers' time. In C.L. Cooper, & D.M. Rousseau (Eds.), Trends in Organisational Behavior, 7, 79–93.Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Krassner, P., Adler, H., Claus, R., Godofsky, L., Rosen, I., Quinn, C., & Ruder, A. (1963). An impolite interview with Paul Krassner. The Realist, 41, 24.
Lowry, D., & Moskos, M. (2006). Ring, ring… Why don’t you leave me alone?: The impact of the work mobile phone on the work-life balance. Working paper No.157. Tuscany, Italy: ACREW Conference 2006.
Lu, L., & Argyle, M. (1992). Receiving and giving support: Effects on relationships and well-being. Counseling Psychology Quarterly, 5(2), 123–133.
Lu, L., & Shih, J. B. (1997). Personality and happiness: Is mental health a mediator? Personality and Individual Differences, 22(2), 249–256.
Lussier, R. N., & Achua, C. F. (2007). Leadership: Theory application, skill development. Mason, OH: Thompson South-Western.
Lyubomirsky, S. (2001). Why are some people happier than others?: The role of cognitive and motivational processes in well-being. American Psychologist, 56, 239–249.
Maltby, J., & Day, L. (2001). The relationship between exercise motives and psychological well-being. The Journal of Psychology. 135(6), 651–660.
Mankiw, N. G. (2012). Principles of economics, Orlando: Harcourt College Publishers.
Maria José , P. C. & Jordi, F. C. (2011). The influence of emotional intelligence in stress, emotional dissonance and performance of flight attendants. Anales De Psicologia, 27(1), 65–70.
Maslow, A. H. (1954), Motivation and Personality, New York: Harper & Row Publishers.
McClelland, D. C., Atkinson, J. W., Clark, R. A., & Lowell, E. L. (1958). A scoring manual for the achievement motive. In J. W. Atkinson (Ed.), Motives in fantasy, action, and society (pp. 179–204). Princeton, NJ: D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc.
McClelland, D. C. (1958). Methods of measuring human motivation. In J. W. Atkinson (Ed.), Motives in fantasy, action, and society, (pp. 7–42). Princeton, NJ: D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc.
McClelland, D. C. (1961). The Achieving Society, Princeton N.J.: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co..
Mogilner, C. (2010). The Pursuit of Happiness: Time, money, and social connection. Psychological Science, 21(9), 1348–1354.
Morgan, C. D., & Murray, H. A. (1935). A method of investigating fantasies: The thematic apperception test. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 34, 289–306.
Murray, H. A. (1938). Explorations in personality. New York: Oxford University Press.
Neault R. (2005). That Elusive Work-Life Balance!, Canada, NATCON Papers.
Ng, S. I., Sambasivan, M. & S. Zubaidah. (2011). Antecedents and outcomes of flight attendants' job satisfaction. Journal of Air Transport Management, 17(5), 309–313.
Ntoumanis, N. (2001). A self-determination approach to the understanding of motivation in physical education. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 71, 225–242.
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric Theory, New York: McGraw-Hill.
O’Driscoll, M. (1996). “The interface between job and off-job roles: enhancement and conflict”. In C. Cooper, & I. Robertson (eds.), International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 11. Chichester: John Wiley.
Oishi, S., & Diener, E. (2001). Re-examining the general positivity model of subjective well-being: The discrepancy between specific and global domain satisfaction. Journal of Personality, 69, 641–666.
Pahl, R. (1995). After Success: Fin-de Siecle, Anxiety and Identity. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Pocock, B. (2005). Work-life ‘balance’ in Australia: Limited progress, dim prospects. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 43(2), 198–209.
Rim, Y. (1933). Values, happiness and family structure variables. Personality and Individual Difference, 15(5), 595–598.
Roach, G. D., Petrilli, M. A., Dawson, D. & Lamond, N. (2012). Impact of layover length on sleep, subjective fatigue levels, and sustained attention of long-haul airline pilots. Chronobiology International, 29(5), 580–586.
Ruysseveldt, J. Van, Proost, K., & Verboon, P. (2011). The role of work-home interference and work-place learning in the energy-depletion process. Management Venue, 22, 151–168.
Sayah, S., & Süß, S. (2013). Conflict between work and life: The case of contract workers in the German IT and media sectors. Management Revue 24(3), 222–244.
Scholarios, D., & Marks, A.(2004). Work-life balance and the software worker. Human Resource Management Journal, 14(2), 54–74.
Scissons, E. H. (1982). Typology of needs assessment definitions in adult education. Adult Education, 33(1), 20–28.
Stone, M. J., & Kozma, A. (1985). Structural relationships among happiness scales: A second order factorial study. Social Indicators Research, 17, 19–28.
Suarez, T. M. (1994). Needs assessment. In The International Encyclopedia of Education, 7, (pp. 4056–4060), Oxford, England: Pergamon.
Taris, T. W., & Schreurs, P. J. G. (2009). Well-being and organizational performance: An organizational-level test of the happy-productive worker hypothesis. Work and Stress, 23(2), 120–136.
Tay, L., & Diener, E. (2011). Needs and subjective well-being around the world. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(2), 354–365.
Thompson C.A., Andreassi J., & Prottas D. (2003). Work-family culture and climate.
Visser, F., & Williams, L. (2006). Work-life balance: rhetoric versus reality? London: The Work Foundation.
Westman, M., Brough, P., & Kalliath, T. (2009). Expert commentary on work–life balance and crossover of emotions and experiences: Theoretical and practice advancements. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30(5), 587–595.
Wuthnow, R. (1996). Poor Richard’s principle: Recovering the American dream through the moral dimension of work, business and money. Princeton, NJ.: Princeton University Press.
Zedeck, S., & Mosier, K. (1990). Work in the family and employing organization. American Psychologist, 45, 240–251.

三、網路資料
行政院主計處(2013),2012年社會指標統計年報─國民幸福指數專刊,擷取日期2013年10月1日,http://ebook.dgbas.gov.tw/public/Data/310151010323HCL2DJO.pdf。
行政院勞工委員會(2012),101年職類別薪資調查,擷取日期2013年10月15日,http://statdb.cla.gov.tw/html/svy01/0139010.xls
行政院大陸委員會(2013),102年10月行政院大陸委員會施政績效,擷取日期2013年10月24日。
林正峰(2007),「國家快樂力」,商業週刊,1000,2007年01月22日。
飛航安全調查委員會(2013),台灣飛安統計(2003-2012),頁 5,擷取日期2013年10月15日,http://www.asc.gov.tw/author_files/statistics03-12.pdf。
經濟部航空產業發展推動小組,歷年航空工業產值,擷取日期,2013年10月21日,http://www.casid.org.tw/casid/editor_model/u_editor_v1.asp?id=66。
劉念琪(2013),員工幸福感:由抽象到具體,經濟部人才快訊,擷取日期2013年10月20日,http://itriexpress.blogspot.tw/2013/10/blog-post_769.html。
Welford R (2008). Work-life balance in Hong Kong: Survey Result. Hong Kong: The University of Hong Kong. Retrieved 1 October, 2013 from http://www.ethicsworld.org/ethicsandemployees/PDF links/Hong Kong WLB.pdf
電子全文 Fulltext
本電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的,進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定,切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送,以免觸法。
論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:校內校外完全公開 unrestricted
開放時間 Available:
校內 Campus: 已公開 available
校外 Off-campus: 已公開 available


紙本論文 Printed copies
紙本論文的公開資訊在102學年度以後相對較為完整。如果需要查詢101學年度以前的紙本論文公開資訊,請聯繫圖資處紙本論文服務櫃台。如有不便之處敬請見諒。
開放時間 available 已公開 available

QR Code