本研究為探討厭氧氨氧化作用(anaerobic ammonium oxidation, ANAMMOX)，發生於人工濕地之可行性，其原理來自營性脫氮程序(CANON)，並在研究中設計實驗模槽及操作條件。因CANON程序為單槽系統中完成部分硝化及Anammox兩種作用，因此選用好氧與厭氧環境同時併存的垂直流人工濕地(VFCW)型式，作為本研究中的實驗模槽，主要是利用其深度較深，以及水力停留時間(HRT)較長等之特性，以藉此達到微好氧及厭氧分層共存之環境。此外，因CANON過程中，兩種參與作用的微生物皆為自營菌所促使，因此進流水中將不添加有機碳源，以抑制異營菌之代謝作用及生長，且可避免彼此競爭。
研究中VFCW將填充礫石作為微生物附著之介質，並添加厭氧污泥於模槽中馴養，使其成厭氧環境以利Anammox反應作用。採用含氨氮之進流水進行HRT控制為1天條件下之連續滿管流實驗，並以種植蘆葦之挺水植物與未種植植物比較其水質處理情況。研究實驗試程第一階段，將以氨氮濃度廢水(50 mg/L)進行實驗，在深度20cm處，發現有進行硝化作用之現象，且亞硝酸鹽氮產生量大於硝酸鹽氮；而在深度40cm處，溶氧降至0.5mg/L，而亞硝酸鹽氮濃度也大量減少，顯示已有Anammox之反應作用發生於此。在試程之第二階段實驗，增加一組未添加污泥之控制組模槽，比較其模槽中之反應作用，並以含氨氮廢水(30mg/L)進行實驗。實驗結果顯示，氨氮去除推測應是由Anammox反應作用所致，其去除率亦有增加。在實驗過程中均以qPCR菌量鑑定之實驗，測定其菌種動態之變化。結果顯示，研究中所採用之VFCW模槽中，確實有Anammox菌種存在，並有增長。

Anoxic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) is biochemical process based on the theory of autotrophic nitrogen removal through nitrite to nitrogen gas. Unlike heterotrophic denitrification requiring adding extra organic carbon sources, the process of ANAMMOX can remove ammonia to nitrogen gas from wastewaters characterized by a low content of organic materials.To reach the purpose, in this study a vertical-flow constructed wetland(VFCW) system with deep depth and high HRT was used. The VFCW system was installed with gravels and filled with some anaerobic sludge for ANAMMOX bacteria growth in the system.
The three VFCW systems were all filled with gravels(20-40 mm in diam) as media, and controlled by three different conditions: anaerobic sludge seeding and with vegetation(Phragmites), anaerobic sludge seeding without vegetation, and without both seeding and vegetation, respetively. Artificial wastewater, with NH3 levels(50 mg N/L) and hydralic retention time (HRT) was controlled as 1 day for all three systems. The experimental results showed that nitrite was found in higher amounts than nitrate in depth of 20cm of the system, while nitrite was decreased down in large amounts with low dissolved oxygen (DO) of 0.5mg/L found in 40cm depth of same system, which was meant that ANAMMOX might occur in this area learned by nitrite removal through Anammox bacteria probably. It was inferred that for the VFCW systems used in this study, ANAMMOX occurred obviously in the areas of 40cm depth. For further study throuth the bio-technique of qPCR, the results exhibited that Anammox bacteria indeed existed in the VFCW systems of this study.

論文審定書..............................................................................................................i
誌謝.......................................................................................................................ii
中文摘要................................................................................................................iii
ABSTRACT...........................................................................................................iv
目錄.......................................................................................................................v
圖目錄...................................................................................................................viii
表目錄.....................................................................................................................x
第一章前言..............................................................................................................1
1.1研究動機..........................................................................................................1
1.2研究目的..........................................................................................................2
第二章文獻回顧........................................................................................................4
2.1濕地.................................................................................................................4
2.1.1濕地定義....................................................................................................4
2.1.2濕地的結構及組成......................................................................................5
2.1.3濕地水生植物系統......................................................................................6
2.1.4濕地的功能與價值......................................................................................7
2.2人工濕地介紹..................................................................................................9
2.2.1人工濕地種類............................................................................................9
2.2.2人工濕地處理污染物之機制.......................................................................13
2.3生物脫氮機制..................................................................................................16
2.3.1傳統生物脫氮原理.....................................................................................17
2.3.2新式生物脫氮技術.....................................................................................19
2.4案例介紹.........................................................................................................30
2.4.1Anammox之應用-處理光電廢水..................................................................30
2.4.2Anammox於人工濕地之應用......................................................................32
第三章研究方法與材料............................................................................................34
3.1系統設計........................................................................................................34
3.1.1模槽設計與濾料特性.................................................................................34
3.1.2水生植物篩選...........................................................................................34
3.1.3模槽植種及馴養......................................................................................35
3.1.4樣品採集及分析方法...............................................................................35
3.1.5實驗設計及流程......................................................................................42
第四章結果與討論................................................................................................47
4.1預實驗........................................................................................................47
4.2第一階段實驗..............................................................................................52
4.3第二階段實驗.................................................................................................61
4.4微生物實驗-Anammox菌種確認.......................................................................71
4.5綜合討論.......................................................................................................74
第五章結論與建議..................................................................................................77
5.1結論...........................................................................................................77
5.2建議...........................................................................................................78
參考文獻...............................................................................................................79
附錄.....................................................................................................................88

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