當內波經過東沙環礁時會讓附近海水下層的營養鹽湧升到上層。本研究主要利用營養鹽(Nutrient,N)-浮游植物(Phytoplankton,P)-浮游動物(Zooplankton,Z)的生地化模式來模擬因內波湧升的營養鹽加入模式系統後會造成何種影響。並將模擬結果與MODIS(Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)衛星影像分析而得到葉綠素甲(Chlorophyll-a,Chl-a)濃度資料，以及實測資料作比較。藉以獲得一個較合理的NPZ模式來解釋東沙環礁附近因內波湧升的營養鹽，被海水上層的浮游植物所利用，進而發生藻華的現象。
NPZ模式模擬200天後，NPZ三者中只有其中兩者的濃度曲線有明顯交叉循環，而和第三者的濃度線完全沒有交會。而出現交叉循環曲線的條件為需超過NPZ模式初始總濃度(N+P+Z濃度加總)的門檻範圍。當浮游植物的最大生長率(V_m)為1、2、3時，其門檻範圍值各為1.6~2.0、2.1~2.2和2.2~2.5 m mol N m-3。
從MODIS葉綠素甲濃度的分析結果，時間變化在定性上可以建置出與之類似的NPZ模式。即東沙當地大潮發生經過4天造成冷水入侵，再過2天造成葉綠素甲濃度提升，接著3天後的浮游動物生物量也增加的情形。

Internal waves occur frequently near Dongsha Atoll in the South China Sea. Vertical mixing induced by these waves may entrain cold nutrient-rich water from subsurface layer to surface layer, and resulting in high concentration of chlorophyll due to enhanced photosynthesis. A numerical study on the impact of internal waves on biogeochemistry in Dongsha area is executed. MODIS chlorophyll data is used to validate the relationship among nutrient, phytoplankton and zooplankton.
When NPZ model runs 200 days, there is a significant interaction between any two of nutrient, phytoplankton and zooplankton (nutrient vs. phytoplankton, nutrient vs. zooplankton, or phytoplankton vs. zooplankton) and there is no interaction with the left one.The sum of the concentration of nutrient, phytoplankton and zooplankton are called NPZ mode threshold value. When the sum of three concentrations reaches NPZ mode threshold value, there will be a significant interaction among nutrient, phytoplankton and zooplankton. If the maximum growth rates of phytoplankton (Vm) are set to be 1, 2, and 3, the NPZ mode threshold values are about 1.6~2.0, 2.1~2.2, and 2.2~2.5 m mol N m-3, respectively.
In this study, the variation of the biomasses corresponding to nutrient, phytoplankton and zooplankton is simulated by an interacting Nutrient-Phytoplankton-Zooplankton (NPZ) model. The results show that the chlorophyll blooms in two days after cold water intrusion. Three days after the bloom, the concentration of zooplankton reaches its peak value.

論文審定書 i
論文公開授權書 ii
謝誌 iii
中文摘要 iv
Abstract v
目錄 vi
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 xiii
第一章、緒論 1
1-1.東沙環礁介紹 1
1-2.前言 3
1-3.研究動機與目的 7
第二章、文獻回顧 10
2-1.南海內波 10
2-2.海洋生態系統動力學模式簡述 13
第三章、研究方法 15
3-1.NPZ（Nutrient-Phytoplankton-Zooplankton）模式 15
3-2.MODIS衛星葉綠素甲濃度資料 19
3-2.1.葉綠素甲濃度資料品管 24
3-3.NPZ模式跟MODIS衛星葉綠素甲濃度換算 28
3-4.POM水動力模式之模擬結果 29
3-5.實測資料 31
第四章、NPZ模式設定與MODIS衛星葉綠素甲濃度資料 35
4-1.NPZ模式係數設定 35
4-2.NPZ模式驗證及初始值範圍設定 36
4-3.NPZ模式內波帶來營養鹽增加量的設定 8
4-4.NPZ模式中內波如何帶來營養鹽增加量及時間的設定 40
4-5.MODIS衛星影像葉綠素甲濃度分布圖與表格 42
4-5.1.MODIS衛星影像葉綠素甲濃度分布圖(1) 42
4-5.2.MODIS衛星影像葉綠素甲濃度分布圖(2) 43
4-5.3.MODIS衛星影像葉綠素甲濃度總量分布圖 45
4-5.4.MODIS衛星葉綠素甲濃度整理之表格 47
第五章、生態系統模擬之結果 56
5-1.生態系統能否有循環之判斷 56
5-2.改變浮游植物最大成長率和改變浮游動物最大攝食率之影響 76
5-2.1.改變浮游植物最大成長率(Vm)對生態系統之影響 76
5-2.2.改變浮游動物最大攝食率(Rm)對生態系統之影響 78
5-3.內波與營養鹽的成長消減對生態系統之影響 82
5-4.有無內波與營養鹽的成長消減對模稜兩可循環的生態系統之影響 88
5-5.生態系統具15天循環週期時之參數範圍 96
第六章、生態系統與衛星影像資料比較與未來展望 98
6-1.生態系統模擬結果與衛星影像葉綠素甲濃度之比較 98
6-2.生態系統細部之觀察 100
6-3.未來展望 103
第七章、結論 104
參考文獻 106
附錄一 109

中文部分：
陳長勝，2003，海洋生態系統動力學與模式，中國大陸，高等教育出版。
吳瑞中，2007，潮汐引至呂宋海峽內波之數值研究。國立中山大學海洋物理研究所碩士論文，共61頁。
謝育展，2009，由衛星影像及水文資料分析內波對東沙海域葉綠素甲濃度分布之影響。國立中山大學海下科技暨應用海洋物理研究所碩士論文，共66頁。
陳郁凱．吳繼倫．劉燈城．蘇偉成，2010年8月，滄海良田—海洋營養鹽與 基礎生產力，科學發展，452期。
張智凱，2013，實驗與數值模式模擬孤立內波與東沙環礁外地形之交互作用。國立中山大學海下科技暨應用海洋物理研究所碩士論文，共115頁。
何君柔，2014，內波影響東沙環礁附近海域的葉綠素甲濃度與浮游動物生量。國立中山大學海下科技暨應用海洋物理研究所碩士論文，共72頁。
網站：
東沙環礁公園網站
http://dongsha.cpami.gov.tw/tw/
海洋國家公園管理處網站
http://marine.cpami.gov.tw/
東沙國際研究站網站
http://dongsha.mr.nsysu.edu.tw/bin/home.php
吳俊宗，1998，海洋初級生產力，國際海洋年系列報導。
https://www.sinica.edu.tw/as/weekly/87/693/09.txt
英文部分：
Alford, M. H., Peacock, T., MacKinnon, J. A., Nash, J. D., Buijsman, M. C., Centuroni, L. R.,Chao, S. Y., Chang, M. H., Farmer, D. M., Fringer, O. B., Fu, K. H., Gallacher, P. C., Graber, H. C., Helfrich, K. R., Jachec, S. M., Jackson, C. R., Klymak, J. M., Ko, D. S., Jan, S., Johnston, T. M.. S., Legg, S., Lee, I. H., Lien, R. C., Mercier, M. J., Moum, J. N., Musgrave, R., Park, J. H., Pickering, A. I., Pinkel, R., Rainville, L., Ramp, S. R., Rudnick, D. L., Sarkar, S., Scotti, A., Simmons, H. L., St Laurent, L. C., Venayagamoorthy, S. K., Wang, Y. H., Wang, J., Yang, Y. J., Paluszkiewicz, T., Tang, T. Y. et al. (2015). The formation and fate of internal waves in the South China Sea. Nature, 521(7550), 65-U381.
Chen, C. S., Wiesenburg, D. A., & Xie, L. S. (1997). Influences of river discharge on biological production in the inner shelf: A coupled biological and physical model of the Louisiana-Texas shelf. Journal of Marine Research, 55(2), 293-320.
Chen, G. Y., Wu, R. J., & Wang, Y. H. (2010). Interaction between internal solitary waves and an isolated atoll in the Northern South China Sea. Ocean Dynamics, 60(5), 1285-1292.
Chen, Y. F. L., & Chen, H. Y. (2006). Seasonal dynamics of primary and new production in the northern South China Sea: The significance of river discharge and nutrient advection. Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers, 53(6), 971-986.
Ekman, V. M. (1904). On dead-water. Sci. Results, Norwegian North Polar Expedition, 5(15), 1893-1896.
Fiechter, J., Broquet, G., Moore, A. M., & Arango, H. G. (2011). A data assimilative, coupled physical-biological model for the Coastal Gulf of Alaska. Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, 52(1-2), 95-118.
Fiechter, J., Moore, A. M., Edwards, C. A., Bruland, K. W., Di Lorenzo, E., Lewis, C. V. W., et al. (2009). Modeling iron limitation of primary production in the coastal Gulf of Alaska. Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 56(24), 2503-2519.
Franks, P. J. S., & Chen, C. S. (1996). Plankton production in tidal fronts: A model of Georges Bank in summer. Journal of Marine Research, 54(4), 631-651.
Franks, P. J. S., Wroblewski, J. S., & Flierl, G. R. (1986). Behavior of a simple plankton model with food-level acclimation by herbivores. Marine Biology, 91(1), 121-129.
Gao, H. W., Feng, S. Z., & Guan, Y. P. (1998). Modelling annual cycles of primary production in different regions of the Bohai Sea. Fisheries Oceanography, 7(3-4), 258-264.
Gill, A. E. ( 1982). Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics. International Geophysical Series, 30, San Diego, CA:Academic Press, 662.
Hui, W., Guimei, L., Song, S., Boping, H., & Xiang, F. (2007). A three-dimensional coupled physical-biological model study in the spring of 1993 in the Bohai Sea of China. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 26(6), 1-12.
Lai, Z. G., Chen, C. S., Beardsley, R. C., Rothschild, B., & Tian, R. C. (2010). Impact of high-frequency nonlinear internal waves on plankton dynamics in Massachusetts Bay. Journal of Marine Research, 68(2), 259-281.
Liu, K. K., Chao, S. Y., Shaw, P. T., Gong, G. C., Chen, C. C., & Tang, T. Y. (2002). Monsoon-forced chlorophyll distribution and primary production in the South China Sea: observations and a numerical study. Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers, 49(8), 1387-1412.
Nansen, F. (1902). “The oceanography of the north polar basin,” Sci. Results, Norwegian North Polar Expedition, 2(9): 1893-1896.
Redfield, A. C., B. H. Ketchum., and F. A. Richard (1963). The influence of organisms on the composition of sea water, In The sea, vol. 2. Hill, M. H. (ed.), Interscience, New York, pp. 26-77.
Wang, Y. H., Dai, C. F., & Chen, Y. Y. (2007). Physical and ecological processes of internal waves on an isolated reef ecosystem in the South China Sea. Geophysical Research Letters, 34(18).
Zhao, Z. X., Klemas, V., Zheng, Q. N., & Yan, X. H. (2004). Remote sensing evidence for baroclinic tide origin of internal solitary waves in the northeastern South China Sea. Geophysical Research Letters, 31(6), 4.