一個城市的形成最需要的便是人口聚集，且必定有主要原因而造成這種現象，例如工業、商貿等。本文所探討的三個泰緬邊境城鎮為美塞、美索及拉廊。實際上，泰國與緬甸的交界長達1,800公里，但真正形成「雙城」的邊境城鎮卻只有這三個，且各自位處特殊區域，泰緬邊境最北端、最西端、最南端。而這三個邊境城鎮更是各自存在著不同的發展條件。雖然邊境貿易、跨境貿易為一個邊境城鎮最基本的經濟活動，然而，要能造就後來的城市發展，必定有更多的發展動能或元素的注入，而本文便是期待能找到這些發展動力。
有鑑於此，本研究採取一套新的理論「城市地緣政治經濟理論」，利用宏觀且全面性的方式進行探討，並找出真正帶來發展的原因。然而，由於位處邊境區域，除行政體系、商業貿易外，當地必定有許多社會議題值得討論，更是存在著諸多地下經濟之活動，皆是本文所欲探索的部份。
故章節安排的部份，第一章為緒論，第二章則討論「城市地緣政治經濟理論」，第三章對於泰國與緬甸之間的歷史進行探討，找出三個邊境城鎮在歷史上存在的證據。第四章到第六章則是分別針對三個泰緬邊境城鎮美塞、美索及拉廊進行探討，從政治面、經濟面、社會面等面向，試圖找到各自的發展動能。第七章則針對這三個邊境城鎮逕行比較，找出其異同之處。第八章則是結論。

The shape a city takes is always influenced by how people cluster. In the trend of increasing concentration, governance and markets will be created, as will border towns. We can determine that the most important factors for the development of this type of city are “border trade” and “cross-border trade.” These factors encourage people’s migration and goods exchanges every day in border areas, and this becomes the way of life in border towns. The national boundary between Thailand and Myanmar is approximately 1,800 km, but there are only three famous and important border towns: Mae Sai, Mae Sot, and Ranong. We can find a common aspect in these three towns; they are all very close to another border town in Myanmar and are only separated by a river. We can use the new theory, the Urban Geopolitical Economic Theory, to understand the development type of these three border towns, and try to find out what are the most important factors good for border towns’ developing.First, we try to understand about the history between Thailand and Myanmar. Second part, we use the Urban Geopolitical Economic Theory to analyze the development of three border towns and try to discuss political, economic and social issues, and these are chapter4, 5 and 6. About the chapter 7, we would like to compare these three border towns. The last chapter is the conclusion.

論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
第壹章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景、動機與目的 1
第二節 文獻回顧 11
第三節 研究途徑與方法 27
第四節 研究範圍與限制 32
第五節 研究架構圖 34
第六節 研究流程 35
第貳章 理論回顧 37
第一節 地緣政治學 38
第二節 地緣經濟學 48
第三節 地緣政治經濟學 54
第四節 「地緣政治經濟學」到「城市地緣政治經濟學」 62
第五節 小結 71
第參章 泰國與緬甸的邊境關係 75
第一節 泰緬邊境關係之發展歷程 76
第二節 泰緬邊境的政治議題 107
第三節 泰緬邊境的經濟議題 113
第四節 泰緬邊境的社會議題 121
第肆章 美塞邊境城鎮的發展 137
第一節 美塞的地理要素 138
第二節 美塞的政治發展 145
第三節 美塞的經濟發展 166
第四節 美塞的社會發展 189
第五節 小結 195
第伍章 美索邊境城鎮的發展 207
第一節 美索的地理要素 208
第二節 美索的政治發展 217
第三節 美索的經濟發展 238
第四節 美索的社會發展 255
第五節 小結 268
第陸章 拉廊邊境城鎮的發展 281
第一節 拉廊的地理要素 282
第二節 拉廊的政治發展 290
第三節 拉廊的經濟發展 300
第四節 拉廊的社會發展 307
第五節 小結 326
第柒章 泰緬邊境城鎮之比較 336
第一節 政治發展比較：國家安全、邊境管理、地方政治、基礎建設 337
第二節 經濟發展比較：邊境經濟、產業發展、衝突利益 353
第三節 社會發展比較：民間團體、商業團體、人口販運 366
第捌章 結論 382
第一節 研究發現 383
第二節 未來展望 396
參考文獻 399
附錄一：泰國邊境主要檢查站及關卡 424
附錄二：泰國民族分布圖 425
附錄三：緬甸邊境少數民族武裝勢力衝突分布圖 426
附錄四：泰國經濟特區分布圖 427
附錄五：緬甸到泰國的走私路線 428
附錄六：泰國軍方分布圖 429
附錄七：2016年泰緬跨境協議 430
附錄八：泰國「城鎮級自治市」 431

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BBC, 2014/09/18. “Koh Tao 'in shock' after British tourist murders,” BBC. ＜http://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-29252626/koh-tao-in-shock-after-british-tourist-murders＞
BBC, 2015/12/24. “Thailand beach murders: A flawed and muddled investigation,” BBC. ＜http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-35170419＞
Bird, Frank, 2016/04/11. “3 Ingredients to make HIV: Poverty, Migration, Desperation,” Marist Asia Foundation. ＜https://www.maristasiafoundation.org/2016/04/3-ingredients-to-make-hiv-poverty-migration-desperation/＞
Chiang Rai Times, 2015/07/09. “Mae Sai Border Congested as Burmese Workers Return to Thailand,” Chiang Rai Times.＜http://www.chiangraitimes.com/mae-sai-border-congested-as-burmese-workers-return-to-th ailand.html＞
Erlanger, Steven,1989/04/30. “Thailand Seeks to Shape a 'Golden Peninsula,'” The New York Time. ＜http://www.nytimes.com/1989/04/30/world/thailand-seeks-to-shape-a-golden-peninsula.html＞
Fawthrop, Tom, 2005. “Wa Drug Lords Dodge US Legal Action,” The IRRAWADDY, Vol. 13, No. 4. ＜http://www2.irrawaddy.com/print_article.php?art_id=4585＞
Frontier Myanmar, 2016/05/06. “New Thai-Myanmar Border Trade Zone Nears Completion,” Frontier Myanmar. ＜http://frontiermyanmar.net/en/business/new-thai-myanmar-border-trade-zone-nears-completion＞
Kasem, Supamart, 2008/06/09. “Push fir Alien Worker Centres: Mae Sot to be the Pilot Site for Foreign Labour,” Bangkok Post. ＜https://www.pressreader.com/thailand/bangkok-post/20080609/281578056413004＞
Kojima, Michikazu, 2015/01/15. “Trade ‘dirty’ products for a cleaner world,” NIKKEI Asian Review. ＜https://asia.nikkei.com/magazine/20150115-Living-with-terror/Special-Report/Trade-dirty-products-for-a-cleaner-world＞
Kyaw-Zaw, Thuyein, 2009/03/17. “Burma's gem mines face closure,” BBC. ＜http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7947914.stm＞
McGeown, Kate, 200/03/08. “Illicit trade on the Thai-Burma border,” BBC. ＜http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6430515.stm＞
Myanmar News, 2015/07/15. “Due to Dissatisfactory Embankment Water Control Management Done in Myanmar-Thai Border, Friendship Bridge Blocked by Thailand,” Myanmar News. ＜ http://www.shwemyanmar.info/news_detail_m.php?id=3116&type=3＞
O’connor, Brennan, 2016/02/01. “No Easy Life for Migrants in Thailand’s Ranong,” The Irrawaddy. ＜ https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/no-easy-life-for-migrants-in-thailands-ranong.html＞
Pipattanawattanakul, Anchalee. 2016/12/16. “Are there human rights abuses in your seafood?” Green Peace. ＜http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/Blogs/makingwaves/human-rights-Thai-fishing-turning-tide-investigation/blog/58322/＞
Slip, Sai, 2007/06/05. “Mae Sot Metropolis Plan,” The Irrawaddy. ＜ http://www2.irrawaddy.com/article.php?art_id=7379 ＞
TAT, 2016/03/16. “Ranong to rise as a hub for medical tourism and cross border trade,” TATNEWS. ＜http://www.tatnews.org/ranong-to-rise-as-a-hub-for-medical-tourism-and-cross-border-trade/＞
The Government Public Relations Department, 2014/03/18. “Ranong Province Prepares to Become an Export Center in the Andaman Sea,” The Government Public Relations Department. ＜ http://thailand.prd.go.th/ewt_news.php?nid=1288&filename=index ＞
Theparat, Chatrudee, 2012/10/25. “Nine provinces earmarked for schemes to improve connectivity,” Bangkok Post. ＜http://m.bangkokpost.com/business/318163＞
Thura Swiss Research, 2016/03/17. “Ranong has potential for trade with Myanmar,” Thura News Views. ＜ https://www.amchammyanmar.com/asp/view_doc.asp?DocCID=4853 ＞
Wangsri, Supawadee, 2017/06/21. “Ranong presents ID cards to 52 displaced Thais and Moken people,” NNT. ＜http://thainews.prd.go.th/website_en/news/news_detail/WNSOC6006210010104/2/20＞
Yosephine, Liza, 2017/02/17. “Thailand Lays Out Ambitious Plan to Become ASEAN Hub,” The Jakarta Post. ＜ http://www.thejakartapost.com/seasia/2017/02/17/thailand-lays-out-ambitious-plan-to-become-asean-hub.html ＞
Isue, Sa, 2017/05/11. “Migrnat Workers Face Difficulties to Process New Thai Employment Documents, as Agents Cash in,” Karen News.＜http://karennews.org/2017/05/migrant-workers-face-difficulties-to-process-new-thai-employment-documents-as-agents-cash-in.html/＞
（七） 英文網頁資料
“Greart Mekong Subregion Economic Cooperation Program,” ADB Website. ＜https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/29387/gms-ecp-overview-2015.pdf＞
“Green Isan & Khor Jor Kor projects (and other state plantations), Thailand,” Environmental Justice Atlas. ＜https://ejatlas.org/conflict/green-isan-khor-jor-kor-projects-and-other-state-plantations-thailand＞
“Jao Poh Khun Sam Chon Shrine,” Amazing Thailand. ＜https://www.tourismthailand.org/Attraction/Jao-Poh-Khun-Sam-Chon-Shrine--4696＞
“Moken in Thailand,” Joshua Project, ＜http://joshuaproject.net/people_grou ps/13769/TH#＞.
“Thai-Myanmar Trade and Investment Statistics,” Thai Biz: Businuss information centre. ＜ http://www.thaibizmyanmar.com/en/thai-myanmar/trade-investment.php＞
City Population Website. ＜https://www.citypopulation.de/php/thailand-admin.php?adm1id=85＞
Ivanoff, Jacques, 2005. “Moken: See Gypsies of Myanmar,” National Geographic. ＜http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/features/world/asia/myanmar/moken-text/1＞
Mae Sai District Website. ＜ http://www.maesai.go.th/index.php＞
Office of Foreign Workers Adninistration, ＜http://wp.doe.go.th/wp/index.php/en/home-en＞
Department of Employment, ＜https://www.doe.go.th/prd/＞
Ministry of Labour, ＜http://www.mol.go.th/en/anonymouse/home＞
Ministry of Interior, ＜http://www.moi.go.th＞
Mae Sai, Ching Rai Province Website. ＜ http://amphoe.com/menu.php?mid=1&am=138&pv=12＞
Mae Sot website. ＜ http://www.nakhonmaesotcity.go.th/th/statistic.php ＞
Marist Asia Foundation Website. ＜https://www.maristasiafoundation.org/marist-mission-ranong/hiv-aids/＞
Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population website. ＜http://www.mip.gov.mm/＞
Ranong Province Website. ＜http://www.ranong.go.th/index2.htm＞
Sternstein, Larry, “Low’s Description of theSiamese Empire in 1824.” ＜http://www.siamese-heritage.org/jsspdf/1981/JSS_078_1b_Sternstein_LowsDescriptionOfSiameseEmpire1824.pdf＞
Sukin, Kamol, 2000. “Thailand’s sea nomads,” Environment and development in coastal regions and in small islands, No.125.＜http://www.unesco.org/csi/act/thailand/moken_e.htm＞
Thai Army and Police website. ＜http://patricklepetit.jalbum.net/01-THEMES/ARMY-POLICE/indexb.html＞
Tak Chamber of Commerce in Thailand Website. ＜http://www.takchamber.com/＞
Tak Province Website. ＜http://www.tak.go.th/＞
UNHCR Global Report 2007 Website. ＜http://www.unhcr.org/gr07/＞
USAID, 2011. “HIV/AIDS Health Profile: Southeast Asia Regional Program.” ＜http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pdact414.pdf＞
二、 中文文獻
（一） 期刊論文
王純、林堅，2005。〈從政治地理結構變化看邊疆城市空間發展方向選-以哈爾濱為例〉，《人文地理》，第1期，頁113-116。
何平，2003。〈移居泰國雲南人的過去和現在〉，《西南邊疆民族研究》，第1期，頁1-9。
呂小琴，2008。〈下南洋的閩粵人〉，《海洋世界》，第7期，頁31-38。
林利民，1999。〈21世紀地緣政治格局析論–兼評美國盛行的幾種地緣政治觀〉，《世界經濟與政治》，第1 期，頁46-56。
金戈，1996。〈泰緬邊境糾紛的原因〉，《東南亞南亞訊息》，第6期，頁26-27。
金秋，1995。〈泰緬友誼大橋停建〉，《東南亞南亞訊息》，第16期，頁25。
徐裕軒，2017。〈南亞新星：緩步躍升的海洋灣國〉，《經貿透視（雙週刊）》，第467期，頁50-55。
高新力，2007。〈對朝貿易與其邊境城鎮的經濟發展〉，《商場現代化》，第506期，頁5-7。
黃清吟，2004。〈泰國林業及林產工業簡介〉，《台灣林業》，第30卷第6期，頁23-28。
臧振華，2012。〈再論南島語族的起源與擴散問題〉，《南島研究期刊》，第3卷第1期，頁87-119。
趙中麒，2014。〈流離在領土內、飄蕩在領土外？泰緬邊境克倫難民民族運動的空間爭奪〉，《文化研究》，第19期，頁251-290。
劉新華，2006。〈日澳關係的演變與及其特點〉，《當代亞太》，第6期，頁11-18。
蕭文軒、顧長永，2011。〈權力與抵抗：泰國「國家－高山民族」關係的探析〉，《問題與研究》，第50卷第4期。頁89-132。
韓銀安，2004。〈淺析地緣經濟學〉，《外文學院學報》，第75期，頁70-75。
韓銀安，2008。〈地緣經濟學競爭模式研究〉，《國際關係學院學報》，第5期，頁15-21。
（二） 專書
丁志剛、王宗禮，2002。《西部開發與我國地緣安全研究》。甘肅：甘肅人民出版社。
王正毅，1993。《現代政治地理學》。天津：南開大學出版社。
王賡武，2002。《南洋華人簡史》。台北：水牛。
王燕祥、張麗君，2002。《西部邊境城鎮：發展模式研究》。大連：東北財經大學出版社。
包宗和等，2012。《國際關係辭典》。台北：五南。
任洪生，2006。《霸權之間-世界體系與亞歐大陸腹地的發展》。北京：北京大學出版社。
朱杰勤，2008。《東南亞華僑史》。北京：中華書局。
朱振明，2011。《泰國：獨特的君主立憲制國家（第二版）》。香港：香港城市大學。
宋鎮照，1996。《東協國家之政經發展》。台北：五南。
李恩涵，2003。《東南亞華人史》。台北：五南。
沈默，1979。《現代地緣政治–理論與實施》。台北：三民書局。
范毅軍，2005。《傳統市鎮與區域發展：明清太湖以東地區為例，1551-1861》。台北：中央研究院。
倪世雄，2001。《當代西方國際關係理論》。上海：復旦大學出版社。
張麗君，2006。《地緣經濟時代》。北京：中央民族大學出版社。
郭學堂，2004。《國際關係學理論與實現》。北京：時事出版社。
陳偉華，2003。《軍事研究方法論》。桃園：國防大學。
陳鴻瑜，2015。《泰國史》。台北：台灣商務。
陳鴻瑜，2016。《緬甸史》。台北：台灣商務。
楊吾揚、梁進社，1997。《高等經濟地理學》。北京：北京大學出版社。
樓耀亮，2002。《地緣政治與中國國防戰略》。天津：天津人民出版社。
盧光盛，2012。《地緣政治視野下的西南週邊安全與區域合作研究》。雲南：人民大學社。
蕭歡容，2005。《地區主義及其當代發展》。北京：中國傳媒大學出版社。
謝文蕙、鄧衛，1996。《城市經濟學》。北京：清華大學出版社。
魏達志，2010。《東盟十國經濟發展史》。深圳：海天。
顧長永，2010。《泰國拉瑪九世皇六十年》。台北：巨流。
顧長永、蕭文軒，2016。《邊緣化或是整合：泰國的少數族群政治》。高雄：國立中山大學出版社。
（三） 專書譯著
Brzezinski, Zbigniew著，林添貴譯，2014。《大棋盤：全球戰略大思考》（The Grand Chessboard）。台北：立緒。
Brzezinski, Zbigniew著，陳秀娟譯，1994。《失控 : 解讀新世紀亂象》（Out of Control: Global Turmoil on the Eve of the 21st Century）。台北：天下文化。
Leinbach, Thomas R. & Richard Ulack著，楊昊等譯，2010。《東南亞多元與發展Part 2》（Southeast Asia-Diversity and Development）。台北：亞太學術交流基金會。
Mackinder, Halford John著，林爾尉、陳江合譯，2007。《歷史的地理樞紐》（The Geographical Hub of History）。北京：商務印書館。
Mackinder, Halford John著，武原譯，2007。《民主的理想與實現》（Democratic Ideals and Reality）。北京：商務印書館。
Parker, Geoffrey著，劉從德譯，2003。《地緣政治學：過去、現在和未來》（Geopolitics: Past, Present and Future）。北京：新華。
Reid, Anthony著，吳小安、孫來臣譯，2010。《東南亞的貿易時代：1450-1680年 （第一卷 季風吹拂下的土地）》（Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce (Volume One: The Lands below the Winds)）。北京：商務印書館。
Savitch, Hank V. and Paul Kantor著，葉林譯，2013。《國際市場中的城市：北美和西歐城市發展的政治經濟學》（Cities in the International Marketplace: The Political Economy of Urban Development in North America and Western Europe）。上海：人民出版社。
Smith, Adam著，謝宗林、李華夏合譯，2000。〈論羅馬帝國滅亡後城鎮的興起和進步〉，《國富論I》（The Wealth of Nations, Books I～III）。台北：先覺。
瑞穗綜合研究所著，童靜瑩、曹茹蘋、崔立潔合譯，2016。《圖解聚焦東協：剖析各國實力與趨勢，掌握最新經濟布局關鍵（図解ASEANを読む解く　ASEANを理解するのに役立つ60のテーマ）》。台北：城邦文化。
（四） 專書論文
林開忠，2008。〈東南亞歷史：史前時期到十九世紀〉，李瑩慧、王宏仁主編，《東南亞概論：臺灣的視角》。台北：五南。頁1-10。
（五） 學位論文
何展傑，2014。《泰國參與大湄公河次區域經濟合作的政經研究：地緣經濟學的分析觀點》。高雄：國立中山大學中國與亞太區域研究所博士論文。
河凡植，2007。《現階段中國對韓半島政策：以地緣經濟學觀點分析》。台北：國立政治大學國家發展研究所博士論文。
洪柏智，2011。《跨國公司與地主國產業政策的政治經濟分析：以泰國汽車產業為例》。高雄：國立中山大學中國與亞太區域研究所碩士論文。
聶慧銘，2007。《泰緬邊境貿易發展狀況、問題及對策研究》。中國：對外經濟貿易大學碩士論文。
（六） 新聞報導
Vater, Tom，2005/04/26。〈海上吉普賽人熬過海嘯卻陷入身份困境〉，《大紀元》，＜http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/5/4/26/n901716.htm＞。
中央社，2016/09/02。〈持緬甸電子簽證 9月可自泰邊境入境〉，《中時電子網》，＜http://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20160902003170-260408＞。
中國日報網，2013/05/17。〈緬甸開放緬泰邊貿檢查站〉，《中國日報網》，＜http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hqcj/gjcj/2013-05-17/content_9063039.html＞
中國報新聞網，2014/02/03。〈東協經濟一體化後商機 泰擬發展邊境城鎮〉，《中國報新聞網》，＜http://www.chinapress.com.my/node/496151＞。
中國網，2005/03/17。〈建設安瀾的綠色海疆〉，《中國網》，＜http://big5.china.com.cn/chinese/zhuanti/hb/813549.htm＞。
王詩菱，2014/09/19。〈英國遊客泰國遇害：緬甸移工排除嫌疑〉《台北海外和平服務團TOPS官方網站》，＜http://topstw.tian.yam.com/posts/79047308＞。
每日頭條，2016/08/08。〈克倫邦邊防軍與克倫佛教軍再燃戰火，多名村民受傷〉，《每日頭條》，＜https://kknews.cc/zh-tw/news/2vproe.html＞。
每日頭條，2016/12/28。〈微軟泰國聯合當地政府推出人口販賣打擊項目〉，《每日頭條》，＜https://kknews.cc/world/om56ye5.html＞。
南方都市報，2015/12/16。〈拖網深處 驚心動魄〉，《南方都市報》，＜http://epaper.oeeee.com/epaper/C/html/2015-07/26/content_26533.htm＞。
帥誠，2015/05/17。〈中太廣州簽備忘共建克拉運河縮航千二公里〉，《文匯報》，＜http://paper.wenweipo.com/2015/05/17/YO1505170013.htm＞
孫偉，2001/02/19。「一方剿匪越境一方大怒開槍泰緬邊境打起來了」，人民網，＜ http://www.people.com.cn/BIG5/junshi/61/20010219/398598.html ＞。
泰國世界日報，2010/07/20。〈緬甸關閉夜速關口 衝擊邊境貿易〉，《泰國世界日報》，＜http://www.udnbkk.com/article-123742-1.html＞。
泰國世界日報，2015/04/20。〈六大邊境經特區 2019年始售地〉，《泰國世界日報》，＜http://www.udnbkk.com/a rticle/2015/0420/article_126689.html＞。
泰國世界日報，2015/06/06。〈騎行風興起 美索二手單車超好賣〉，《泰國世界日報》，＜http://www.udnbkk.com/article/2015/0606/article_127819.htm＞。
泰國世界日報，2015/12/25。〈英客龜島遇害案 緬2移工判死刑〉，《泰國世界日報》，＜http://www.udnbkk.com/article/2015/1225/article_133112.html＞。
泰國世界日報，2016/06/19。〈美索機場啟動擴建 估2019年完工〉，《泰國世界日報》，＜http://www.udnbkk.com/article-183062-1.html＞。
泰國世界日報，2016/07/03。〈美索海關嚴查日本二手自行車貨船〉，《泰國世界日報》，＜http://www.udnbkk.com/article-184836-1.html＞。
泰國世界日報，2016/07/12。〈擴大邊貿 泰緬推「美索-妙瓦底模式」〉，《泰國世界日報》，＜http://www.udnbkk.com/article-185920-1.html＞。
泰國世界日報，2017/03/10。〈泰國首個多用途水庫-蒲美蓬水庫〉，《泰國世界日報》，＜http://www.udnbkk.com/article-216579-1.html＞。
泰國世界日報，2017/11/15。〈勞工部：明年3月 再無非法外勞〉，《泰國世界日報》，＜http://www.udnbkk.com/article-243831-1.html＞。
張少寬，2016/10/21。〈一根扁擔走瑪泰 麟郎王許泗漳傳奇一生〉，《光華網》，＜http://www.kwongwah.com.my/?p=214201＞。
張軒哲，2012/01/03。〈繾綣溫泉鄉─泰國拉濃〉，《自由時報》，＜ http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/supplement/paper/551401 ＞。
曾志雄，2002/06/06。「軍隊大批集結 衝突不時出現 泰緬邊境很緊張」，人民網，＜http://www.people.com.cn/BIG5/paper68/6408/630895.html＞。
開泰研究中心，2016/03/25。〈泰緬大橋建成2018泰國對緬甸出口額將破1000億泰銖〉，《Vision Thailand 看見泰國》，＜http://visionthai.net/p20228/＞。
黃嬿庭，2017/02/24。〈在泰緬甸移工新證件「綠冊子」即將上路〉，《ASEAN PLUS 南洋誌》，＜https://aseanplusjournal.com/2017/02/24/aseanland170224/＞。
新華網，2012/12/18。〈泰方表示積極推進緬甸土瓦經濟特區建設〉，《新華網》，＜http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/world/2012-12/18/c_114064531.htm＞。
新華網，2015/08/03。〈泰寮緬打造「新十字走廊」聯通中國東盟〉，《新華網》，＜http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2015-08/03/c_128086936.htm＞。
新華網，2015/12/17。〈第5站泰國兩大漳籍家族開發泰南 引來大量家鄉客〉，《新華網》，＜ http://www.fj.xinhuanet.com/2016zmyf/2016-02/04/c_1117992393.htm ＞。
新華網，2016/09/27。〈從昆明到新加坡 「一帶一路 七彩雲南」國際汽車拉力賽啟程〉，《新華網》，＜ http://news.xinhuanet.com/sports/2016-09/27/c_1119625546.htm＞。
溫于德、吳岳修，2017/11/10。〈冰毒是二級毒品 濫用恐致命〉，《自由時報》，＜http://m.ltn.com.tw/news/society/paper/1150618＞。
羅欽文，2004/09/01。〈重拳力扼毒品通道泰國軍方打響南部「肅毒戰」〉，《中國新聞網》，＜http://www.chinanews.com/news/2004/2004-09-01/26/479470.shtml＞。
蘋果日報，2016/01/10。〈命喪龜島：夢想假期告終英遊客浮屍泳池〉，《蘋果日報》，＜http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/realtime/international/20160110/54629523＞。
鐘國忍，2004/05/08。〈揭露馬六甲海盜真身 消除大中華心腹隱患〉，《大紀元》，＜http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/4/5/8/n533016.htm＞。
（七） 網頁資料
〈東協的海上吉普賽人：與潮汐同步〉，《東南亞簡介》，＜http://tha.dongnanya.travel/zh/toursde tail/38 59＞。
〈泰國橡膠之父──許心美〉，《泰華文學》，＜http://www.thaisinoliterature.com/old/200801/45_14.html＞。
林修澈，2009/10/28。〈南島語系〉，《台灣大百科全書》，＜http://taiwanpedia.culture.tw/we b/content?ID=2110＞。
香港貿發局，2015。〈泰國：東盟的重要物流樞紐〉，《香港貿發局經貿研究》，＜file:///C:/Users/pochih/Desktop/hktdc_1X0K58EY_tc.pdf＞。
三、泰文資料
สานักงานใหญ่, ธนาคารกรุงเทพ, 2014. จัดทัพธุรกิจ พิชิตตลาดชายแดนเมียนมาร. Bangkok: Bangkok Bank.
“สภาพทั่วไปและข้อมูลพื้นฐานที่สำคัญของเทศบาลเมืองระนอง,” เทศมนตรีเมืองระนอง. ＜http://www.ranongcity.go.th/images/information.pdf＞